巴豆属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

综述近年来巴豆属植物化学成分及其活性成分和药理作用。提出在化学成分、构效关系、药理等方面均需要进一步开展深入研究的建议。     

悬钩子属植物化学成分及生物活性研究新进展

悬钩子属植物是传统药用植物,本文综述了该属植物的化学成分及生物活性方面的研究进展,主要对其中的二萜及三萜类成分作了总结,引用文献30篇。     

天然黄酮类化合物的构效关系最新研究进展

天然黄酮类化合物以其在抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗炎、肝脏保护和降血糖方面的高活性成为天然产物的研究热点。近年来,关于天然黄酮类化合物的提取和纯化、结构分析、生物利用度和药理活性有许多报道。本文对天然黄酮类化合物的构效关系的研究进展进行综述,旨在为天然黄酮类化合物未来发展和利用提供参考。     

假木贼属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

综述了到目前为止发表的有关假木贼属的化学成分,主要为生物碱,对这些化合物的生物活性也作了简要的概括。     

药用女贞属植物化学成分的研究进展

在约50种女贞属植物中已进行化学成分研究的有15种,从该类植物中提取分析出一百多种化合物,其中大部分是结构新颖的活性化合物。主要有单萜类,三萜类,环烯醚萜类,裂环烯醚萜类,黄酮类,苯乙醇类,挥发油和其它化合物,本文综述了从该属植物中得到的各类化学成分的结构和^13C-NMR谱图数据。     

美登木属植物三萜类化学成分及生物活性研究进展

对近10年来从美登木属植物中新发现的三萜类化合物的结构类型和生物活性进行了综述;指出了研究中存在的不足并提出了今后的研究方向。     

苯乙醇苷类成分构效关系研究进展

苯乙醇苷类成分在药用植物中广泛存在,生物活性明显且低毒安全,具有潜在的药用开发价值。本文首次以构效关系为主线,综述了近二十年来该类成分在抗氧化和自由基清除、抗肿瘤、神经元保护、肝脏保护、止痛、抗病毒、抗菌等方面的研究进展。该综述为今后进一步从结构角度较全面地深入探讨苯乙醇苷类成分的生物活性提供了理论依据。     

骨碎补属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

骨碎补属植物的一些种常当作中药骨碎补药用。为了明确骨碎补属植物与中药骨碎补主流产品槲蕨的差异,在此对骨碎补属植物的化学成分及生物活性研究进展进行了综述,并与中国药典收载中药骨碎补的唯一来源植物槲蕨进行比较。开展国产骨碎补属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

马兜铃属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

本文从化学成分和生物活性两方面综述了马兜铃属（Ａｒｉｏｓｔｏｌｏｃｈｉａ Ｌ．）植物近十几年来的研究进展,为马兜铃属植物的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

紫杉醇构效关系研究进展

紫杉醇是近40年从红豆杉属植物中发现的最著名的天然抗肿瘤药物,在过去30年多年间紫杉醇因其独特的结构、新颖的作用机制和显著的抗癌活性成为化学家、药理学家和生物学家的研究热点.本文对紫杉醇构效关系的研究进行了总结,提供参考文献85篇.     

枣属植物化学成分研究新进展

为充分开发利用枣属药用植物资源,本文归纳总结了近6年来该属植物化学成分研究的进展情况,新发现的成分主要是环肽生物碱类、三萜类、黄酮及其苷类等,均具有一定的药用价值。     

峨眉杠柳化学成分的研究

从峨眉杠柳中分离得到7个化合物,通过波谱学等方法鉴定为熊果酸(1),( )-1-羟基松脂酚(2),23-羟基齐墩果酸(3),β-谷甾醇(4),27-羟基-α-香树脂醇(5),胡萝卜苷(6),杠柳苷(7).其中化合物1～7为首次从峨眉杠柳中分离鉴定.     

淫羊藿属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

淫羊藿属植物是中国传统的药用植物,淫羊藿总黄酮是淫羊藿属植物中的主要活性成分,迄今从国内淫羊藿属13种植物中分离鉴定的黄酮类化合物有106种.药理研究表明,淫羊藿总黄酮具有抑制破骨细胞、促进成骨细胞生长、抗抑郁、增强免疫调节、保护心脑血管系统、抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多方面的药理活性.本文对国内外有关淫羊藿属植物的化学成分及药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究与开发利用提供参考.     

藏区金腰种质资源调查与分析

金腰属植物因富含黄酮醇类化合物而具有显著的药效,通过对我国西藏、云南、四川、青海以及甘肃5个省(自治区)进行金腰属植物种质资源的科学考察,共收集到19种(含2变种)145份野生种质资源。此外四川省发现金腰新分布2种,分别为秦岭金腰(Chrysosplenium biondianum Engl.)、陕甘金腰(Chrysosplenium qinlingense Z.P.Jien&J.T.Pan),均为中国特有种;甘肃省发现金腰新分布3种,分别为毛金腰(Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.)、绵毛金腰(Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook.f.&Thomson)和蜕叶金腰(Chrysosplenium henryi Franch.),凭证标本存于中南民族大学植物标本馆(HSN)。金腰属植物作为传统藏药长期以来被用于治疗各种疾病,如长梗金腰(Chrysosplenium axillare Maxim.)的75%乙醇提取物具抗炎症、抗流感病毒活性,从灰花金腰(Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.)与裸茎金腰(Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge)提取的五环三萜对肿瘤细胞有较强抑制效果。本调查丰富了野生藏药金腰属植物种质资源,为深入研究金腰属植物的分类与药理活性提供了基础。     

达坂山蚤缀和裸茎金腰叶绿体超微结构的研究

对高山植物达坂山蚤缀和裸茎金腰叶绿体超微结构的研究表明,叶绿体和线粒体镶嵌很紧密;基粒和基质类囊体膨大,膨大的类囊体呈梭形或圆形,没有发现脂质小球的存在;基粒叠垛程度很低,平均每个基粒类囊体的片层数为5．4。这2种高山植物叶绿体超微结构上的特征是青藏高原特殊的生态条件,包括低温、低气压、强辐射影响的结果。     

蒙椴树皮化学成分的研究

为研究蒙椴（Tilia mongolica Maxim.）树皮的化学成分,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶柱色谱、重结晶分离纯化,从蒙椴树皮中分离得到7个化合物,根据其红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱数据鉴定为β-香树脂醇乙酸酯（1）,计曼尼醇乙酸酯（2）,羽扇豆醇（3）,二十四碳酸（4）,三棕榈酸甘油酯（5）,β-谷甾醇（6）,胡萝卜苷（7）。其中化合物1-5、7均为首次从椴树属植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

滇黔金腰、大叶金腰和锈毛金腰挥发油的化学成分

从贵州省宽阔水自然保护区采集滇黔金腰、大叶金腰和锈毛金腰,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,共鉴定出85种成分,主要为十六烷酸、烷烃类、肉豆蔻酸和叶绿醇等化合物。其中,在滇黔金腰中共鉴定出48种化学成分,主要有十六烷酸(10.29%)和月桂酸(7.54%)等;在大叶金腰中共鉴定出50种化学成分,主要有邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(10.91%)和二十七烷(7.29%)等;在锈毛金腰中共鉴定出58种化学成分,主要有十六烷酸(12.66%)和三十二烷(8.15%)等。不同种金腰属植物挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,但各自挥发油化合物组成又都含有其特有化学成分。     

新疆甘草化学成分研究

从新疆甘草(GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.)根中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为:槲皮素(1)、甘草次酸(2)、阿魏酸(3)、5,7,3′,4′-四羟基-7-葡萄糖基二氢黄酮醇(4)、8,5′-二羟基3′α-鼠李糖黄酮(5)。其中化合物4,5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

肉苁蓉的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

以近10年国内外发表的文献为依据,对肉苁蓉的生物学特性及其分布作了概述,并特别对化学成分及各种主要化学成分所具有的药理作用作一综述,并展望其发展前景。     

A Study on the Genus Chrysosplenium L. from China (Cont.)

This paper deals with the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the genus Chrysosplenium L. in China. Based on the characters and evolution of the seed, capsule, disk, ovary and leaf, the species of this genus can be grouped into 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 16 series. There are 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 11 series in China. They are as follows: I. Subgen. Gamosplenium Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Leaves alternate. Lectotype: Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms. 1. Sect. Alternifolia Franch. emend. J. T. Pan Seeds smooth and glabrous. Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. (1) Ser. Nudicaulia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior, sometimes mostly inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate or suberect lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous. Type: Chrysosplenium nudicaule Maxim. (2) Ser. Alternifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk 8-lobed; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous. Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolia L. 2. Sect. Nephrophylloides Turcz. Seeds minutely papillose or pilose. Type: Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz. (1) Ser. Macrophylla Franch. emend. J. T. Pan Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal lobes; seeds minutely papillose. Type: Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv. (2) Ser. Ovalifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk generally 8-, rarely 4-, lobed, papillae absent around disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule subtruncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose or pilose. Type: Chrysosplenium ovalifolium M. Bieb. ex Bunge (3) Ser. Lanuginosa Hara, emend. J. T. Pan Papillae numerous, brown around reduced disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose. Type: Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook. f. et Thoms. II. Subgen. Chrysosplenium Leaves opposite. Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. 1. Sect. Trichosperma J. T. Pan, sect. nov. Capsule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal, suberect or divergent lobes. Type: Chrysosplenium trichospermum Edgew. ex Hook. f. et Thoms. This section is divided into 4 series in the world, with only 1 in China. (1) Ser. Nepalensia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk obscure or absent; ovary generally mostly inferior; cassule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal and suberect or divergent lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous. Type: Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don 2. Sect. Grayana J. T. Pan, sect. nov. Capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes. Type: Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. This section consists of 4 series in the world, with 3 series in China. (1) Ser. Sinica Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-superior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose. Type: Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim. (2) Ser. Esulcata Franch. emend. J. T. Pan Disk (4)-8-lobed; ovary generally half-inferior; capsule bilobed with unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose or pilose. Lectotype: Chrysosplenium dubium J. Gayex DC. (3) Ser. pilosa maxim. emend. J. T. Pan Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally ll-18-costate and minutely papillose or tuberculate on the ridge. Type: Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim. 3. Sect. Chrysosplenium Capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes. Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. (1) Ser. Romosa J. T. Pan, ser. nov. Disk distinctly 8-lobed, papillae sparse, brown around disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous. Type: Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim. This series is monospecific one, also occurring in China, namely C. ramosum Maxim. (2) Ser. Delavayi Hara Disk distinctly 8-lobed, Papillae sparse, brown around the disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally 10-16-costate and transversely striate on the ridge. Type: Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch. This series can be considered as the most advanced one in the Chrysaspleninm L. So far, the Chrysosplenium L. comprises 64 species in the world, among which 1 species is found in North Africa, 2 in South America, 4 in Europe, 5 in North America, 56 in Asia, of which 3 occur in Sikkim, 5 Bhutan, 5 Mongolia, 6 north Burma, 6 Korea, 7 north India, 8 Nepal, 12 Japan, 17 U.S.S.R. (of which 3 also in Europe), 34 China (including 22 endemic species and 3 new species). In China, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces and Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi each has only 1 species, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Hebei Provinces and Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each has 2, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces each has 3, Qinghai Province 4, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guizhou Provinces each has 5, Jilin and Hubei Provinces each has 6, Gausu Province 8, Shaanxi Province and Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region each has 10, Yunnan Province has 11, Sichuan Province has 14. Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the north temperate zone of Asia, and the region covering Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang may be regarded as an important part of this centre. The 7 species of Ser. Nudicaula Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan can be considered as the most primitive ones in this genus. They are mostly distributed in Shaanxi (Qin Ling), south Gansu, southeast Qinghai, southwest Sichuan and nothwest Yunnan of China. This region may be considered as the centre of the origin (or at least differentiation) of this genus. The new species and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: C. hydrocotylifolium Levl. et Vant. var. emeiense J. T. Pan, C. taibaishanense J. T. Pan, C. lixianense Jien ex J. T. Pan, C. qinlingense Jien ex J. T. Pan.