肝素对逆转录抑制作用的研究

目的:研究肝素在逆转录过程中的作用.方法:提取人肺胚胎二倍体细胞和肝素抗凝血中总RNA,经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定RNA的质量好后,逆转录合成相应的cDNA,分别进行看家基因β-actin的聚合酶链反应(PCR),其产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测;用基因芯片技术检测cDNA.将肝素抗凝血中提取的总RNA分为等量的两部分,分别用肝素酶或氯化锂处理RNA进行逆转录为cDNA和RNA合成cDNA后再用肝素酶或氯化锂处理,分别进行看家基因β-actin的聚合酶链反应(PCR),其产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测;并用基因芯片技术检测氯化锂处理RNA后cDNA.结果:二倍体细胞来源的RNA为模板,能扩增出β-actin产物,并且在基因芯片上有杂交点.肝素抗凝血来源的RNA,在肝素酶或氯化锂作用后行逆转录者,能扩增到β-actin的目的片段,且基因芯片上有杂交点;而在未处理者不能扩增到目的片段,且基因芯片上无杂交点.结论:肝素是一种逆转录的抑制剂.对RNA逆转录cDNA过程有较强的抑制作用.     

人凝血因子Ⅶ cDNA基因的克隆与鉴定

目的:克隆并鉴定人凝血因子ⅦcDNA基因。方法:采用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法,从人胎肝总RNA中扩增人凝血因子ⅦcDNA基因,将其克隆入pGEM-T载体,对阳性克隆进行序列测定和分析。结果:经RT-PCR扩增和克隆,获得了人凝血因子ⅦcDNA基因,经序列分析表明,所克隆的基因序列正确。结论:本试验成功克隆了人凝血因子ⅦcDNA基因,为重组人凝血因子Ⅶ的研究奠定了基础。     

莱芜猪肝脏组织全长cDNA文库的构建和鉴定

目的:构建莱芜猪肝脏组织全长cDNA文库,以便研究与莱芜猪优良性状相关的基因。方法:采用改良的异硫氰酸酸胍一步法制备总RNA;利用SMART技术,以PrimeScript反转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA,通过LD-PCR扩增获得cDNA双链;经蛋白酶K消化和CHROMA SPIN-400柱分级分离后,收集500 bp以上的cDNA片段,并与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,建成原始文库;随机挑取单菌落,用HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ进行双酶切鉴定重组子插入片段大小。结果:经鉴定,原始文库的滴度为2.8×105 cfu/mL,重组率约为98%,插入片段大小为0.5～2 kb,平均插入片段长度大于1 kb。结论:建立的cDNA文库质量良好,可以用于目的基因的筛选。     

斑马鱼Gfi1.1基因的克隆及其体外转录

目的:克隆斑马鱼Gfi1.1基因的全长cDNA,运用T7 RNA聚合酶对含有Gfi1.1基因的ORF区进行体外转录,在体外合成5端带有帽子结构的Gfi1.1 mRNA分子,为后续研究斑马鱼Gfi1.1基因的功能打下基础。方法:应用RT-PCR从斑马鱼组织中扩增出Gfi1.1 cDNA片段,经回收纯化与pGM-T载体连接并转化感受态细菌DH-5α,通过蓝白筛选酶切鉴定阳性菌落,小量提取质粒,Nde I限制性内切酶线性化pGM-T-Gfi1.1质粒,运用T7 RNA聚合酶对Gfi1.1基因进行体外转录及加帽。经凝胶电泳对目的片段进行鉴定。结果:RT-PCR扩增获得约1.2 kb的DNA片段,DNA序列分析的结果与GenBank上的序列(NM_001020776)一致,酶切线性化及体外转录加帽pGM-T-Gfi1.1,凝胶电泳鉴定RNA分子大小与预期完全一致。结论:成功克隆斑马鱼Gfi1.1基因并体外转录及加帽pGM-T-Gfi1.1。     

黑曲霉bgl基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

通过一步法提取黑曲霉AS3．796的总RNA,利用依据其他黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶（bgl）基因序列设计的一对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增得到了该菌bgl基因cDNA片段。将目的片段与pGEM-T载体连接并转入大肠杆菌。序列测定结果表明该cDNA片段大小为2583bp,其基因序列与已公布的其它黑曲霉bgl基因的同源性最高可达99％。蛋白质分析结果表明该β-葡萄糖苷酶属于糖苷水解酶家族3成员。     

人TRAIL 基因原核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的:克隆肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)基因片段(114～281氨基酸残基)并构建原核表达载体。方法:取健康人外周血提取总RNA,设计合成引物并引入EcoR I和Xho I酶切位点,RT-PCR扩增TRAIL基因的胞外区片段,克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定阳性克隆。结果:从外周血cDNA中扩增出501 bp的目的片段,测序结果证实成功构建重组质粒pGEX-6P-1/TRAIL。结论:成功构建TRAIL基因的原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1/TRAIL,为肿瘤细胞的凋亡研究提供理论依据。     

大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库的构建

目的:为筛选和克隆大乳头水螅发育调控相关基因的全长cDNA,构建大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库.方法:提取大乳头水螅总RNA后从其中分离mRNA,运用SMART技术构建RACE cDNA文库.为鉴定所构建文库的质量,根据GenBank中大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA序列设计5'RACE和3'RACE的引物及用于扩增actin基因编码区全长序列的引物.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,RACE cDNA文库中全长cDNA的长度集中在500-2 000bp之间.5'RACE、3'RACE PCR及扩增actin基因编码区全长序列时均以本文构建的大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库为模板,这3个PCR反应均能扩增出产物,产物大小与目标片段预计大小相似.PCR产物分别经T/A克隆及测序后证明为大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA的相应序列.结论:RACE cDNA文库的成功构建为通过RACE方法获得大乳头水螅功能基因cDNA全长序列奠定了基础.     

盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)cDNA文库构建及功能基因筛选

采用Qiagen公司的植物总RNA提取技术、Clontech公司的CreatorTM技术平台以及SMARTTM技术进行cDNA文库构建.从杜氏藻中提取出了高质量的总RNA,通过PowerScript反转录酶反转录杜氏藻的总RNA,采用LD-PCR、酶处理等方法对cDNA进行等比例扩增、纯化,同时使用CHROMA SPIN-400柱子将cDNA分段化,最后将长片段连入pDNR-LIB质粒,1.5 kV,25 μ F电转化大肠杆菌JM109,得到含1.5×106个克隆子的原始文库,滴度为1.5×106cfu ml-1.结合酶切和PCR,对该文库的质量进行了鉴定和统计,文库的平均片段插入长度为1.5kb.采用烯醇酶和UDP葡萄糖脱氢酶的EST作为同源探针,对文库中的功能基因进行筛选,并采用放射性原位杂交法,对扩增文库进行了初筛和复筛,得到了含这两条基因全编码序列的cDNA,烯醇酶为1.8kb,UDP葡萄糖脱氢酶为1.9kb,为今后对该种进行大规模功能基因组学研究奠定基础.     

Expression of recombinant human plasminogen in mammalian cells is augmented by suppression of plasmin activity.

We present evidence that over-expression of human plasminogen, the precursor to the serine protease plasmin, can be cytotoxic to mammalian cells. When an expression vector containing plasminogen cDNA is transfected into baby hamster kidney cells, the number of drug-resistant colonies as well as the levels of plasminogen secreted by those colonies is lower than observed in similar transfections of other protease precursor genes. The recombinant plasminogen accumulates intracellularly as degraded NH2-terminal fragments. In contrast, a mutant of plasminogen that produces inactive plasmin (active site Ser740 changed to Ala) is synthesized by these cells as a full-length plasminogen molecule, and the colony numbers and expression levels are normal. Thus, the generation of plasmin activity is responsible for the cytotoxic phenomena and the degradation associated with plasminogen expression. In addition, experiments using a plasminogen mutant that cannot be activated to plasmin (activation cleavage site Arg560 to Gly) or using coexpression of antisense urokinase RNA indicate that an endogenous plasminogen activator is responsible for converting newly synthesized plasminogen to plasmin. Finally, coexpression of plasminogen with alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, a serpin which is the physiologic inhibitor of plasmin, prevents the toxic effects of intracellular plasmin activity and allows the synthesis and secretion of native human plasminogen.     

Manganese superoxide dismutase: nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding a new human transcript.

Three human cDNA libraries were screened with a human manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) cDNA under moderately stringent conditions to characterize a large 4-6 kb RNA species which hybridizes to Mn-SOD in RNA blot analyses. A new 4.2 kb Mn-SOD cDNA clone (Mn-SOD 1) was isolated. Its long 3426 nucleotide 3'-untranslated sequence contains both of the 240 base 3'-untranslated sequences of the 1 kb Mn-SOD 4 and 5 cDNAs. This is a fully processed, cytoplasmic RNA species and raises the possibility of a role for particular 3'-untranslated sequence selection in Mn-SOD gene regulation.     

Primary structure of human alpha 2-antiplasmin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin)

The plasma protein alpha 2-antiplasmin is the main physiological inhibitor of the serine protease plasmin, which is responsible for the dissolution of fibrin clots. We have determined the primary structure of mature human alpha 2-antiplasmin by DNA sequencing of overlapping cDNA fragments prepared from human liver mRNA. cDNA clones were identified by hybridization with a 48-base pair deoxyoligonucleotide probe deduced from the sequence of a 16-amino acid peptide of alpha 2-antiplasmin. Mature human alpha 2-antiplasmin contains 452 amino acids. It is homologous (23-28%) with five other proteins belonging to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. Its reactive site, i.e. the peptide bond cleaved by reaction with its primary target enzyme, plasmin, consists of Arg364-Met365. This dipeptide corresponds to the reactive site Met358-Ser359 of the archetypal serpin, alpha 1-antitrypsin.     

Differential autolysis of human and canine plasmins

Plasmin, like trypsin, undergoes autolysis. The proteolytic activity of human plasmin was virtually abolished after incubation at 37° for 1 hour, whereas the activity of the canine plasmin remained relatively stable under the same conditions. After 23 hours of incubation at 25°, canine plasmin had lost only 12% of its proteolytic activity, while human plasmin had lost 72% of its activity. Gel electrophoretic analyses showed differences in the susceptibility to proteolysis of the light and heavy chain components of the two plasmin molecules. The light chain of canine plasmin was relatively stable to autolysis while the light chain of human plasmin underwent extensive proteolytic degradation. The patterns of digestion of the heavy chain components of the two plasmin species were also found to be different. The results obtained in this study suggest that significant differences exist in the structures of human and canine plasmins.     

Three recombinant serine proteinase inhibitors expressed from the coding region of the thrombin inhibitor dipetalogastin

Dipetalogastin is a potent thrombin inhibitor from Dipetalogaster maximus. The cDNA of dipetalogastin codes for a large protein which consists of six Kazal-type domains. There are three tandem, homologous regions each including two domains. Three biologically active recombinant proteins rDI, rDII and rDIII each corresponding to one region of the dipetalogastin cDNA were expressed, purified and investigated with regard to their biological activities. rDI and rDII with molecular masses of 12,660 and 12,911 Da, respectively, proved to be potent thrombin inhibitors. The investigation of their influences on amidolytic activities of different serine proteases showed no inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) and alpha-chymotrypsin. At a large molar excess of rDI and rDII over the enzymes only low effects on the activities of trypsin and plasmin were observed. rDIII differs much from the both others. An inhibition of thrombin was found only at a molar excess of rDIII over the enzyme. Furthermore, an inhibition of trypsin and low effects on plasmin were detected at a molar excess of inhibitor over these enzymes. These results indicate that rDIII is active against thrombin, trypsin and plasmin, and finally possesses no specificity for only one serine proteinase.     

Plasmin activates pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 with a membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been implicated as a physiological activator of progelatinase A (MMP-2). We previously reported that plasmin treatment of cells results in proMMP-2 activation and increased type IV collagen degradation. Here, we analyzed the role of MT1-MMP in plasmin activation of MMP-2 using HT-1080 cells transfected with MT1-MMP sense or antisense cDNA. Control, vector-transfected cells that expressed endogenous MT1-MMP, and antisense cDNA transfectants with very low levels of MT1-MMP did not activate proMMP-2. Conversely, cells transfected with sense MT1-MMP cDNA expressed high MT1-MMP levels and processed proMMP-2 to 68/66-kDa intermediate activation products. Control cells and MT1-MMP transfectants had much higher levels of cell-associated MMP-2 than antisense cDNA transfectants. Addition of plasmin(ogen) to control or MT1-MMP-transfected cells generated active, 62-kDa MMP-2, but was ineffective with antisense cDNA transfectants. The effect of plasmin(ogen) was prevented by inhibitors of plasmin, but not by metalloproteinase inhibitors, implicating plasmin as a mechanism for proMMP-2 activation independent of the activity of MT1-MMP or other MMPs. Plasmin-mediated activation of proMMP-2 did not result from processing of proMT1-MMP and did not correlate with alpha(v)beta(3) integrin or TIMP-2 levels. Thus, plasmin can activate proMMP-2 only in the presence of MT1-MMP; however, this process does not require the catalytic activity of MT1-MMP.     

大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株3''''端基因组的克隆及分析

我们应用多次加尾的方法,对大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株的RNAs基因组进行克隆。在所述条件下可以合成2000～3000核苷酸长度的cDNA。通过原位杂交、转印杂交(Northern blot)证明所得克隆属于RNA_1和RNA_3组分,并包含有3′端基因组结构。对部分克隆进行了酶谱分析。