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1.
In vitro responses of embryogenic sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.; cv. CoC-671) calli stressed with different levels of NaCl (0.0, 42.8, 85.6, 128.3, 171.1, 213.9 or 256.7 mM) were studied.
The results showed that a significant decrease in callus growth and cell viability occurred with ≥85.6 mM NaCl. Higher amounts
of free proline and glycine betaine were accumulated in NaCl-stressed calli. Although the leached and retained Na+ contents increased, the retained K+ content decreased with increasing levels of NaCl. Such a mechanism implies that sugarcane can be considered as a Na+-excluder. The accumulation of salt ions and osmolytes could play an important role in osmotic adjustment in sugarcane cells
under salt stress. 相似文献
2.
The present study demonstrates the regeneration of plantlets of guava (Psidium guajava L.) from somatic embryos developed under salt-stress conditions. With increasing concentrations of NaCl in induction medium
(MS + 4.52 μM 2,4-d + 5% sucrose) from 0 to 200 mM, the number of somatic embryos per responsive explant decreased. Somatic embryos induced on
0–100 mM NaCl containing medium developed into torpedo stages, whereas, the development of somatic embryos that differentiated
on 150 and 200 mM NaCl-supplemented medium was arrested prior to torpedo stage and did not undergo maturation phase. Somatic
embryos that developed on NaCl-containing medium, showed better germination in the presence of NaCl as compared with those
developed on medium without NaCl. The effect of increasing salt-stress was also investigated on plant growth, chlorophyll
and carotenoids, Na+ and K+, and proline and glycine betaine accumulation in in vitro grown plantlets. The level of Na+ in leaves increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl in the medium. Accumulation of free proline and glycine betaine
in leaves significantly increased with increasing salinity. The results suggest that accumulation of proline and glycine betaine
may be important for osmotic adjustment in guava under salinity stress. 相似文献
3.
Vinayak Haribhau Lokhande Tukaram Dayaram Nikam Suprasanna Penna 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):17-25
In vitro-grown cells of Sesuvium portulacastrum L., an important ‘salt accumulator’ mangrove associate, were incubated on a medium containing different levels of salt, including
0, 100, 200, or 400 mM NaCl, in order to evaluate biochemical, physiological, and growth responses. A significant decrease
in callus growth, water status, and cell membrane damage was observed under salt stress. Osmotic adjustment was revealed by
the accumulation of inorganic ions, such as sodium (Na+), and organic osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars) in NaCl-treated calli compared to control. However,
accretion of osmolytes and inorganic ions did not support growth of calli under NaCl stress conditions. The observed reduced
growth rate in calli subjected to stress, up to 200 mM NaCl, was coupled with lower catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities
and with a significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity. These findings suggested that S. portulacastrum cell cultures exhibited higher osmotic adjustment to salt stress. 相似文献
4.
Hamid Sobhanian Ferdous Rastgar Jazii Khadija Razavi Vahid Niknam Setsuko Komatsu 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2010,57(6):784-791
To investigate the salt tolerance mechanisms, Aeluropus lagopoides as a halophytic plant was used. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 450, 600, and 750 mM NaCl and harvested at 0, 4, 8, and
10 days after treatment and 1 day and 1 week after recovery. Optimal growth, measured as fresh and dry weights, occurred at
150 mM NaCl, but it was suppressed by 450, 600, and 750 mM NaCl. Recovery significantly increased fresh and dry weights only
in 750 mM NaCl-treated plants. Water content was decreased after NaCl treatment and increased after recovery. Na+ and proline contents and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased after NaCl treatment and decreased after recovery
in all treated plants. In contrast, K+ content and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased after NaCl treatment and increased after recovery in all treated plants.
Catalase (CAT) was activated only in 750 mM NaCl-treated plants. Total content of soluble protein was slightly changed after
NaCl treatment. It was concluded that proline accumulation for osmotic adjustment, SOD activation for O2·− scavenging, and CAT activation at the higher level of salt stress to detoxify produced H2O2 were main A. lagopoides strategies under salt stress. A. lagopoides salt tolerance was not based on the restriction of Na+ uptake. 相似文献
5.
The comparative responses of young olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv “Chemlali”) to different NaCl salinity levels were investigated over 11 months. One-year-old own rooted plants were
grown in 10-L pots containing sand and perlite mixture (1:3 v/v). Trees were subjected to three irrigation treatments: CP
(control plants that were irrigated with fresh water); SS1 (salt stressed plants irrigated with water containing 100 mM NaCl)
and SS2 plants (salt stressed plants irrigated with water containing 200 mM NaCl). Shoot elongation rate, relative water content,
leaf water potential and net carbon dioxide exchange rates decreased significantly with increased NaCl salinity level. Under
stressed conditions, the increase of Na+ and Cl− ions in both leaves and roots was accompanied with that of proline and soluble sugars. The above results show that the accumulation
of proline and sugars under stressed conditions could play a role in salt tolerance. The absence of toxicity symptoms under
both stress treatments and the superior photosynthetic activity recorded in SS1-treated plants suggest that cv Chemlali is
better able to acclimatize to 100 mM NaCl than at 200 mM NaCl. Our findings indicate that saline water containing 100 mM NaCl,
the most available water in arid region in Tunisia, can be recommended for the irrigation of cv Chemlali in the arid south
of Tunisia. 相似文献
6.
Ons Talbi Zribi Nehla Labidi Inès Slama Ahmed Debez Riadh Ksouri Mokded Rabhi Abderrazak Smaoui Chedly Abdelly 《Plant Growth Regulation》2012,66(1):75-85
Hordeum maritimum (Poacea) is a facultative halophyte potentially useful for forage production in saline zones. Here, we assessed whether moderate
NaCl-salinity can modify the plant response to phosphorus (P) shortage. Plants were cultivated for 55 days under low or sufficient
P supply (5 or 60 μmol plant−1 week−1 KH2PO4, respectively), with or without 100 mM NaCl. When individually applied, salinity and P deficiency significantly restricted
whole-plant growth, with a more marked effect of the latter stress. Plants subjected to P deficiency showed a significant
increase in root growth (as length and dry weight) and root/shoot DW ratio. Enhanced root growth and elongation presumably
correspond to the well-known root adaptive response to mineral deficiency. However, leaf relative water content, leaf P concentration,
and leaf gas exchange parameters were significantly restricted. The interactive effects of salinity and P deficiency were
not added one to another neither on whole plant biomass nor on plant nutrient uptake. Indeed, 100 mM NaCl-addition to P-deficient
plants significantly restored the plant growth and improved CO2 assimilation rate, root growth, K+/Na+ ratio and leaf proline and soluble sugar concentrations. It also significantly enhanced leaf total antioxidant capacity and
leaf anthocyanin concentration. This was associated with significantly lower leaf osmotic potential, leaf Na+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that mild salinity may mitigate the adverse
effects of phosphorus deficiency on H. maritimum by notably improving the plant photosynthetic activity, the osmotic adjustment capacity, the selective absorption of K+ over Na+ and antioxidant defence. 相似文献
7.
Concentrations of four major solutes (Na+, K+, Cl-, proline) were determined in isolated, intact chloroplasts from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. following long-term exposure of plants to three levels of NaCl salinity in the rooting medium. Chloroplasts were obtained by gentle rupture of leaf protoplasts. There was either no or only small leakage of inorganic ions from the chloroplasts to the medium during three rapidly performed washing steps involving precipitation and re-suspension of chloroplast pellets. Increasing NaCl salinity of the rooting medium resulted in a rise of Na+ und Cl- in the total leaf sap, up to approximately 500 and 400 mM, respectively, for plants grown at 400 mM NaCl. However, chloroplast levels of Na+ und Cl- did not exceed 160–230 and 40–60 mM, respectively, based upon a chloroplast osmotic volume of 20–30 l per mg chlorophyll. At 20 mM NaCl in the rooting medium, the Na+/K+ ratio of the chloroplasts was about 1; at 400 mM NaCl the ratio was about 5. Growth at 400 mM NaCl led to markedly increased concentrations of proline in the leaf sap (8 mM) compared with the leaf sap of plants grown in culture solution without added NaCl (proline 0.25 mM). Although proline was fivefold more concentrated in the chloroplasts than in the total leaf sap of plants treated with 400 mM NaCl, the overall contribution of proline to the osmotic adjustment of chloroplasts was small. The capacity to limit chloroplast Cl- concentrations under conditions of high external salinity was in contrast to an apparent affinity of chloroplasts for Cl- under conditions of low Cl- availability.Abbreviation Chl
chlorophyll 相似文献
8.
Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, morphology, photosynthesis and proline accumulation of Salvinia natans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of NaCl salinity on growth, morphology and photosynthesis of Salvinia natans (L.) All. were investigated by growing plants in a growth chamber at NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM. The relative growth rates were high (ca. 0.3 d−1) at salinities up to 50 mM and decreased to less than 0.2 d−1 at higher salinities, but plants produced smaller and thicker leaves and had shorter stems and roots, probably imposed by the osmotic stress and lowered turgor pressure restricting cell expansion. Na+ concentrations in the plant tissue only increased three-fold, but uptake of K+ was reduced, resulting in very high Na+/K+ ratios at high salinities, indicating that S. natans lacks mechanisms to maintain ionic homeostasis in the cells. The contents of proline in the plant tissue increased at high salinity, but concentrations were very low (<0.1 μmol g−1 FW), indicating a limited capacity of S. natans to synthesize proline as a compatible compound. The potential photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of S. natans remained unchanged at 50 mM NaCl but was reduced at higher salinities, and the photosynthetic capacity (ETRmax) was significantly reduced at 50 mM NaCl and higher. It is concluded that S. natans is a salt-sensitive species lacking physiological measures to cope with exposure to high NaCl salinity. At low salinities salts are taken up and accumulate in old leaves, and high growth rates are maintained because new leaves are produced at a higher rate than for plants not exposed to salt. 相似文献
9.
Reaumuria vermiculata (L.), a perennial dwarf shrub in the family of Tamaricaceae, is a salt-secreting xero-halophyte found widely in arid areas
of Tunisia. In the present study, physiological attributes of R. vermiculata were investigated under salt stress. Four-month-old plants were subjected to various salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400
or 600 mM NaCl) for 30 days under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that plants grew optimally when treated with standard
nutrient solution without NaCl supply. However, increasing osmolality of nutrient solutions caused a significant reduction
in biomass production and relative growth rate. This reduction was more pronounced in roots than in shoots. In addition, this
species was able to maintain its shoot water content at 30% of the control even when subjected to the highest salt level,
whereas root water content seemed to be unaffected by salt. Shoot water potential declined significantly as osmotic potential
of watering solutions was lowered and the more negative values were reached at 600 mM NaCl (−3.4 MPa). Concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in the shoots of R. vermiculata were markedly increased with increasing osmolality of nutrient solutions, whereas concentration of K+ was not affected by NaCl supply. Salt excretion is an efficient mechanism of Na+ exclusion from the shoots of this species exhibiting high K+/Na+ selectivity ratio over a wide range of NaCl salinity. Proline accumulation in shoots was significantly increased with increase
in salt level and may play a role in osmoregulation. 相似文献
10.
Vinayak H. Lokhande Tukaram D. Nikam Vikas Y. Patade Mahendra L. Ahire P. Suprasanna 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(1):41-49
The effect of optimal and supra-optimal concentrations (0, 200, 400 or 600 mM) of NaCl on the growth, osmotic adjustment and
antioxidant enzyme defence was studied in the in vitro cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum. A significant increase in growth, tissue water content (TWC) and fresh to dry weight ratio (FW/DW) was observed in the shoots
exposed to 200 mM salt. Minimum damage to the membrane in terms of low relative electrolytic leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde
(MDA) content and better osmotic adjustment at 200 mM salt stress was coupled with the higher accumulation of sodium ions
and total soluble sugars as against low proline and glycine betaine contents. A fine tuning of antioxidant enzyme activities
(superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) was also found to be responsible for the optimum growth of shoots.
In contrast, sub-optimal (0 mM) and supra-optimal concentrations (400–600 mM) of NaCl significantly affected the growth, water
status and increased the REL as well as MDA content of the shoots due to the accumulation of toxic concentrations of saline
ions. The highest accumulation of proline and glycine betaine in addition to antioxidant enzyme activities exhibited higher
osmotic adjustment and survival of the shoots under sub- or supra-optimal concentrations of NaCl as a penalty to reduced growth. 相似文献
11.
Salinity adversely affects plant growth and development. Halotolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) alleviate
salt stress and help plants to maintain better growth. In the present study, six PGPR strains were analyzed for their involvement
in salt-stress tolerance in Arachis hypogaea. Different growth parameters, electrolyte leakage, water content, biochemical properties, and ion content were analyzed in
the PGPR-inoculated plants under 100 mM NaCl. Three bacterial strains, namely, Brachybacterium
saurashtrense (JG-06), Brevibacterium
casei (JG-08), and Haererohalobacter (JG-11), showed the best growth of A. hypogaea seedlings under salt stress. Plant length, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass
were significantly higher in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. The PGPR-inoculated plants were quite healthy
and hydrated, whereas the uninoculated plant leaves were desiccated in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. The percentage water content
(PWC) in the shoots and roots was also significantly higher in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. Proline
content and soluble sugars were significantly low, whereas amino acids were higher than in uninoculated plants. The MDA content
was higher in uninoculated plants than in inoculated plants at 100 mM NaCl. The inoculated plants also had a higher K+/Na+ ratio and higher Ca2+, phosphorus, and nitrogen content. The auxin concentration was higher in both shoot and root explants in the inoculated plants.
Therefore, it could be predicted that all these parameters cumulatively improve plant growth under saline conditions in the
presence of PGPR. This study shows that PGPR play an important role in inducing salinity tolerance in plants and can be used
to grow salt-sensitive crops in saline areas. 相似文献
12.
HuiPing Mao Fumiko Iwanaga Norikazu Yamanaka Fukuju Yamamoto 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2008,4(2):75-82
Growth, photosynthesis, and Na+, K+, and Ca2+ distributions were investigated in 2-year-old hydroponically cultured Populus alba L. cuttings exposed to salt stresses (0, 0.85, 8.5, 17, and 85 mM NaCl in experiment 1 and 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM in
experiment 2) for 4 weeks in 2/5 Hoagland solution. Salt did not markedly inhibit height growth and diameter increment in
150 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively. The 85 mM NaCl treatment increased the dry weights of roots and total dry weight of plants,
while 150 mM NaCl significantly reduced the dry weights of leaves, stems, and total plant weight. The decline in the photosynthetic
rate lagged 2 weeks behind that of stomatal conductance in the 50 and 100 mM salt solutions. Different ions exhibited different
distributions in different parts of the plant. Most Na+ ions were excluded and/or compartmentalized in roots at low and moderate salt stress (≤50 mM). K+ content in leaves increased with the increase in the salt concentration in the growth solutions. 相似文献
13.
Mohammad Aghaleh Vahid Niknam Hassan Ebrahimzadeh Khadijeh Razavi 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(4):1261-1270
The effects of salt stress on growth parameters, free proline content, ion accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and several antioxidative
enzymes activities were investigated in S. persica and S. europaea. The seedlings were grown for 2 months in half-strength Hoagland solution and treated with different concentrations of NaCl
(0, 85, 170, 340, and 510 mM) for 21 days. The fresh and dry weights of both species increased significantly at 85 and 170 mM
NaCl and decreased at higher concentrations. Salinity increased proline content in both the species as compared to that of
control. Sodium (Na+) content in roots and shoots increased, whereas K+ and Pi content in both organs decreased. At all NaCl concentrations, the total amounts of Na+ and K+ were higher in shoots than in roots. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content declined at moderate NaCl concentrations (85 and 170 mM)
and increased at higher levels. With increased salinity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase
(GPX) activities also increased gradually in both species. In addition, it seems that GPX, CAT, and SOD activities play an
essential protective role in the scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both species. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(PAGE) indicated different isoform profiles between S. persica and S. europaea concerning antioxidant enzymes. These results showed that S. persica exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and it is more salt-tolerant than S. europaea possibly by maintaining and/or increasing growth parameters, ion accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. 相似文献
14.
Olaya Prez-Tornero Carlos I. Talln Ignacio Porras Josefa M. Navarro 《Journal of plant physiology》2009,166(17):1923-1933
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting arable crops worldwide, and is the most stringent factor limiting plant distribution and productivity. In the present study, the possible use of in vitro culture to evaluate the growth and physiological responses to salt-induced stress in cultivated explants of Citrus macrophylla was analyzed. For this purpose, micropropagated adult explants were grown in proliferation and rooting media supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl. All growth parameters were decreased significantly by these NaCl treatments; this was accompanied by visible symptoms of salt injury in the proliferated shoots from 60 mM NaCl and in the rooted shoots from 40 mM NaCl. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing salinity in proliferated shoots, indicating a rising degree of membrane damage. The concentration of total chlorophyll significantly decreased in the presence of NaCl, and this effect was more pronounced in the rooted explants. The Na+ and Cl− concentrations in the explants increased significantly with the salinity level, but Cl− levels were higher in the proliferated explants than in the rooted explants. For osmotic adjustment, high concentrations of compatible solutes (proline and quaternary ammonium compounds—QAC) accumulated in salt-stressed plants in proliferation, but differences were not observed in rooted explants. In proliferation, proline and QAC were highly correlated with the sodium and chloride concentrations in the explants, indicating a possible role of these compounds in osmotic adjustment. The plant concentrations of NO3−, K+, Mg2+, Ca+ and Fe were also affected by the NaCl concentration of the medium. We suggest that the important deleterious effects in the in vitro explants of Citrus macrophylla grown at increasing NaCl concentrations were due mainly to toxic effects of saline ions, particularly Cl−, at the cellular level. 相似文献
15.
The antioxidative defense mechanism to salinity was assessed by monitoring the activities of some antioxidative enzymes and
levels of antioxidants in an obligate halophyte, Salicornia brachiata, subjected to varying levels of NaCl (0, 200, 400, and 600 mM) under hydroponic culture. In the shoots of S. brachiata, salt treatment preferentially enhanced the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), glutathione
reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas it induced the decrease of catalase (CAT) activity. Similarly, salinity
caused an increase in total glutathione content (GSH + GSSG) and a decrease in total ascorbate content. Growth of S. brachiata was optimum at 200 mM NaCl and decreased with further increase in salinity. Salinity caused an increase in Na+ content and a decrease in K+ content of shoots. Proline levels did not change at low (0-200 mM NaCl) or moderate (400 mM NaCl) salinities, whereas a significant
increase in proline level was observed at high salinity (600 mM NaCl). Accumulation of Na+ may have a certain role in osmotic homeostasis under low and moderate salinities in S. brachiata. Parameters of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, and H2O2 concentrations decreased at low salinity (200 mM NaCl) and increased at moderate (400 mM NaCl) and high salinities (600 mM
NaCl). As a whole, our results suggest that the capacity to limit ionic and oxidative damage by the elevated levels of certain
antioxidative enzymes and antioxidant molecules is important for salt tolerance of S. brachiata. 相似文献
16.
Some plants accumulate some compatible solutes and exude various organic acids when exposed to environmental stress. These
compatible solutes including proline have been suggested to be involved in stress tolerance by maintaining sufficient cell
turgor for growth, thereby improving plant growth, protecting enzymes, and membranes. However, less evidence exists regarding
the protective roles of organic acids under stress conditions. Here, we investigate the effects of citric acid as a component
of the response to stress on plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activities in two genotypes of halophyte Leymus chinensis (Trin.) genotypes, LcWT07 and LcJS0107. Data showed that both saline stress (200 mM NaCl) and alkaline stress (100 mM Na2CO3) reduced plant growth on the relative growth rate and CO2 assimilation rate, but increased the citric acid concentrations in 6-week-old plants over the 72 h experimental period. When
50 mg l−1 citric acid was exogenously applied under stress conditions, it significantly improved the plant growth and internal citric
acid concentration, and also induced defense mechanisms by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. To compare with
the mitigative effects of exogenous citric acid on stress, exogenous application of proline was also performed under same
conditions, and similar effects on the improvement of growth were observed. Based on these results, we suggested that citric
acid is an important component of the stress response in L. chinensis, and exogenous application of 50 mg l−1 citric acid might play a positive role on stress tolerance. 相似文献
17.
Abdel Hamid A. Khedr Mamdouh S. Serag Mamdouh M. Nemat-Alla Amina Z. Abo El-Naga Reham M. Nada W. Paul Quick Gaber M. Abogadallah 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(5):1769-1784
In the present study, Na+ manipulating genes could contribute not only to ion homeostasis but also to growth stimulation with exposing the halophyte
Atriplex halimus L. to moderate NaCl concentration. The stimulation of growth was attributed to Na+ accumulation inside the vacuole leading to increase leaf cell size as well as accelerate leaf cell division. Increasing the
assimilatory surface could result in enhancing the photosynthetic rate. The reduction of A. halimus growth compared to optimum growth at 50 and 200 mM NaCl could be attributed to osmotic effect rather than the ionic one of
salt stress. The inhibition of photosynthesis seemed to be resulted from limitation of CO2 due to the osmotic effect on stomatal conductance rather than the activity loss of photosynthetic machinery. The depletion
of starch content along with the increase in sucrose content could imply that photosynthesis may be a limiting for A. halimus growth. The fast coordinate induction of Na+ manipulating genes could reveal that the tolerance of A. halimus to high concentrations evolved from its ability to regulate and control Na+ influx and efflux. V-H
+-PPase may play a vital role in A. halimus tolerance to osmotic and/or ionic stress due to its kinetics of induction. It seemed that H+-ATPase plays a pivotal role in A. halimus tolerance to stress due to the increase in its protein level was detected with all NaCl concentrations as well as with PEG
treatments. Both of these genes might be useful in improving stress tolerance in transgenic crops. 相似文献
18.
Shabina Syeed Naser A. Anjum Rahat Nazar Noushina Iqbal Asim Masood Nafees A. Khan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(3):877-886
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars Alankar (salt-tolerant) and PBM16 (salt-sensitive) plants were grown with 50 mM NaCl and were sprayed with
0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) to study the physiological processes determining salt tolerance and to observe the
influence of SA application on the alleviation of NaCl-induced adverse effects. The content of leaf Na+, Cl−, H2O2, TBARS, and electrolyte leakage and the activity of SOD were higher in PBM16 than Alankar. In contrast, nutrients content,
activity of APX and GR, glutathione content, photosynthetic and growth characteristics were higher in Alankar. Treatment of
50 mM NaCl resulted in increase of Na+ and Cl−, oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content, while nutrients content, photosynthetic, and
growth characteristics decreased in both the cultivars. Application of 0.5 mM SA alleviated the negative effects of 50 mM
NaCl maximally, but 1.0 mM SA proved inhibitory. The effect of SA was more conspicuous in Alankar than PBM16. It is concluded
that the higher tolerance of Alankar was due to its lower leaf Na+ and Cl− content, higher nutrients content, and efficient antioxidant metabolism. The application of 0.5 mM SA substantially alleviated
salt-induced adverse effects in Alankar. 相似文献
19.
Callus cultures ofArachis hypogaea L. cv. JL-24 adapted to 200 mM NaCl (otherwise lethal to cells) were used for the study. Calli grew slowly when transferred to 250 mM NaCl, but the growth was enhanced when ABA was included in the medium. ABA induced increase in growth of callus was not accompanied by corresponding increase in internal free proline levels. 0.5 mM of CaCl2 ameliorated the negative effect of NaCl indicating that cells require a specific Ca2+/Na+ ratio for their growth. Proline content also increased at this ratio thereby suggesting that increase in growth at 0.5 mM Ca2+ may be due to an increase in proline content. However, exogenous proline did not increase the growth of callus (adapted to 200 mM), and higher concentrations even inhibited the growth. This shows that proline is not required for growth or adaptation of cells to salt stress, but is produced as a consequence of stress. 相似文献
20.
To elucidate the osmotic adjustment characteristics of mangrove plants, inorganic ion and organic solute contents of intermediate
leaves were investigated in 3-month-old Kandelia candel (L.) Druce seedlings during 45 days of NaCl treatments (0, 200, and 500 mM NaCl). The contents of Na+, Cl−, total free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, pinitol and mannitol increased to different degree by salinity, whereas,
K+ content decreased by salinity compared with control. NaCl treatment induced an increase of inorganic ion contribution while
a decrease of organic solute contribution. It was concluded that accumulating a large amount of inorganic ions was used as
the main osmotic adjustment mechanism under salinity treatment. However, accumulation of organic osmolytes might be considered
to play much more important role in osmoregulation under severe salinity (500 mM NaCl) than under moderate salinity (200 mM
NaCl), thus the damage caused by high toxic ions (Na+ and Cl−) concentration in K. candel leaves could be avoided. 相似文献