人晶体膜内蛋白MP19基因（LIM2）启动子上一个晶体特异顺式元件的鉴定

使用重叠和变异的寡核苷酸作为探针,凝胶迁移分析和竞争实验分析了LIM2转录起始位点上游-47至-32的区域,与其高度亲和结合的一个蛋白复合体看来仅仅结合到这个DNA双链区域的“敏感”位点。这个位点的序列由4个G核苷,接着7个其他核苷酸(AACCTAA）及连着另外4个G核苷组成,即GGGGAACCTAAGGGG; 我们称其为Hsu元件。使用含有这个元件或相应的变异元件所构建的LIM2基因启动子CAT质粒的活性分析表明Hsu元件是位于LIM2基因启动子之内,它是LIM2基因表达所必须的。结合到Hsu元件的反式因子存于晶体发育期间,看来是晶体特异性的。由于LIM2基因启动子并不包含一个经典的TATA盒,这个Hsu元件可能充当RNA复制酶复合体结合的位点。     

家蚕丝素P25蛋白基因启动子顺式作用元件的功能分析

为了阐明蚕丝蛋白基因表达调控的分子机制, 利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统及实时荧光定量PCR等技术, 对家蚕Bombyx mori丝素P25基因启动子上游1 233 bp的活性及其调控元件的功能进行了分析。结果表明： 在P25启动子上游-423~-1 233区和-127~-238区存在正调控元件, 在-238~-423区段存在负调控元件; PSGF和BMFA两结合元件在P25基因表达中起负调控作用。PSGF结合元件对A3启动子在后部丝腺的活性具有一定的增强作用, 进一步验证了PSGF调控元件的功能。通过对P25基因启动子的活性分析, 尤其是对PSGF和BMFA调控元件的功能分析, 有利于进一步了解P25基因表达调控的精细机制。     

人SIRT1基因启动子及蛋白的生物信息学分析

为深入分析人SIRT1基因启动子及蛋白的结构和功能,本文采用生物信息学方法分析人SIRT1基因5′端启动子、启动子区Motif、转录因子结合位点、甲基化CpG岛、单核苷酸多态性、进化关系、理化性质、二级和三级结构、保守结构域、突变和翻译后修饰位点、互作蛋白及生物学功能。TSSW和Neural Network Promoter Prediction数据库预测其区间分别存在3个、2个启动子。MEME数据库预测启动子区存在3个Motif。EMBOSS、MethPrimer和CpG Finder数据库都发现CpG岛聚集分布于1600~2200 bp区。PROMO和AliBaba2.1数据库预测其启动子区域共同转录因子为22个。JASPAR软件获得6个与正负链相结合的转录因子。SNP Function Prediction数据库还发现不同种族等位基因频率存在差异。人SIRT1基因位于染色体10q21.3上,广泛分布在不同组织中。人SIRT1蛋白由747个氨基酸组成,属于亲水、不稳定的蛋白质,在不同物种间具有较高的保守性。结构域位于第254~489位氨基酸序列,属于SIR2超家族,主要分布在细胞核和线粒体中,二级结构主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,相比AlphaFold2,SWISS-MODEL数据库构建的三级模型更可靠。SIRT1蛋白共含有突变位点106个、N-糖基化位点1个、磷酸化位点61个,与EP300、TP53等多种蛋白相互作用,并且参与昼夜节律过程、类固醇激素反应、细胞内受体信号等,涉及寿命调节通路、AMPK信号通路、FoxO信号通路等。本研究为了解SIRT1对炎症反应等疾病的影响及感染机制提供了参考依据。     

LCRG1基因启动子关键顺式调节元件的鉴定

LCRG1基因( laryngeal carcinoma related gene1,LCRG1 )是一个新的喉癌候选抑瘤基因,其转录调控机制一直未被阐明．通过限制性内切酶酶切介导对LCRG1基因 (-169～+127)区域进行剪切体分析,将LCRG1基因最小启动子定位于-169～-57．应用连接体扫描突变体分析,将关键顺式作用元件确定在-137～-122．生物信息学提示该区存在SP1、E2F1/DP1、EKLF和ZF9转录因子结合位点．利用已知反式作用因子与报告基因质粒进行共转染,提示Spl为有效的反式作用因子,且能上调LCRG1基因的表达．凝胶迁移阻滞实验确定LCRG1基因关键的顺式作用元件区域具有Spl结合位点．LCRG1基因启动子-137～-122片段在该基因表达过程中可能起重要作用,为LCRG1基因功能研究提供了新的证据．     

纤维介素基因hfgl2启动子的SARS冠状病毒核心蛋白反应元件初步分析

 SARS冠状病毒核心蛋白对hfgl2纤维介素基因有激活作用,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western印迹已验证了hfgl2基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达.为进一步明确在SARS冠状病毒核心蛋白刺激下,hfgl2纤维介素基因5′端非编码区对转录激活起重要作用的转录调控序列,构建了一系列hfgl2 基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因质粒,将其与SARS冠状病毒核心蛋白真核表达质粒共转染CHO细胞.结果表明,转染前3个质粒hfgl2p(－1334)LUC、hfgl2p(－997)LUC、hfgl2p(－816)LUC的细胞的相对荧光素酶活性无显著改变;但转染hfgl2p( 468)LUC 质粒的细胞荧光素酶的活性较前明显降低,说明在hfgl2 基因启动子－816位至－468位（相对于转录起始点）之间存在着激活该基因的调控序列.本研究在一定程度上从分子水平揭示了SARS冠状病毒蛋白与宿主纤维介素基因之间的关系.     

酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cereuisiae）基因启动子的分离和鉴定

肜动子探针载体ｐＦＲ１０９从酿酒酵母总ＤＮＡ中克隆到多个启动子片段,它们在大肠杆菌中均能启动β－半乳糖苷酶基因因的表达。对其中Ｙ８片段的进一步分析结果表明：该片段不仅来自酿酒酵母基因组,而且是以多拷贝的形式存在。当Ｙ８片段再次转入供体酵母时它仍能动β－半乳糖苷酶基因表达,但经次克隆去牛Ｙ片段５端部分顺序后,它就失去了启动子的功能。     

毕赤氏酵母醇氧化酶-2基因启动子突变体的分离和鉴定

巴斯毕赤我苯酵母表达系统已被广泛用于生产外源蛋白的寄主菌。利用该系统将外源基因整合交换到染色体上时,ＡＯＸ１基因被破力的甲醇利用缓慢,给发本报生产千古 定影响。在不改变现有表达系统前提下,从ＡＯＸＩ功能缺陷 株分离出Ｍｕｔ＾＋自发突变化突变体,通过突变体在甲醇培养基中生长曲线的测定,ＨＳＡ表达产物的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,证明突变体的甲醇利用能力和蛋白表达比原始菌株大大提高,突变体ＡＯＸ２基因上游     

水稻miRNA3026启动子及硫氧还蛋白基因OsTxnDC9的克隆与分析

硫氧还原蛋白基因 OsTxnDC9 是水稻miRNA3026的宿主基因。克隆出了水稻miRNA3026启动子,其总长度为1 477bp;构建出4个缺失片段,瞬时表达表明这个启动子为弱启动子。在此基础上克隆出水稻硫氧还原蛋白 OsTxnDC9 基因,其长度为480bp。生物信息学表明 OsTxnDC9 基因编码的氨基酸序列与二穗短柄草硫氧还原蛋白基因编码的氨基酸(XP_003573612.1)序列同源性最高。荧光定量PCR发现OsTxnDC9在水稻花粉一核中表达量最高,亚细胞定位表明其主要在细胞质中表达。这为探索miRNA3026启动子和宿主基因的关系奠定了基础。     

拟南芥高迁移率族蛋白B（AtHMGB）族基因启动子的转录激活功能分析

为了解高迁移率族蛋白B族（high mobility group protein B,HMGB）基因调控植物响应低温、高盐和干旱等外源胁迫的表达调控方式, 本文克隆了拟南芥AtHMGB前5个家族成员的启动子区域（PAtHMGB1,PAtHMGB2,PAtHMGB3,PAtHMGB4和PAtHMGB5）.运用基因重组技术将其分别替换表达载体上35S启动子区域获得重组表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法侵染烟草获得稳定表达的转基因烟草. 运用实时定量PCR检测上述5种启动子的转基因烟草,观察在外源胁迫（低温、高盐和干旱）处理前后gusA基因的表达差异,同时检测转基因烟草种子在不同外源胁迫条件下的萌发状况. 检测结果证实,在低温胁迫下,PAtHMGB2,PAtHMGB3和PAtHMGB4正调控gusA基因的表达,而在干旱或盐胁迫下,gusA基因的表达被PAtHMGB2和PAtHMGB3负调控. 种子萌发结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,PAtHMGB2调控下的转基因烟草比野生型烟草萌发及生长迟缓|在低温胁迫下,PAtHMGB2调控的转基因烟草长势明显强于野生型. 本研究克隆了拟南芥AtHMGB家族前5个成员启动子,分析其生物学功能发现,PAtHMGB2在响应低温和干旱胁迫方面效果尤为显著.     

Differentiation of Coxiella burnetii by Sequence Analysis of the Gene (com1) Encoding a 27-kDa Outer Membrane Protein

The gene (com1) encoding a 27-kDa outer membrane protein in 21 strains of Coxiella burnetii from a variety of clinical and geographical sources was sequenced for strain differentiation. The com1 gene was highly conserved among all the strains tested but there were several differences in nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences. Based on the com1 gene-specific nucleotides and deduced amino acids, the 21 strains were divided into four groups. Group 1 contained 14 strains originating from ticks, cattle and human cases of acute Q fever. Groups 2 and 3 included 2 and 3 strains, respectively, originating from human cases of chronic Q fever. Group 4 contained 2 strains originating from a human case of acute Q fever and a goat with abortion. The results indicated that the strains originating from ticks, cattle and human cases of acute Q fever differed at the molecular level from those of human chronic Q fever. This study suggests that a sequence analysis of the com1 gene can be used for strain differentiation of C. burnetii.     

Molecular Cloning of emip,a Member of the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Gene Family,Preferentially Expressed in Epidermal Cells of Barley Leaves

Cloning and characterization of a barley gene named emip is reported that encodes a member of the major intrinsic protein family. A λ-unizap cDNA library synthesized from poly A⁺?mRNA of leaf epidermis was screened differentially with epidermis-versus mesophyll-derived probes. One of the clones epi 3-2 was sequenced and further analyzed. The open reading frame of the full length clone codes for a polypeptide of 288 amino acids with a molecular mass of 30,634 Da exhibiting a high degree of homology with members of the major intrinsic protein family. Hydropathy analysis predicts six potential membrane-spanning helices. mRNA levels were high in the growing zone of barley leaves and declined towards the tip of the fully expanded leaf blade. Expression was high in epidermal strips, lower in roots and very low in the leaf mesophyll. In order of decreasing response, wilting, salt shock and heat shock resulted in stimulated expression. mRNA levels remained low during slow salting up experiments. The expressional pattern suggests a role of EMIP in turgor regulation, particularly under stress.     

Selection and Methionine Accumulation in the Fat Body Protein 2 Gene (FBP2), a Duplicate of the Drosophila Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) Gene

The Drosophila fat body protein 2 gene (Fbp2) is an ancient duplication of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) which encodes a protein that differs substantially from ADH in its methionine content. In D. melanogaster, there is one methionine in ADH, while there are 51 (20% of all amino acids) in FBP2. Methionine is involved in 46% of amino acid replacements when Fbp2 DNA sequences are compared between D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura. Methionine accumulation does not affect conserved residues of the ADH-ADH^r-FBP2 multigene family. The multigene family has evolved by replacement of mildly hydrophobic amino acids by methionine with no apparent reversion. Its short-term evolution was compared between two Drosophila species, while its long-term evolution was compared between two genera belonging respectively to acalyptrate and calyptrate Diptera, Drosophila and Sarcophaga. The pattern of nucleotide substitution was consistent with an independent accumulation of methionines at the Fbp2 locus in each lineage. Under a steady-state model, the rate of methionine accumulation was constant in the lineage leading to Drosophila, and was twice as fast as that in the calyptrate lineage. Substitution rates were consistent with a slight positive selective advantage for each methionine change in about one-half of amino acid sites in Drosophila. This shows that selection can potentially account for a large proportion of amino acid replacements in the molecular evolution of proteins. Received: 12 December 1994 / Accepted: 15 April 1996