中药桑寄生(Lorathlorace)抗肿瘤毒蛋白的分离及部分性质初步研究

用Sephadex G100分子筛法分离中药桑寄生中蛋白质,得到大分子量组分a和小分子量组分b;用CM-Sepharose Fast Flow分离桑寄生的大分子物质,得到四个部分:组分Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ。对以上各组分蛋白及其分子量用SDS-PAGE电泳确认;选用肝癌细胞Bel-7402,经MTT染色法检测了其抗肿瘤活性。初步得出实验结果:在我国中药桑寄生中分离到的组分Ⅱ(包含两种蛋白或亚基),分子量在31000和33000左右,具有抑制肝肿瘤细胞Bel-7402生长作用;组分Ⅲ中分子量在21000左右的蛋白抗肝肿瘤细胞Bel-7402作用不明显;组分Ⅳ中分子量小于14000的蛋白没有抗肿瘤作用,分子量为36000的蛋白的抗肿瘤作用有待进一步试验确定。     

桑寄生凝集素的纯化及部分性质研究

利用DEAE一纤维素柱盐离子浓度梯度洗脱,再经猪胃粘蛋白-Sepharose 4 B亲和柱可以从中药桑寄生中分离纯化出桑寄生凝集素。经pH8.9,Tris-EDTAN_2a-borate的PACE和SDS-PAGE测定均呈现单一蛋白带,测得其分子量为67 500,中性糖含量为14.6％,DNS法测得N-末端氨基酸为缬氨酸。氨基酸组成分析表明,该凝集素富含酸性氨基酸,而碱性氨基酸含量较少,不含精氨酸。当凝集素浓度为15.6μg/mL时,即可凝集兔红细胞,而对人的A、B、O型血细胞,凝集素浓度高达1000μg/mL,也不发生凝集反应。Gal、GalNAc、山梨糖、岩藻糖和松三糖对凝集兔红细胞的能力有抑制作用。桑寄生凝集素是一种促有丝分裂原,对猪血淋巴细胞的转化率达78％,细胞分裂比率为11.2％。     

藻蓝蛋白亚基细胞渗透性及对肿瘤细胞光敏作用的研究

目的:研究藻蓝蛋白亚基对SP2/0、S180、COS7、C6的最佳渗透条件及由其介导的PDT对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法:采用柱层析方法从藻蓝蛋白样品中分离得到藻蓝蛋白亚基,通过荧光显微镜观察其在细胞内的渗透特性,并以He-Ne激光器为激发光源,MTT法检测藻蓝蛋白亚基光敏作用对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用。结果:藻蓝蛋白α、α/β亚基在75μg/mL浓度下可以在4 h时充分地进入细胞,并可以在细胞内稳定2 h以上;藻蓝蛋白中的α,β亚基稳定性和作用不相同,β亚基荧光性强但易于降解,由α亚基介导的PDT作用比α/βPDT作用强;100μg/mLα亚基介导的PDT对SP2/0和S180两种悬浮细胞的抑制率可分别达到78.6%和39.8%,强于贴壁细胞C6和COS7的29.2%和17.8%。结论:藻蓝蛋白α亚基在合适的渗透条件下表现出较强的光动力学抗肿瘤效果,且PDT效果与光敏剂浓度、照射剂量及细胞类型相关。     

黑色菜豆(Phaseolus sp.)凝集素的纯化和性质

黑色菜豆(phaseolussp.)种子中含有对人A型血专一凝集的凝集素。用猪胃粘蛋白-Sepharose 4B作亲和吸附剂和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤,可以纯化这种凝集素。纯化的凝集素在pH8.9,Tris-EDTANa_2-borate缓冲液的PAGE中,呈现单一蛋白带;酚-硫酸法测得总糖含量为3.22％。在SDS-PAGE中发现其分子由两种亚基所组成,亚基分子量分别为38,000和35,000。当凝集素浓度分别为0.98μg/ml和1.95μg/ml时能强烈地凝集人A型和AB型血细胞。在凝集素浓度高达500μg/ml时,B型血细胞能发生弱凝集反应,但对O型血和兔红细胞则完全不发生凝集反应。其凝集活性可被GalNAC、L-Fuc、猪甲状腺球蛋白和卵粘蛋白所抑制。该凝集素对人外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率达80％,细胞分裂比率高达37.1％;氨基组成分析表明,凝集素分子中Asp和Glu含量较高,而cys和Met含量很低。     

竹叶青蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶的纯化、诱导细胞凋亡和抗菌作用

经过分子筛层析和离子交换层析,我们从竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒中纯化得到了竹叶青蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶(TSV-LAO)。实验表明,TSV-LAO是一种糖蛋白,其分子由非共价连接的两个相同的亚基组成,SDS-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳一个亚基的表观分子量为58 kDa。TSV-LAO酶比活力为1100 U/mg,其分子脱掉糖基化成分后不影响酶活力。TSV-LAO在浓度为1.0μg/mL以上时可以诱导C8166细胞凋亡。TSV-LAO对实验病原微生物具有选择性抗生作用并具有明显的量效关系,对白色念珠菌(ATCC2002)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC2592)和短小芽孢杆菌(CMCCB11207)的最小抑菌浓度分别是0.3,0.4和1.0μg/mL,即使在最高实验浓度10μg/mL,TSV-LAO对其它实验菌株也未显示抑菌作用。     

粘细菌STXZ54的分离鉴定及其抗肿瘤活性

【目的】从广东省土样中分离并鉴定获得粘细菌,以丰富资源微生物库,并对其进行抗肿瘤活性的初步研究,为寻找新的抗肿瘤药物及其开发应用奠定基础。【方法】用灭活大肠杆菌诱导法,从广东土样中分离得到粘细菌,通过菌落形态观察、扫描电镜、生理生化特征、以及16s rRNA基因序列同源性分析,鉴定并归类细菌。测定不同生长时期代谢产物的抗肿瘤活性,分离纯化次级代谢产物得到抗肿瘤活性组分,测定抗肿瘤活性组分抗肿瘤谱及其对应的半致死浓度。利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察抗肿瘤活性组分作用B16后的亚细胞结构变化。【结果】分离并鉴定了粘细菌STXZ54新菌株,命名为Myxococcus macrosporus STXZ54,该粘细菌产生的抗肿瘤活性代谢产物能够较好地抑制B16、Hela、HCT-116、4T1、Hep-3B等多种肿瘤细胞,初步分离其代谢产物得到活性组分SGF5。经MTT实验算出SGF5对B16、Hela、Hep-3B、4T1细胞的IC50均在10μg/mL左右,对HCT-116细胞的IC50是70μg/mL。利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察到活性组分SGF5作用B16后亚细胞结构出现了明显的变化,结合细胞坏死与凋亡的检测初步判断SGF5能引起B16细胞的凋亡。【结论】从土样中分离得到粘细菌STXZ54,对分离到的活性组分进行了细胞毒性试验,证实其具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,有开发成抗肿瘤药物的潜在价值。     

共附生微生物抗肿瘤活性菌的筛选与鉴定

对分离自海绵和植物组织的一些微生物进行抗肿瘤活性菌株的筛选。采用SRB法对252株微生物菌株的发酵提取物进行了抗肿瘤活性的筛选。结果显示,28%的测试菌株在提取物浓度为100μg/mL时对HeLa细胞的抑制率在50%以上,经复筛确定有6株细菌和1株真菌具有良好且稳定的抗肿瘤活性,其提取物在100μg/mL时对HeLa细胞的抑制率均在80%以上,其中活性最高的两株菌HMJ-390和YX-5对HeLa细胞的IC50分别为40.56μg/mL和5.33μg/mL。经16S rDNA和ITS rDNA序列分析,鉴定HMJ-390为Cellulophagasp.,YX-5为Aspergillussp.。结果表明,作为抗肿瘤药物的潜在来源共附生微生物值得关注。     

龙须菜藻红蛋白亚基分离及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究藻红蛋白不同亚基对人直肠癌SW-480细胞的抑制作用。方法通过盐析和DEAE-Sepha-rose FF柱层析从龙须菜中获得高纯度藻红蛋白,然后通过脲变性、CM-Sepharose F F阳离子交换层析与透析复性,获得具活性的PE亚基,采用MTT法检测藻红蛋白亚基对SW-480细胞的生长抑制作用,流式细胞仪检测藻红蛋白亚基对SW-480细胞凋亡的影响。结果 PE亚基对SW-480有较强的生长抑制作用,其中以β亚基最为显著,当β亚基剂量为20μg/mL,作用时间48 h时,其对SW-480细胞的抑制率达72.64%。结论藻红蛋白及其亚基对SW-480细胞株的生长具有较强的抑制作用,β亚基效果最好,预示其具有一定的抗肿瘤潜力。     

骆驼蓬籽蛋白提取物体外抑癌活性的研究

目的:探讨骆驼蓬籽蛋白提取物的体外抑癌活性.方法:采用MTT法检测硫酸铵沉淀的骆驼蓬籽蛋白提取物体外抗肿瘤活性,应用流式细胞术和Annexin V/PI双荧光染色法检测其对细胞凋亡的影响.结果:80%硫酸铵饱和度下的蛋白提取物对宫颈癌HeLa、食道癌Ecal09和肝癌BEL-7404细胞的IC50分别为72.11±3.88μg/mL、257.58±1.16μg/mL和174.07±1.32μg/mL.对HeLa细胞的抑制率与空白对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.01),呈现较好的量效关系,且有促进细胞凋亡的作用.结论:骆驼蓬籽蛋白中对HeLa细胞增殖具有较好的抑制活性,可能是通过诱导细胞凋亡来发挥其抗肿瘤作用.     

吸水链霉菌BS-112产生的抗真菌活性物质的分离纯化与结构鉴别

【目的】分离纯化吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)BS-112产生的抗真菌活性物质,究明各活性组分的结构,测定其对黄曲霉的抑制作用,为该菌株及其产生的抗真菌活性物质的应用提供依据。【方法】通过大孔吸附树脂柱层析、硅胶柱层析及制备HPLC等方法,对该菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质进行分离纯化;利用质谱(MS)和核磁共振谱(NMR)解析各活性组分的结构;采用微量液体稀释法测定各活性组分对黄曲霉的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC)。【结果】从BS-112菌株发酵液中分离获得4个抗真菌活性组分,利用波谱技术确定其结构分别为Tetrins A和B、Tetramycins A和B。96孔板法测得这4个化合物对黄曲霉的MIC分别为3.13μg/mL、12.56μg/mL、1.56μg/mL、6.25μg/mL,MFC分别为6.25μg/mL、25.0μg/mL、3.13μg/mL、12.56μg/mL。【结论】BS-112菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质由Tetrins A和B、Ttramycins A和B 4个化合物组成,它们对黄曲霉均具有良好的抑制作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.