Triuridopsis,a new monotypic genus inTriuridaceae

The new monotypic genusTriuridopsis from Peru is described. A key to the genera ofTriuridaceae worldwide is given.     

Aschistanthera, a monotypic new genus for Vietnam (Melastomataceae)

The new genus Aschistanthera and its only species, Aschistanthera cristanthera , are described. Characteristics additional to the diagnosis are emphasized and parts of flowers and fruits and its distribution are illustrated.     

Phylogenetic systematics of the monotypic genus Hayataella (Rubiaceae) endemic to Taiwan

Hayataella (Rubiaceae) is a monotypic genus endemic to Taiwan that comprises H. michelloides. In recent years, Hayataella was considered to be synonymous with Ophiorrhiza; however, no specific data have been reported, and the systematic treatment of Hayataella has been unclear. To elucidate the systematic treatment of Hayataella, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS of nrDNA, atpB–rbcL, and trnK/matK of cpDNA were conducted with four Ophiorrhiza species. In the Bayesian and the most parsimonious trees, H. michelloides was included in the Ophiorrhiza clade. The monotypic status of Hayataella is, therefore, not considered appropriate, and the combination Ophiorrhiza michelloides (Masam.) H. S. Lo is supported.     

A new monotypic genus of a parmulariaceous dictyosporous ascomycetes from Taiwan

A new monotypic ascomycete genus, Dictyocyclns gen. nov. with D. hydrangeae sp. nov. as its type, is described and illustrated. It is placed in the family Parmulariaceae and it is the second genus in that family with dictyoseptate ascospores. It is compared with Aldonata the only other member of the family with similar ascospores.     

Agouticarpa, a new neotropical genus of Tribe Gardenieae (Rubiaceae)

Agouticarpa, a new genus of the informalAlibertia group (Rubiaceae), is described and illustrated. It comprises six species, and occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Three species are here described as new:Agouticarpa grandistipula, A. hirsuta, andA. velutina. Additionally, three new combinations are made:A. curvifolia andA. williamsii (previously inGenipa) andA. isernii (previously inAlibertia). Agouticarpa is characterized by being dioecious, having elliptic to abovate, membranaceous stipules, male flowers in a branched dichasial or thyrse-like inflorescence, a poorly developed cup-shaped calyx, pollen grains with 3–7 apertures, and large globose fruits.     

Neomussaenda (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Borneo

A new genus, Neomussaenda is described to accommodate the species Greenea xanthophytoides and the new species Neomussaenda kostermansiana , described here. Neomussaenda is endemic to Borneo and differs from the genus Greenea in the induplicate-valvate aestivation, shape and indumentum of the corolla, heterostyly, bifid stipules, pollen morphology, seed exotestal cells with tuberculate inner wall, ideoblasts filled with numerous minute druses, and fruits not opening while attached to the inflorescence, but may open later loculicidally by decay. It is close to the genera Pseudonmussaenda and Schizomussaenda , with which it shares the induplicate-valvate aestivation and fruits with a splitting zone for loculicidaly dehiscence. Neomussaenda is placed in the tribe Isertieae.     

Nested clade analysis of Dunnia sinensis (Rubiaceae), a monotypic genus from China based on organelle DNA sequences

Dunnia sinensis, a monotypic genus of theRubiaceae endemic to the southeast mainlandChina, is an endangered species due to habitatdestruction over the past decades. Informationon levels and apportionment of geneticvariation across populations and geographicalregions is fundamental to conservation. In thepresent study, we used organelle DNA variationand nested phylogeographic analyses to test theisolation-by-distance model in this specieswith wind-mediated seed-dispersal and todistinguish ongoing gene flow from historicalprocesses. As expected, low levels of geneticvariation were detected at the ribosomal ITSregion of mtDNA ( = 0.0019± 0.0002) and the atpB-rbcLintergenic spacer of cpDNA ( =0.0022 ± 0.0009) in the rare species. Sixand seven haplotypes of mt- and cpDNA wereidentified from 125 individuals, respectively,according to the reconstructed neighbor-joiningtrees. Both data sets suggested consistentphylogenies that recovered two differentiatedlineages corresponding to western (Yangchun)and eastern (four others populations) portionsof the range. Hierarchical analyses of themolecular variance (AMOVA) of mt- and cpDNAindicated that molecular variance wasattributable to the difference between regions(ct = 0.911 and 0.771 for mt- and cpDNA,respectively) in D. sinensis. Based ongeographic distributions of haplotypes in thehaplotype networks, significant geneticdifferentiation between the two geographicregions, which can be seen as evolutionarilyconservation units, was associated withhistorical fragmentation. In contrast, limitedgene flow with occasional long-range dispersalshaped the apportionment of organelle DNAalleles among populations of the easternregion, within which two incompletely isolatedphylogeographic groups can be recognized asconservation units for management.     

Habroneuron Standley,a little-known genus of Mexican Rubiaceae

Lindenia radicans is found to be conspecific withHabroneuron mexicanum; the combinationH. radicans is made. Monotypic and known from only two Oaxacan collections,Habroneuron exhibits an unusual leaf venation, which is described and illustrated. A relationship with the tribe Rondeletieae is suggested.     

Carterella (Rubiaceae), new genus from Baja California,Mexico

Carterella is described as a new genus based on Bouvardia alexanderae, endemic to Baja California Sur, Mexico. Closest relationships are to the Houstonia mucronata group, but qualitative differences in seed characters and striking quantitative differences in floral characters provide evidence for recognition of a new monotypic genus.     

Riodocea (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae), a new genus from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

The genusRiodocea is here described from material collected in the várzea forest of the Rio Doce Valley, northern Espírito Santo.Riodocea is a monotypic genus probably related to the Amazonian endemicKutchubaea. A line drawing shows general morphology and photomicrographs show pollen morphology ofRiodocea pulcherrima. Distribution maps ofRiodocea andKutchubaea are included. The valley of the Rio Doce is here included in the Bahian Hylaea, defined as a subregion of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The connections between the Amazonian Hylaea and the Bahian Hylaea are discussed.     

Misbrookea, a new monotypic genus removed from Werneria s.1. (Compositae: Senecioneae)

A new genus is described based on a species formerly found in Werneria s.1. It is named after a collector, Miss Winifred M. A. Brooke. The new genus, Misbrookea, is confined to dry, high-elevation areas in Peru and northern Bolivia. It is distinguished by its unusual, long, multicellular hairs that cover the leaves and involucre of the plant, the style apices with long, multicellular hairs and apparent vascular traces, and the pale or silvery gray-green color of the leaves and involucre.     

A new genus of taeniapterine Micropezidae (Diptera) from the Mascarene Islands

Abstract. Courtoisia , a new genus of rarely encountered taeniapterine Micropezidae (Diptera), is described from the Mascarene Islands of Réunion and Mauritius. The affinities of Courtoisia with other Old World genera of Taeniap-terinae, most notably those from the Afrotropical Region, are discussed. A possible derivation of Courtoisia from ancestral stock of the African genus Cephalosphen Hennig, 1934 is suggested. A tentative theory to explain the dispersal of a founder population from Africa to the Mascarene Islands is discussed. Courtoisia was erected to accommodate Calobata apicalis and C.trinotata , both described from Réunion by Macquart in 1851. Both species are redescribed on the basis of all available material and a lectotype is designated for Calobata trinotata. A key to the species of Courtoisia is presented.     

Systematic anatomy of Oceanopapaver, a monotypic genus of the Gapparaceae from New Caledonia

Evidence from vegetative anatomy, reproductive morphology, and palynology does not support a relationship of Oceanopapaver with Cistaceae, Cruciferae, Flacourtiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Tiliaceae, but suggests placement of the genus in Capparaceae. The apparent occurrence of myrosin cells, among other features, effectively excludes all of the aforenoted families except Capparaceae and Cruciferae. However, multicellular non-glandular trichomes, bracteate inflorescences, sepals and petals each occasionally other than four per flower, presence of an androgynophore, numerous stamens, tricolporate and binucleate pollen, the unilocular mature ovary, the stipitate fruit, and the exotegmic seed in Oceanopapaver favour Capparaceae over Cruciferae. Floral histology and vasculature provide no clues about the relationships of Oceanopapaver. A few features are anomalous, most notably the presence of secretory canals and secretory cells in the genus versus their absence in Capparaceae and their rarity in Cruciferae, the trichomic floral nectary in the genus versus the massive, non-trichomic nectaries in these two families, and the straight embryo in the genus versus the more or less curved or folded embryo in the two families. The fleshy endosperm in Oceanopapaver has counterparts in a few Capparaceae, contrary to previous claims that endosperm is absent or scanty in this family. The report of stamen fascicle traces for Oceanopapaver is the first for Capparaceae, but these should be sought elsewhere in the family. Within Capparaceae the genus fits best in Capparoideae compared to Cleomoideae or the nine other very restrictive subfamilies variously proposed for Capparaceae. There is no justification for the monotypic segregate Oceanopapaveraceae. The phylogenetic and functional anatomy of vegetative and reproductive structures is discussed.     

Oldenlandiopsis (Rubiaceae), a new genus from the Caribbean Basin,based on Oldenlandia callitrichoides Grisebach

A new genus,Oldenlandiopsis, is proposed, based onOldenlandia callitrichoides Griseb., native to the West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America. Relationships toOldenlandia andLucya, the latter with 6-aperturate pollen, are discussed. The major character differences between the new genus andOldenlandia are in pollen structure, chromosome number, capsule shape and dehiscence, and seed shape and number.     

Correllia (Compositae: Peritylinae) : A new monotypic genus from southern Chihuahua,Mexico

A new genus,Correllia, and its single species,C. montana, are described from Sierra Mohinora in southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. The genus belongs in subtribe Peritylinae (Compositae tribe Helenieae) and appears to be most closely related toPerityle.     

A description of Agema,a new monotypic pentastomid genus from the lungs of the African dwarf and slender-snouted crocodiles

The lungs of wild-caught and market-derived crocodiles, including 15 dwarf crocodiles Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope and one slender-snouted crocodile Crocodylus cataphractus Cuvier were dissected for pentastomids. Of the three species recovered, one, found in both hosts, accounted for 66% of the specimens (N = 236) and most of these (N = 150) came from a single host. On the basis of these specimens a new genus, Agema, is described. The type-series consisted of nine adult males and five adult females, together with a complete sequence of instars beginning with the double-hooked infective nymph which gains entry to crocodiles when these consume infected fish intermediate hosts. The evidence suggests that three instars separate the adult female from this infective instar, whereas only two are required in the case of males. Adult males are claviform and females are banana-shaped; in both sexes the tiny trapezoid head is strongly united with the abdomen. Males possess 52–58 abdominal annuli, females 58–63, and this number does not change with increasing age. The terminal part of the abdomen of females is abruptly tapered to a bluntly rounded point. Adult hook morphology is identical in both sexes; hooks are smooth with a gently curved barb and they become progressively more chitinised with each ecdysis. The buccal cadre is bridged anteriorly by chitin which appears to be crescentic when viewed from the ventral aspect and another crescent is present towards the pharynx – such a structure most closely resembles that of certain members of the genus Sebekia. The closest counterpart of the Agema male copulatory spicule is also found within this genus, but the two genera have very different hook morphologies. Infective Agema nymphs (= instar I) have large, strongly recurved hooks overlain by a spike which is typical of all members of the family Sebekidae. However, all but one of the succeeding instars have smooth hooks and, uniquely, instar III has a patch of minute spines at the base of the hook blade. The fulcrum of both instars II and III is provided with an anterior extension in the form of a delicate cowl into which hooks can probably retract. In adult males and pre-adult females (instar IV) and adult females (instar V), this is absent. Small differences in hook size between the anterior and posterior hooks, mostly accounted for by the blade, and apparent in all instars except instar I, are most pronounced in the final instar of both sexes. Smooth, gently curved hooks, and a singular permutation of characteristics (notably mouth morphology, body shape and the form of the copulatory spicule), which are important in the generic diagnosis of three other genera within the family Sebekiidae (Alofia, Sebekia and Selfia), define this new genus.