DNA肿瘤病毒SV40的细胞转化特性

SV40是被广泛应用于肿瘤研究的DNA肿瘤病毒。本文简述了它的一般生物学特性,根据大量研究报道着重归纳了SV40在体外转化细胞的特性及其转化机制,并展望了SV40转化蛋白在癌变机理、细胞分化等研究中的进一步应用。     

恒河猴外周血及肾组织SV40病毒基因分析

SV40即猿猴病毒40 (simian virus 40),是DNA肿瘤病毒的原型代表,其基因结构为共价闭合环状双股DNA分子,标准参考株SV40-776含5243个核甘酸。不同分离株bp数略有差异。SV40病毒为强DNA肿瘤病毒,具有使啮齿类动物及人源多种组织培养细胞永生化和转化能力。SV40病毒早期基因编码两个早期非结构蛋白即小T抗原(ST-ag、)和大T抗原(LT-ag),与病毒诱导的肿瘤发生有关。近年来研究表明,从猴体组织新分离的SV40株与实验室参考株SV40-776及SV40-B株相比较,具有明显的遗传异质性,并且SV40遗传变     

SV40灭活疫苗的制备及其对小鼠免疫的研究

猿猴空泡病毒40(Simian vacuolating virus 40,SV40) 属于乳多空病毒科,是一种DNA肿瘤病毒.亚洲猿类特别是恒河猴是SV40的天然宿主.感染SV40病毒可导致猴体急性病变或呈长期带毒状态,此外能诱使幼鼠产生肿瘤,并能使多种培养细胞发生转化.本研究初步建立了SV40病毒在Vero细胞中的增殖培养方法,并且初步建立了β-丙内脂灭活病毒的方法和纯化工艺.使用SV40病毒灭活疫苗对Balb/c小鼠进行了免疫,结果表明该疫苗具有较好的免疫原性.随后对SV40病毒DNA在免疫小鼠的重要脏器中的整合情况进行了调查,结果表明SV40病毒DNA未在小鼠重要脏器中整合.本研究为SV40病毒灭活疫苗的研制和进一步开展猴体抗SV40感染实验奠定了良好的基础.     

SV40病毒的培养、增殖及鉴定

目的：建立SV40病毒在Vero细胞上培养的方法,观察其生长过程,获得SV40病毒,并建立相应的SV40病毒检测方法,为SV40灭活疫苗的制备奠定良好的基础。方法：在Vero细胞上培养和增殖SV40-776株病毒。收获病毒后,应用PCR、免疫荧光以及克隆特异性片段进行测序比较来鉴定SV40病毒。结果：SV40在Vero细胞中增殖很快,并且使细胞出现明显的病变。小规模分离到了SV40病毒颗粒,获得了病毒DNA。不同的鉴定方法均显示出良好的特异性。结论：探讨了SV40病毒病变的基本过程,建立了病毒的培养、增殖和鉴定的方法。     

SV40 T基因转化的山羊乳腺上皮细胞系及其生物学特性

目的建立能用于乳腺特异表达基因构件质量检验的山羊乳腺上皮细胞系.方法根据已发表的SV40病毒T基因序列设计引物,以整合有SV40 DNA早期基因区的COS-1细胞基因组DNA为模板,用高保真PCR扩增SV40 T基因.将获得的SV40 T基因克隆入真核表达载体,并用获得的重组表达质粒转染山羊原代乳腺上皮细胞.经有限稀释和反复传代后获得转化细胞克隆,对其生物学特性进行研究.结果扩增出序列正确的SV40T基因,重组质粒转染获得的转化细胞的对数生长期为接种后第4天,细胞群体倍增时间为23.5*!h,克隆形成率为26.7%.DNA斑点杂交试验证明转化细胞的基因组中整合有SV40 T基因,染色体核型分析试验表明转化细胞的核型无明显异常,裸鼠接种试验证明转化细胞不能形成肿瘤,软琼脂集落形成试验表明转化细胞在软琼脂中不能生长.部分细胞克隆已在体外传30代以上,保持正常乳腺上皮细胞的形态特征,在胶原基质上能形成腺泡样结构.结论本研究获得的SV40 T基因转化的山羊乳腺上皮细胞具有转化细胞系的生物学特性.     

SV40灭活疫苗的制备及其对小鼠免疫的研究

猿猴空泡病毒40(Simian vacuolating virus 40,SV40) 属于乳多空病毒科,是一种DNA肿瘤病毒。亚洲猿类特别是恒河猴是SV40的天然宿主。感染SV40病毒可导致猴体急性病变或呈长期带毒状态,此外能诱使幼鼠产生肿瘤,并能使多种培养细胞发生转化。本研究初步建立了SV40 病毒在Vero细胞中的增殖培养方法,并且初步建立了β丙内脂灭活病毒的方法和纯化工艺。使用SV40病毒灭活疫苗对Balb/c小鼠进行了免疫,结果表明该疫苗具有较好的免疫原性。随后对SV40 病毒DNA在免疫小鼠的重要脏器中的整合情况进行了调查,结果表明SV40病毒DNA未在小鼠重要脏器中整合。本研究为SV40病毒灭活疫苗的研制和进一步开展猴体抗SV40 感染实验奠定了良好的基础。     

pZ189质粒DNA体外复制系统的建立

报道了含SV40复制起点的质粒DNA在真核细胞抽提物中进行复制的DNA体外复制系统的建立. 在外源性蛋白质SV40大T抗原(SV40 Tag)的参与下,穿梭质粒pZ189能在猴肾vero细胞胞浆抽提物中,利用其中参与体内DNA复制所需的蛋白质成分,有效地进行体外DNA复制. 从而为研究真核细胞DNA复制系统的结构与功能提供了简单、有效的模型.     

猴血SV40抗体和SV40 DNA携带关系分析

目的　检测 5 7份恒河猴血清及对应的猴血中抗SV4 0抗体、SV4 0DNA的携带情况 ,找出抗体滴度与DNA携带的相关关系。方法　用间接免疫荧光法检测猴血中SV4 0中和抗体 ,聚合酶链反应 (PCR)法检测SV4 0st抗原DNA的携带情况。结果　 5 7份猴血清中 ,SV4 0抗体阳性率为 93% (5 3 5 7) ,抗体滴度最高为 1∶12 80 ,最低为 1∶10 ,GMT为 15 9.5 6 ,PCR检测猴血淋巴细胞SV4 0DNA阳性率为 2 4 .5 6 % (14 5 7) ,当抗体为 1 80以下时 ,病毒整合于血细胞 ,1∶80以上时 ,对st抗原基因的整合有抑制作用。结论　恒河猴SV4 0DNA的携带情况与抗体阳性和滴度呈反相关     

SV40 DNA Hind Ⅲ B片段对人αD型干扰素基因在原核细胞中表达的增强作用

近年来,从动物病毒到真核细胞都相继发现有增强子的存在,它能明显地增强其邻近基因的转录速率。但是,在原核表达系统中尚未见报导。本文在探讨SV40增强子对原核表达系统的影响时,发现SV40 DNA Hind Ⅲ B片段对人αD型干扰素基因在大肠杆菌中的表达有明显的增强作用。 pBV181含有完整的人αD型干扰素基因,在P1启动子的控制下,在大肠杆菌中(BM-     

两种抽提乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA方法的效果比较

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)作为一种嗜肝DNA病毒,在感染肝细胞后会在细胞核中形成病毒转录复制的模板和基因储存库--共价闭合环状DNA(covalently closed circular DNA, cccDNA),其持续存在是乙型肝炎慢性化和难以治愈的核心,也是此研究领域内的重点。从细胞样品中稳定抽提获取cccDNA对于保证cccDNA检测的准确性至关重要。Hirt法是一种抽提真核细胞染色体外DNA的方法,被用于HBV cccDNA的抽提,但存在操作复杂和耗时长等问题。为简化操作,有研究对Hirt法进行改良,结合硅胶膜离心柱来抽提染色体外DNA,但尚不清楚该法用于HBV cccDNA抽提与传统Hirt法的效果差异。本研究基于HBV cccDNA细胞转染系统、HBV复制细胞系及感染系统,以DNA印迹(Southern blot)和定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)作为检测评价手段,平行比较了传统Hirt-酚/氯仿法与改良Hirt-过柱法抽提HBV cccDNA的效果。结果表明,两种方法具有相当的抽提效率和抽提特异性,而改良Hirt-过柱法耗时更短,提示在进行细胞HBV cccDNA抽提时可选择改良Hirt-过柱法以提高实验效率。     

Purification of SV40 T-antigen by SV40 DNA-sepharose affinity chromatography

T-antigen from SV40-infected BSC-1 cells was purified approximately 30,000 fold using a rapid purification procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite, blue-sepharose, and SV40 DNA-sepharose. The SV40 DNA-sepharose was optimized for the binding of T-antigen by the covalent attachment of the SV40 DNA at its BamHI site to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose. The most highly purified T-antigen appeared as a single polypeptide of 94 K daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.     

SV40 T-antigen is a histocompatibility antigen of SV40-transgenic mice

Although the extensive family of non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens provides a formidable barrier to transplantation, the origin of their encoding genes are unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated both the linkage between H genes and retroviral sequences and the ability of integrated Moloney-murine leukemia virus to encode what is operationally defined as a non-H-2 H antigen. The experiments described in this communication reveal that skin grafts from an SV40 T-antigen transgenic C57BL/6 mouse strain are rejected by coisogenic C57BL/6 recipients with a median survival time of 49 days, which is comparable to those of many previously defined non-H-2 H antigens. The specificity of this response for SV40 T-antigen was demonstrated by the identification of SV40 T-antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes and antibodies in multiply-grafted recipients. Although these cytolytic T lymphocytes could detect SV40 T-antigen on syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts, they neither could be stimulated by splenic lymphocytes from T-antigen transgenics nor could they lyse lymphoblast targets from T-antigen transgenics. These observations suggest a limited tissue distribution of SV40 T-antigen in these transgenics. These results confirm the role of viral genes in the determination of non-H-2 histocompatibility antigenes by the strict criteria that such antigenes stimulate (1) tissue graft rejection and (2) generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, they suggest that the SV40 enhancer and promoter region can target expression of SV-40 T-antigen to skin cells of transgenic animals.     

Expression of SV40 tumor antigen in SV40 transformed teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines

The relative importance of viral tumor antigen expression and the cellular background in the maintenance of a transformation phenotype was examined in five SV40-transformed teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines. These cell lines show qualitative differences in growth characteristics associated with transformation, and vary in their state of differentiation. Viral T antigen expression was evaluated by two criteria: 1) the amount of immunoprecipitated antigen in growing cells, and 2) the amount and rate of antigen synthesis in density-inhibited cells. There was no direct correlation found between retention, or rate of synthesis, of the viral T antigen and the degree of transformation. These findings imply that the cellular environment has a more important influence on the growth properties of a stably transformed cell than the quantitative levels of viral T antigen expression.     

SV40-immortalized human fibroblasts as a source of SV40 infectious virions

Human fibroblasts immortalized by Simian Virus 40 (SV40) are widely employed for cell and molecular biology model of study. Indeed, SV40 transmission to humans was believed to occur only under exceptional situations. The oncogenic potential of SV40 in laboratory animals is well established, whereas its involvement in human carcinogenesis is still a matter of active investigations. A recent report links SV40 exposure with the development of a brain tumor in a laboratory researcher. In previous studies, episomal viral DNA was detected in SV40 stably transformed and immortalized fibroblast cell lines. In this study, we report molecular and biological characterizations of SV40 DNA in human fibroblast cells. Our results indicate that SV40 is able to establish a persistent infection in long-term immortalized human fibroblasts, resulting in the production of an infectious viral progeny, which is able to infect both monkey and human cells. These data indicate that SV40-immortalized human fibroblasts may represent a source of SV40 infection. To avoid the SV40 infection, careful attention should be given by operators to this SV40-cell model of study.     

Binding studies of SV40 T-antigen to SV40 binding site II.

SV40 T-Antigen binding site II was synthesized, cloned and analyzed for its ability to bind purified SV40 T-antigen. We report the binding constant of T-antigen for isolated site II. Using a filter binding assay the calculated binding constant was 6-8 fold less efficient than site I previously reported. Binding constants were calculated using two methods. The first was a direct calculation using a protein titration curve (KD). The second was by the ratio of measured association and dissociation rates. Both methods gave similar constants. Protection studies with SV40 T-antigen on the T-antigen binding sites in the wild-type array demonstrated that the binding constants of site I and site II are similar to those calculated for the individual sites. These results demonstrate that SV40 T-antigen does not bind cooperatively to sites one and two as earlier believed and are in agreement with recent observations emanating from several laboratories.     

Random integration of SV40 in SV40-transformed, immortalized human fibroblasts

We have studied the relationship between immortalization of SV40-transformed human embryonic fibroblasts and their SV40 integration sites. From several independently transformed cell pools, we have isolated clones which do not harbor unintegrated SV40 DNA. We have analysed whole-cell DNA from these clones, using the Southern blot method. Our results suggest that no specific integration sites in the cellular genome exist which are a prerequisite for the immortalization process. Although some integration sites were found to be predominant in pre-crisis clones, they could not be detected in the post-crisis clones. This suggests that none of these predominating sites is selected for during the crisis period.     

SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants

CV-1, an established line of simian cells permissive for lytic growth of SV40, were transformed by an origin-defective mutant of SV40 which codes for wild-type T antigen. Three transformed lines (COS-1, -3, -7) were established and found to contain T antigen; retain complete permissiveness for lytic growth of SV40; support the replication of tsA209 virus at 40 degrees C; and support the replication of pure populations of SV40 mutants with deletions in the early region. One of the lines (COS-1) contains a single integrated copy of the complete early region of SV40 DNA. These cells are possible hosts for the propagation of pure populations of recombinant SV40 viruses.