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1.
PLMT家族成员SET7/9的非组蛋白甲基化作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
SET7/9是蛋白赖氨酸甲基化转移酶(protein lysine methyltransferases,PLMTs或PKMTs)家族成员,具有SET结构域。现已发现SET7/9是一种赖氨酸单甲基化转移酶,除了能使组蛋白H3第四位赖氨酸(lysine4 of histone 3,H3K4)单甲基化外,更重要的能使一些转录因子、肿瘤抑制因子、膜相关受体等非组蛋白单甲基化,其甲基化作用主要与蛋白稳定和转录活化有关。该效应受赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶1(lysine specifcdemethylase,LSD1)的抑制。SET7/9与LSD1两者效应的平衡对维持体内活性蛋白质含量、调节基因表达具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
植物SABATH甲基转移酶是甲基转移酶家族中重要的一类,该家族以最先发现的3个家族成员的基因名称缩写命名,是一类能够催化植物激素和小分子化合物的羧基和N原子甲基化的酶,在植物激素及相关信号分子代谢中行使了重要的生物学功能。研究表明,SABATH甲基转移酶不仅直接参与调控植物激素代谢、挥发性化合物的合成,还能通过改变植物次生代谢影响有益和有害昆虫的行为,从而帮助植物完成生命周期,保护植物免受病虫危害。本文简要综述SABATH甲基转移酶的分类及其在植物生长、病虫害防御反应等生物过程中的作用的研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
DNA甲基化是最主要的表观遗传修饰之一,主要发生在胞嘧啶第五位碳原子上,称为5-甲基胞嘧啶。哺乳动物DNA甲基化由从头DNA甲基转移酶DNMT3A/3B在胚胎发育早期建立。细胞分裂过程中甲基化模式的维持由DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1实现。TET家族蛋白氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶成为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-醛基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶,从而起始DNA的去甲基化过程。这些DNA甲基化修饰酶精确调节DNA甲基化的动态过程,在整个生命发育过程中发挥重要作用,其失调也与多种疾病发生密切相关。本文对近年来DNA甲基化修饰酶的结构与功能研究进行讨论。  相似文献   

4.
DNA甲基化失调引起基因表达异常是表观遗传学的一个显著特点。目前已知,由DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferases,DMNTs)催化DNA甲基化,其酶基因突变或表达异常引起DNA甲基化水平的改变。近期研究发现了一种DNA去甲基化酶--TET(Ten-Eleventranslocation)家族DNA羟化酶,能通过多种途径催化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5.methylcytosine,5-mC)去甲基化,从而调控DNA基化的平衡。5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5-hmC)作为DNA去甲基化多重步骤中重要的中间产物,其水平在肿瘤的发生和发展时期发生显著变化。该文从TET家族蛋白展开,介绍TET蛋白的结构、功能及作用机制以及多种人类肿瘤中丁E丁家族基因与5-hmC水平的相关性及其对肿瘤发生发展、诊断预后等临床意义的研究进展。  相似文献   

5.
刘泽军  江海宏 《生命科学》2002,14(3):141-143
DNA甲基化在基因调节和动物发育中起着重要作用。负责DNA甲基化作用的酶尔为DNA甲基转移酶(Dnmts)。到目前为止,在哺乳动物细胞中已经鉴定了三种DNA甲基转移酶基因家族,即Dnmt1、Dnmt2和Dnmt3。鉴定和研究DNA甲基转移酶对阐明DNA甲基化机制起着关键的作用。  相似文献   

6.
DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)及去甲基化属于常见的表观遗传修饰,可介导多种生理和病理过程。DNA甲基化及去甲基化修饰参与基因的表达调控,且二者的动态平衡可以维持遗传表达稳定性。DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)主要包括DNMT1、DNMT3A、DNMT3B、DNMT3L,DNA去甲基化酶(DNA demethylase)主要指10-11易位蛋白(ten-eleven-translocation protein,TET)家族,包括TET1、TET2、TET3,是调节DNA甲基化和去甲基化的重要酶类。TET酶是目前发现的调节DNA去甲基化(DNA demethylation)过程中最重要的酶。综述了TET酶在DNA去甲基化修饰中的作用机制,探讨了DNA去甲基化酶在生长发育和疾病中的关键作用,以期为今后表观遗传学的相关研究提供新思路。  相似文献   

7.
蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶(protein arginine methyltransferases,PRMTs)是真核生物中常见的一种酶,可催化组蛋白和非组蛋白底物中的精氨酸残基发生甲基化.在人类的基因组中,PRMTs由9个基因编码.作为最主要的Ⅱ型精氨酸甲基转移酶,PRMT5是PRMT家族成员之一,参与了包括信号转导、转...  相似文献   

8.
甘氨酸甜菜碱是一种渗透调节物质,能够维持高盐浓度下细胞的渗透平衡和膜的有序性,并有效地稳定酶的结构;胆碱是甘氨酸甜菜碱生物合成的必要前体物质,而磷酸乙醇胺甲基转移酶(phosphoethanolamineN-methyltransferase,PEAMT)作为甲基转移酶,是催化磷酸乙醇胺三次甲基化生成胆碱的限速酶。近年来研究表明磷酸乙醇胺甲基转移酶不仅在植物生长发育过程发挥作用,而且通过参与渗调物质甜菜碱以及胁迫相关第二信使磷脂酸的合成从而使植物对盐胁迫产生应答反应。本文就植物磷酸乙醇胺甲基转移酶的反应作用机理、生物学功能及表达调控机制进行了归纳总结。  相似文献   

9.
植物类黄酮O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid O-methyltransferase,FOMT)属转移酶类的甲基转移酶家族,是一类可催化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-L-methionine,SAM)中的-CH3基团转移到类黄酮-OH上的蛋白质酶。甲基化是类黄酮物质最基本、最主要的修饰反应之一,不仅可以降低类黄酮的化学反应活性,而且增加了其脂溶性,赋予了类黄酮更多的生理生化特性。该文对近年来国内外有关类黄酮甲基化对植物中FOMT催化的生理生化代谢反应、FOMT的分类、FOMT酶蛋白结构域、生物学功能以及FOMT基因克隆与表达调控等方面的研究进展进行综述,为植物类黄酮更广泛、更深入的研究提供新的思路与途径。  相似文献   

10.
王文瑞  董敏 《生物工程学报》2023,39(11):4428-4444
甲基化在生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-L-methionine, SAM)作为一种广泛存在于生命体中的辅因子,是大多数生物甲基化反应的甲基供体。SAM依赖型甲基转移酶(methyltransferases, MTase)通过将甲基从SAM分子特异性转移到底物,从而改变底物分子的各种理化性质和生物活性。近年来,许多具有替代甲基取代基的SAM类似物被合成并应用于甲基转移酶,以将不同修饰的基团特异性地转移到甲基转移酶的底物上,从而引入标记官能团或者新的烷基修饰。本文主要综述了近年来该领域不同SAM甲基类似物在合成和应用方面取得的进展,并对这一领域未来的研究方向进行展望。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Recently, a novel family of methyltransferases was identified in plants. Some members of this newly discovered and recently characterized methyltransferase family catalyze the formation of small-molecule methyl esters using S-adenosyl-L-Met (SAM) as a methyl donor and carboxylic acid-bearing substrates as methyl acceptors. These enzymes include SAMT (SAM:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase), BAMT (SAM:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase), and JMT (SAM:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase). Moreover, other members of this family of plant methyltransferases have been found to catalyze the N-methylation of caffeine precursors. The 3.0-A crystal structure of Clarkia breweri SAMT in complex with the substrate salicylic acid and the demethylated product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine reveals a protein structure that possesses a helical active site capping domain and a unique dimerization interface. In addition, the chemical determinants responsible for the selection of salicylic acid demonstrate the structural basis for facile variations of substrate selectivity among functionally characterized plant carboxyl-directed and nitrogen-directed methyltransferases and a growing set of related proteins that have yet to be examined biochemically. Using the three-dimensional structure of SAMT as a guide, we examined the substrate specificity of SAMT by site-directed mutagenesis and activity assays against 12 carboxyl-containing small molecules. Moreover, the utility of structural information for the functional characterization of this large family of plant methyltransferases was demonstrated by the discovery of an Arabidopsis methyltransferase that is specific for the carboxyl-bearing phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid.  相似文献   

13.
A strategy that facilitates the identification of substrates for protein carboxyl methyltransferases that form "stable" methyl esters, i.e., those that remain largely intact during conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Rat PC12 cells were cultured in the presence of adenosine dialdehyde (a methylation inhibitor) to promote the accumulation of hypomethylated proteins. Nonidet P-40 cell extracts were then incubated in the presence of S-[methyl-3H]adenosyl-L-methionine to label methyl-accepting sites via endogenous methyltransferases. After labeled proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel slices were incubated in 4 N methanesulfonic acid or 6 N HCl to hydrolyze methyl esters. The resulting [3H]methanol was detected by trapping in liquid scintillation fluid. Seven carboxyl methylated proteins were observed with masses ranging from 18 to 96 kDa. Detection of five of these proteins required prior treatment of cells with adenosine dialdehyde, while methyl incorporation into one protein at 18 kDa was substantially enhanced by the treatment. The use of acidic conditions for methyl ester hydrolysis has an important advantage over assays that utilize alkaline hydrolysis conditions. In PC12 cells, and possibly other cell types where there are significant levels of arginine methylation, the methanol signal becomes obscured by high levels of volatile methylamines generated under the alkaline conditions. Carrying out diffusion assays under acidic conditions eliminates this interference. Adenosine dialdehyde, by virtue of increasing the methyl-accepting capacity of substrates for protein carboxyl methyltransferases, in combination with a more selective assay for carboxyl methylation, should prove useful in the isolation and characterization of new protein carboxyl methyltransferases and their substrates.  相似文献   

14.
Methylcinnamate, which is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, is a significant component of many floral scents and an important signaling molecule between plants and insects. Comparison of an EST database obtained from the glandular trichomes of a basil (Ocimum basilicum) variety that produces high levels of methylcinnamate (line MC) with other varieties producing little or no methylcinnamate identified several very closely related genes belonging to the SABATH family of carboxyl methyltransferases that are highly and almost exclusively expressed in line MC. Biochemical characterization of the corresponding recombinant proteins showed that cinnamate and p-coumarate are their best substrates for methylation, thus designating these enzymes as cinnamate/p-coumarate carboxyl methyltransferases (CCMTs). Gene expression, enzyme activity, protein profiling, and metabolite content analyses demonstrated that CCMTs are responsible for the formation of methylcinnamate in sweet basil. A phylogenetic analysis of the entire SABATH family placed these CCMTs into a clade that includes indole-3-acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferases and a large number of uncharacterized carboxyl methyltransferase-like proteins from monocots and lower plants. Structural modeling and ligand docking suggested active site residues that appear to contribute to the substrate preference of CCMTs relative to other members of the SABATH family. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific residues confirmed these findings.  相似文献   

15.
16.
17.
R Reid  P J Greene    D V Santi 《Nucleic acids research》1999,27(15):3138-3145
The Escherichia coli fmu gene product has recently been determined to be the 16S rRNA m(5)C 967 methyltransferase. As such, Fmu represents the first protein identified as an S -adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)- dependent RNA m(5)C methyltransferase whose amino acid sequence is known. Using the amino acid sequence of Fmu as an initial probe in an iterative search of completed DNA sequence databases, 27 homologous ORF products were identified as probable RNA m(5)C methyltransferases. Further analysis of sequences in undeposited genomic sequencing data and EST databases yielded more than 30 additional homologs. These putative RNA m(5)C methyltransferases are grouped into eight subfamilies, some of which are predicted to consist of direct genetic counterparts, or orthologs. The enzymes proposed to be RNA m(5)C methyltransferases have sequence motifs closely related to signature sequences found in the well-studied DNA m(5)C methyltransferases and other AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. Structure-function correlates in the known AdoMet methyltransferases support the assignment of this family as RNA m(5)C methyltransferases.  相似文献   

18.
R Solomon  O Katzir  Y Egozi  Y Kloog 《FEBS letters》1988,241(1-2):131-135
Two distinct protein carboxyl methyltransferases (PCM) were identified in the electric organ of Torpedo ocellata. They were separated from each other in the active form by means of nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and by p-(chloromercuri)benzoate-agarose chromatography, and were individually identified by specific polyclonal antibodies. The existence of at least two distinct PCMs in eucaryotic cells raises the possibility that these enzymes are involved in distinct transmethylation reactions.  相似文献   

19.
Mammalian protein carboxyl methyltransferases have recently been proposed to recognize atypical configurations of aspartic acid and may possibly function in the metabolism of covalently altered cellular proteins. Consistent with this proposal, the tetrapeptide tetragastrin, containing a single "normal" L-aspartyl residue (L-Trp-L-Met-L-Asp-L-Phe-NH2) was found here not to be an in vitro substrate for erythrocyte carboxyl methyltransferase activity. However, chemical treatment of tetragastrin by methyl esterification and then de-esterification of the aspartic acid residue yielded a mixture of peptide products, the major one of which could now be enzymatically methylated. We show here that this new peptide species is the isomeric beta-aspartyl form of tetragastrin (L-iso-tetragastrin; L-Trp-L-Met-L-Asp-L-Phe-NH2), and it appears that isomerization proceeds via an intramolecular succinimide intermediate during the de-esterification procedure. L-iso-Tetragastrin is stoichiometrically methylated (up to 90% in these experiments) with a Km for the enzyme of 5.0 microM. Similar chemical treatment of several other L-aspartyl peptides also resulted in the formation of new methyltransferase substrates. This general method for converting normal aspartyl peptides to isoaspartyl peptides may have application in the reverse process as well.  相似文献   

20.
The inhibition of methyltransferases is currently of high interest, particularly in the areas of microbial infection and cell proliferation, as there have been serious attempts to develop novel anti-microbial agents. In the present investigation, a series of 11 S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine analogues have been synthesized and effect of these analogues on DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases was studied. It was found that, while 5'-S-(propionic acid)5'-deoxy-9-(1'-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)1,3-dideazaadenine was an activator of EcoP15I and HhaI DNA methyltransferases, 5'-S-(propionic acid)5'-deoxy-9-(1'-beta-dribofuranosyl)adenine inhibited the methyltransferases in a non-competitive manner. An understanding of the binding of analogues to DNA methyltransferases will greatly assist the design of novel anti-microbial compounds.  相似文献   

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