海珠益肝胶囊对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

目的：观察海珠益肝胶囊对卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的防护作用。方法：采用卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤,通过检测小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性及肝脏病理变化来研究海珠益肝胶囊的保肝功能。结果：海珠益肝胶囊防治组小鼠血清ALT及AST活性比模型组显著降低,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。海珠益肝胶囊可明显减轻肝组织病理损伤,以大剂量组作用最佳;海珠益肝胶囊的使用使免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞凋亡减少,且有剂量依赖关系。结论：海珠益肝胶囊对BCG加LPS诱导小鼠产生免疫性肝炎的模型免疫性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间差异性比较研究

本文对比研究了CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型肝组织病理切片、生理、生化指标及差异基因表达谱的变化,根据两种肝损伤模型的差异表达基因,初步探讨了它们致肝损伤的机理。结果表明,两组模型小鼠的ALT、AST等多项生化指标与正常小鼠相比存在显著性差异：通过表达谱芯片实验,在CCl4组和免疫组中分别筛选得到379条和293条与正常组差异表达基因;其中有105条基因在两个模型组中均差异表达（表达下调基因58条,表达上调基因47条）。提示CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间有相似性,但差异亦较明显。     

CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间差异性比较研究

本文对比研究了CCl_4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型肝组织病理切片、生理、生化指标及差异基因表达谱的变化,根据两种肝损伤模型的差异表达基因,初步探讨了它们致肝损伤的机理。结果表明,两组模型小鼠的ALT、AST等多项生化指标与正常小鼠相比存在显著性差异;通过表达谱芯片实验,在CCl_4组和免疫组中分别筛选得到379条和293条与正常组差异表达基因;其中有105 条基因在两个模型组中均差异表达(表达下调基因58条,表达上调基因47条)。提示CCl_4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间有相似性,但差异亦较明显。     

阿魏酸对刀豆蛋白A诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

探讨阿魏酸(ferulic acid, FA)对刀豆蛋白A (concanavalin A, Con A)诱导的免疫性肝损伤是否有保护作用。将雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分成6组:空白组、阿魏酸对照组(100 mg/kg)、模型组(15 mg/kg Con A)、低剂量阿魏酸干预组(10 mg/kg)、中剂量阿魏酸干预组(30 mg/kg)、高剂量阿魏酸干预组(100 mg/kg)。阿魏酸灌胃后,尾静脉注射刀豆蛋白A 15 mg/kg,24 h后,取其血和肝组织进行检测。与空白组比较,模型组中苏木精和伊红染色(HE)坏死区域明显增加,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平、半胱天冬氨酸酶3 (Caspase-3)活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平、CD4~+T细胞中CD69的表达都明显增高。与模型组相比,阿魏酸干预组的ALT和AST水平明显降低,呈剂量依赖性,HE坏死区域减少,Caspase-3活性、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平、CD4~+T细胞CD69的表达都明显降低,且具有统计学意义。表明阿魏酸对刀豆蛋白A诱导的免疫性肝损伤有保护作用,其机制可能是抑制CD4~+T淋巴细胞的活化、细胞因子的释放,减轻炎症和肝组织的凋亡。     

达肝清对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

采用卡介苗(BCG)+脂多糖(LPS)造成免疫性肝损伤动物模型,观察达肝清对小鼠血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织匀浆SOD、MDA、GSH-PX水平的影响,并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果表明:达肝清可明显降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性,同时能减少肝匀浆MDA含量,并能使降低的肝匀浆SOD、GSH-PX活性升高。该实验属首次报道。     

肝损伤模型小鼠高迁移率族蛋白-1的表达

将刀豆蛋白A(Con A)经尾静脉注射入雄性Balb/C小鼠,建立T细胞介导的Con A急性肝损伤小鼠模型,检测模型小鼠不同时间点血清中高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及肝组织HMGB1 mRNA的表达水平,并与血清中TNF-α进行对比.实验显示:在Con A注射后0~3h,小鼠血清中的未能检测出HMGB1蛋白特异带:但在4h后,检测出一条微弱的HMGB1蛋白特异带;在6~36h,均检测出一条清晰的HMGB1蛋白特异带,在8~12 h处于一个高水平状态.而正常对照组小鼠血清中未能检测HMGB1蛋白-与HMGB1动力学曲线不同.血清中TNF-α水平在Con A注射后2h就达到峰值,4h后迅速下降,8h恢复到正常范围.Con A小鼠肝细胞中HMGB1 mRNA的表达在Con A注射1h后即达到峰值,是对照组的2.4倍,之后迅速回落,3-12h均低于对照组水平(0.5~0.8倍),24h后逐渐恢复正常水平.初步揭示HMGB1在Con A小鼠急性肝损伤中可能发挥重要作用,血清中HMGB1蛋白与TNF-α相比,呈现出迟发与长效的特点,HMGB1给肝细胞造成损伤有足够强度和效应时间.     

雷公藤甲素对Con A诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及机制

摘要 目的：探究雷公藤甲素（Triptolide）对刀豆蛋白A（Concanavalin, Con A）诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护机制。方法：雄性BALB/c小鼠30只,随机等分为正常对照组、Con A模型组和雷公藤甲素治疗组。通过尾静脉注射Con A构建小鼠急性肝损伤模型。微孔板法检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平,HE染色观察肝组织病理变化,免疫组化、实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测肝组织及血清中细胞因子水平。结果：与正常对照组比较,Con A诱导急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST水平显著增高（P<0.05）,肝组织呈局灶性炎性浸润、坏死。与Con A模型组比较,雷公藤甲素治疗组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平显著下降（P<0.05）;肝组织病理程度明显减轻;肝组织中CD4⁺T细胞的浸润降低,促炎细胞因子（IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2）的水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：雷公藤甲素可以通过抑制CD4⁺T细胞向肝脏募集,下调IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2的表达,有效防治Con A诱导的急性免疫性肝损伤。     

基于JNK通路研究老鹳草素对免疫性肝损伤小鼠的影响

为探讨老鹳草素对脂多糖(LPS)所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制,60只小鼠被随机分为正常组、模型组、水飞蓟素组(180 mg/kg)和老鹳草素低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg),小鼠腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS诱导免疫性肝损伤.采取HE染色观察小鼠肝细胞病理改变情况;生化法检测血清中谷丙...     

脂连素对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察脂连素对刀豆蛋白A（ConA）所致小鼠急性肝损伤的干预作用,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法雄性BALB／C小鼠17只,随机分为3组：ConA组6只：尾静脉注射ConA。脂连素组5只：在静脉注射ConA前腹腔内注射脂连素。对照组6只：尾静脉注射生理盐水。注射ConA后8小时留取血清检测各组ALT和TNF-α水平,肝组织进行HE染色,并检测NF-κB活性及肝细胞凋亡率。结果HE染色可见ConA组肝细胞水肿、变性,肝组织内淋巴细胞浸润、淤血等,脂连素组上述病理变化减轻（P〈0．01）。脂连素组ALT和TNF-α水平、NF-κB活性、肝细胞凋亡率均低于ConA组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论脂连素具有抗炎作用,其机制可能与减少TNF-α的产生、抑制肝组织NF-κB活性及抗肝细胞凋亡有关。     

ConA引起小鼠肝损伤实验研究

目的探讨conA引起免疫性肝损伤机实验条件。方法测定两个浓度,不同时间点ConA尾静脉注射后小鼠转氨酶水平及肝、脾病理变化。结果15mg／kgConA尾静脉注射后8h,血清转氨酶升高,但病检无明显改变;20mg／kgConA尾静脉注射,脾指数6h达峰值,10h肝脏病理变化显著,转氨酶水平达峰值。结论20mg／kgConA小鼠尾静脉注射6h后脾病变达高峰,10h可引起显著性肝损害。     

对乙酰氨基酚诱导的小鼠药物性肝损伤的模型研究

改良对乙酰氨基酚（acetaminophen,APAP）单独诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的模型和致死模型。随机将小鼠分为4组：空白对照组、APAP3h组、APAP6h组和APAP12h组,每组5只。饥饿15h后用对乙酰氨基酚诱发小鼠肝损伤。测定各组血清ALT、AST及胆红素含量,HE染色观察各组肝组织损伤情况。观察生存率时,小鼠随机分为对照组、禁食＋APAP（500mg／kg）组、禁食＋APAP（300mg／kg）组和不禁食＋APAP（500mg／kg）组,四组同时给药,然后记录各组小鼠的生存情况,绘制四组小鼠的生存曲线。小鼠注射APAP后,随时间的延长,ALT、AST水平逐渐升高,均明显高于空白对照组（P〈0．05）。小鼠肝脏HE染色可见,APAP中毒组小鼠肝细胞坏死及炎性细胞浸润。禁食＋APAP（500mg／kg）组小鼠自16h开始出现死亡,72h时全部死亡,死亡率明显高于不禁食组和禁食＋APAP（300mg/kg）组小鼠。该研究对APAPI起的C57／BL6小鼠药物性肝损伤模型进行改良,使其更加稳定和便于研究,为进一步探究APAP诱导肝毒性的机制及防治措施奠定了基础。     

Protective Effect of n-Butanol Extract from Viola yedoensis on Immunological Liver Injury

Viola yedoensis Makino was used to treat inflammation, viral hepatitis, acute pyogenic infection, and ulcerative carbuncles. However, the protective effect on immunological liver injury (ILI) of V. yedoensis had been rarely reported. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of n-butanol extract (BE) from V. yedoensis on ILI in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the BE significantly inhibited the secretions of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the HepG2.2.15 cells and the replication of HBV DNA. The research data in vivo revealed that the BE reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in liver tissues of the ConA-induced mice, while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the effective contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the BE could ameliorate liver histological lesions. These results motivated a further investigation into the chemical constituents of BE. Four coumarins (esculetin, prionanthoside, cichoriin, and esculin) and one flavonoid (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) were isolated from the BE by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, of which structures were eventually confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and MS.     

香水莲花总提取物对小鼠急性酒精肝损伤的实验研究

目的:观察香水莲花提取物对酒精所致小鼠急性化学损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性昆明种小鼠70只,随机分为正常对照组、急性酒精肝损伤模型组、水飞蓟素阳性对照组(46.7 mg/kg)以及香水莲花低、中、高剂量组(120、180、240 mg/kg)共6组,检测肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,称量体重和肝脏重量。结果:香水莲花总提取物能够抑制急性酒精肝损伤小鼠肝组织的TG、MDA含量升高(P0.05),增加GSH含量(P0.05)。结论:香水莲花总提取物对急性酒精肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

雷公藤甲素诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的形态学研究

目的:观察雷公藤甲素诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的形态学特征,为进一步研究雷公藤甲素肝毒性的病理特点和毒理机制提供基础。方法:昆明种小鼠以雷公藤甲素LD50剂量(0.8 mg/kg)水溶液灌胃,分别于给药12 h及24 h后取肝组织,制备石蜡切片、冰冻切片,行常规HE染色、PCNA染色、TUNEL染色及光镜观察。部分肝组织经戊二醛固定、制备超薄切片,行透射电镜下观察。PCNA及TUNEL染色结果采用图像分析软件进行定量分析及统计学处理。结果:0.8 mg/kg雷公藤甲素灌胃后12 h即可诱导肝组织炎细胞浸润、结构破坏、肝细胞坏死及代偿性增生。透射电镜下可见肝细胞内细胞骨架结构异常、细胞器大量脱落、自噬体明显增多。PCNA及TUNEL染色结果表明,雷公藤甲素可诱导肝细胞出现显著的增殖及凋亡。结论:雷公藤甲素可诱导肝组织炎性反应发生,同时伴随肝细胞凋亡、坏死及代偿性增生。推测肝细胞自噬性凋亡是雷公藤甲素诱导急性肝损伤的关键病理环节。     

Sake Yeast Suppresses Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Brewer’s and baker’s yeasts appear to have components that protect from liver injury. Whether sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai no. 9, also has a hepatoprotective effect has not been examined. Here we show that sake yeast suppresses acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice that had been fed a diet containing 1% sake yeast for two weeks received three doses of ethanol (5 g/kg BW). In the mice fed sake yeast, ethanol-induced increases in triglyceride (TG) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly attenuated and hepatic steatosis was improved. In addition, sake yeast-fed mice showed a smaller decrease in hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) level and a smaller increase in plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level after ethanol treatment than the control mice, suggesting that a disorder of methonine metabolism in the liver caused by ethanol was relieved by sake yeast. These results indicate that sake yeast protects against alcoholic liver injury through maintenance of methionine metabolism in the liver.     

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-Accumulating Sake Yeast Suppresses Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

The suppressive effects on acute alcoholic liver injury of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and the sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai No. 9, have been shown previously. To enhance the suppression of acute alcoholic liver injury by sake yeast, we prepared SAM-accumulating sake yeast (SAM yeast). Male C57BL/6 mice that had been fed on a diet containing 0.25% SAM yeast or sake yeast for two weeks received three doses of ethanol (5 g/kg BW). In the mice fed on the SAM yeast, the ethanol-induced increases in both triglyceride (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly repressed. In addition, the SAM yeast-fed mice did not show an ethanol-induced decrease in hepatic SAM level, suggesting that a disorder of methionine metabolism in the liver caused by ethanol was relieved by the SAM yeast. These results suggest that the SAM yeast had a stronger effect suppressing acute alcoholic liver injury in mice than the sake yeast.     

急性肝损伤小鼠中线粒体解耦联蛋白2的表达变化及意义

目的:观察C57小鼠急性肝损伤(acute liver injury,ALI)中解偶联蛋白2(Uncouple Protein2,UCP2)的表达,探讨ALI与UCP2表达变化的意义。方法:领取36只小鼠,随机分为对照组、ALI 1 d组、ALI 4 d组、ALI 7 d组。分别检测血清谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的变化;肝组织病理变化用HE染色观察;利用Western Blot方法分别检测全肝组织蛋白和肝细胞线粒体提纯蛋白中的UCP2蛋白水平的变化;Real Time quality PCR检测UCP2在mRNA水平的表达变化。结果:ALI组1 d、4 d组与对照组相比,ALT(160.69±22.11 vs 34.43±5.19;96.37±15.39 vs 34.43±5.19)、AST(306.54±68.09 vs 97.74±14.49;173.94±26.74 vs 97.74±14.49)表达差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);肝组织病理学检查ALI组1 d和4 d组中肝细胞出现大面积坏死,7d组肝细胞坏死缓解;蛋白水平检测UCP2在ALI 1 d和4 d时全肝组织分别增加2.84倍和2.25倍,在肝线粒体中1 d、4 d和7 d时分别增加2.19倍、1.68倍和1.56倍,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);mRNA水平检测UCP2在ALI 1 d和4 d与对照组相比明显升高,相对增加3.79倍和1.46倍(P0.05)。结论:急性肝损伤状态下UCP2在蛋白和mRNA水平高表达,UCP2可能对于治疗急性肝损伤具有重要意义。