New names inPhanerogamae 4

New nomenclatural combinations or new names are proposed for 80 taxa, including 75 for species and hybrids at specific level, three for subspecies and two for hybrid genera.Honorius S. F. Gray 1821 (type:Ornithogalum nutans L. 1753) is accepted as a taxonomically justified generic segregate ofOrnithogalum L. Separation ofPoterium L. fromSanguisorba L. at generic level is emphasized. Problems of taxonomic classification of morphotypes inXanthium L. subg.Xanthium are briefly discussed.     

Some scelionid egg-parasites reared from coffee bugs (Antestiopsis spp.) and from some unusual pentatomid hosts

Six species of scelionid egg-parasites of several species of pentatomids including the major coffee pestsAntestiopsis spp. were used for rearing experiments in eggs of species other than their normal host. One species,Gryon antestiae (Dodd), laid in eggs of 4 genera of pentatomids and bred satisfactorily in eggs of 3 of them. Although the normal host of this parasite isAntestiöpsis experiments showed thatAgonoscelis versicolor (F.) is also a very satisfactory host, but though these pentatomids are sympatric the parasite has never been recorded fromAgonoscelis in the field. Experiments withTelenomus seychellensis Kieffer andGryon antestiae showed that they could breed satisfactorily in unfertilized eggs ofAntestiopsis and as these eggs remain in good condition long after fertilized eggs have hatched this must be a factor contributing to the maintenance of parasite populations in the field.     

The scleractinian genusHydnophora (revision of Tertiary species)

This report presents a systematic revision of the Tertiary species of the common reef-building coralHydnophora. Major diagnostic characters of the various Tertiary genera that have been commonly confused withHydnophora (Leptoria,Monticulastraea, Staminocoenia, Michelottiphyllia andAngeliphyllia) are defined and subsequently compared in order to establish differences and synonymies. With the exception ofLeptoria, all other genera are considered synonyms ofHydnophora. The forty-five Tertiary species ascribed toHydnophora, or to synonymous genera, have been revised and type material analyzed. Collected material from Oligocene Italian localities and Miocene localities from Somalia and Pakistan has been also analyzed in order to provide a consistent taxonomy for distinguishing species within the genus, especially for the Mediterranean Tertiary. According to this report, of the forty-five species ofHydnophora previously described, only twenty-one appear to be distinct. The Tertiary distribution of the genus, which started in the Late Paleocene, clearly shows that species richness increased significantly from Paleocene to Miocene. Originations of species were mostly concentrated during two time intervals, respectively the Chattian for the Mediterranean and the Burdigalian for Eastern Tethys. As regards the Mediterranean, the genus developed only during Chattian time with five fully described species. The genus became extinct in both Caribbean and western-central Mediterranean regions at the end of the Oligocene and subsequently developed in eastern Tethys regions during the Miocene. A new name is proposed for the only Paleocene species:Hydnophora gregoryi.     

Chromosome numbers and generic relationships in subtribe Stephanomeriinae (Compositae: Ichorieae)

Chromosome numbers are reported from over 230 populations representing species in eight genera. First counts are reported for three species ofStephanomeria, five species ofLygodesmia, and one species ofPinaropappus. Base chromosome numbers,x = 6, 7, 8, and 9 are known in the subtribe;x = 9 is found in six of the 12 genera and presumably is the ancestral base number for the subtribe. Two phyletic lines, aMalacothrix line and aStephanomeria line are recognized on morphological grounds. A key to the 12 genera is provided.     

A MOLECULAR APPROACH TO THE CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF SOME GENERA SEGREGATED FROMPARMELIAS. LAT.

New sequences have been produced of the ITS rDNA region of twenty-nine species ofParmeliaceae, and analysed by neighbour-joining maximum likelihood distance analysis, and maximum parsimony analysis. Twelve monophyletic groups have been identified, most of which correspond to proposed generic segregated fromParmelias. lat.ParmeliaandParmelina,Melanelia, andPuncteliaappear as independent monophyletic groups; the type species of the two latter genera were, however, not included in the analysis. The parsimony analysis does not supportXanthoparmeliaas a monophyletic group separate fromNeofuscelia, andRimelia reticulatais nested withinParmotrema. Parmelinopsis horrescensis more closely related toHypotrachyna revolutathan toParmelina. Genetic distance values suggest thatFlavoparmelia caperatais closer toParmotremathan to other taxa included, and thatPlatismatia glaucaandHypogymnia tubulosaare closer toParmelias. lat. than to thePhysciaceae. However, there is no conclusive support for any of the latter groupings in the parsimony analysis. We conclude that the ITS region contains valuable information for studying generic delimitations within the familyParmeliaceae, but our study suggests that this region will not conclusively resolve within-family relationships in this group.     

Foliar appendages in certain species ofSalvia (studies inLamiaceae VI)

Foliar appendages of eight species ofSalvia L. have been studied. Eleven types of non glandular and five types of glandular appendages have been observed. They have been classified under three major categories: (1) glandular capitate; (2) non glandular filiform and (3) non glandular capitate. Five new types of trichomes have been reported fromLamiaceae for the first time. On the basis of trichome types different species ofSalvia can be identified. A tentative key has been presented.     

The genusMicromeles revisited

Micromeles Decaisne emend.Koehne (Rosaceae, Maloideae) is shown to be generically distinct fromSorbus L. emend.Crantz. Problems in the taxonomy of the genus are reviewed. The genus appears to be most closely related toRaphiolepis Lindl. but is readily distinguished by a constant set of characters. Both genera may be derived fromSorbus L. emend.Crantz subg.Aria Pers. Analysis of morphological characters is provided. A survey for flavonoids revealed the presence of vitexin and/or luteolin 7-O-glucoside in some members of the genus in a pattern similar to that found in certain Asian species ofSorbus. There are also brief taxonomic notes on some of the species which were examined.     

Nodulation patterns of actinorhizal plants in the family rosaceae

Patterns of nodulation, growth, andFrankia — host specificity have not been well characterized for the actinorhizal genera in the family Rosaceae because of the scarcity ofFrankia isolates from these taxa. Furthermore, the few isolates available from actinorhizal Rosaceae have consistently failed to nodulate plants from the host genus. In a series of experiments, species of rosaceousDryas, Cowania, Cercocarpus, Fallugia, andPurshia were inoculated withFrankia isolates, crushedDryas actinorhizae, and neoglacial soils to ascertain whether any of these inocula would effectively induce nodulation. Neoglacial soils from Alaska and Canada nodulated not only the localDryas drummondii, but alsoCercocarpus betuloides, Cowania mexicana andPurshia tridentata from distant and ecologically diverse locales as well as nonrosaceous, actinorhizal species ofAlnus, Elaeagnus, Myrica, andShepherdia. But of eightFrankia isolates, including two fromPurshia tridentata and one fromCowania mexicana, none were able to induce nodulation onPurshia orCowania species. Globular, actinorhizae-like nodules incapable of acetylene reduction were produced onC. betuloides inoculated withFrankia isolates. Crushed nodule suspensions fromDryas drummondii nodulated rosaceousCowania, Dryas andPurshia, as well as non-rosaceousElaeagnus, Myrica, andShepherdia species. Nodules produced by inoculation ofCowania mexicana andPurshia tridentata with crushed, dried nodule suspensions fromDryas drummondii reduced acetylene to ethylene, indicating nitrogenase activity for these nodulated plants. These data suggest that a similar microsymbiont infects the actinorhizal genera in the family Rosaceae.     

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LICHEN FAMILY UMBILICARIACEAE BASED ON NUCLEAR ITS1 AND ITS2 rDNA SEQUENCES

Abstract: The lichen family Umbilicariaceae is accepted by most lichenologists as consisting of two genera, Lasallia and Umbilicaria. The monophyly of these two genera was examined by phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA. Sequences of these regions from three Lasallia and 17Umbilicaria species were aligned to those of seven representatives of the outgroup taxa including Eurotiales, Onygenales and Caliciales (Mycocaliciaceae) and subjected to maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses supported the monophyly of the representative species of Lasallia. However, the species of Umbilicaria did not form a monophyletic sister-group to Lasallia due to the basal placement of otherUmbilicaria species in some analyses. Based on these analyses, if Lasallia is recognized as a separate genus thenUmbilicaria appears to be paraphyletic. Although further taxon sampling is required to resolve the monophyly ofUmbilicaria , for the present we recommend retaining the current treatment of Lasallia as separate fromUmbilicaria .     

Classification ofAthyrium and allied genera of Japan

The classification ofAthyrium sensu lato is revised on the basis of evidence from anatomical and morphological observations. Although parallelism is found in several characteristics, stipe base, groove of frond axis, laminar margin, venation, sorus and dermal appendage are important to classify the genus and elucidate the relationship within it.Athyrium sensu lato is divided into four generaAthyrium, Cornopteris, Deparia andDiplazium, small genera being referred toAthyrium orDiplazium, Deparia is construed in a broad sense to includeAthyriopsis, Dryoathyrium andLunathyrium. The four genera with infrageneric groups or sections are described in detail. Among the genera,Athyrium, particularly theA. puncticaule group, may be considered to have primitive characteristics, andCornopteris may have been derived fromAthyrium by abortion of the indusia.Cystopteris is also related toAthyrium on the basis of reniform sori inC. douglasii.     

Pollen differences between Stylisma and Bonamia (Convolvulaceae)

Although discounted in a monograph recognizingStylisma as distinct fromBonamia, pollen morphology is useful in distinguishing these genera, Light and scanning electron microscopy show that the pollen ofStylisma is characterized by an advanced 3-aggrecolpate aperture totaling 12 or 15 colpi, while pollen ofBonamia is typically of a primitive 3-colpate type.     

Relationships of the dissected elaphoglossoid ferns

The pedately dividedElaphoglossum cardenasii and the two small genera,Peltapteris andMicrostaphyla, are found to have close relatives among the entire-bladed species ofElaphoglossum, supporting the view that all the dissected forms should be considered as species ofElaphoglossum. Necessary nomenclatural changes are made.     

Notes on calycophyllous Rubiaceae. Part I. Morphological comparisons of the genera Chimarrhis,Bathysa, and Calycophyllum,with new combinations and a new species,Chimarrhis gentryana

A comparison of some genera of the Condaminecae (Rubiaceae) with a few taxa of closely related tribes (Rondeletieae, Calycophylleae, and Cinchoneae) revealed that some species ofChimarrhis (Condamineeae s. 1.),Bathysa (Rondeletieae), andCalycophyllum (Calycophylleae) are often misassigned to genera. The taxonomic significance of calycophylls is discussed; the generic boundaries ofChimarrhis, Bathysa, andCalycophyllum are reevaluated; and their similarities and differences are discussed. As a result, a new calycophyllous species ofChimarrhis from the Amazon,C. gentryana, is described, two of its species are transferred toBathysa (B. Bathysoides, B. perijaënsis), and one species ofBathysa (B. difformis) is reduced to synonymy underChimarrhis (C. turbinata).