夏秋季南黄海冷水团小型底栖动物类群组成与分布

为研究黄海冷水团对小型底栖动物的影响,分别于2013年6和11月,搭载"东方红2号"科学考察船对南黄海冷水团海域8个站位的小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量及其与环境因子的关系进行研究.结果表明:2个航次的小型底栖动物平均丰度分别为900.8和758.4 ind·10 cm-2,平均生物量分别为886.9和615.7μg·10 cm-2.方差分析表明,两个季节8个站位间小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量均无显著差异.两个航次共鉴定出17个小型底栖动物类群,其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势的类群,在两个航次中分别占总丰度的88.5%和94.0%.其他数量上较重要的类群还有底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类和介形类等.两个航次中分别有92.5%和95.4%的小型底栖动物分布在0~5 cm的表层沉积物内,线虫和桡足类分布在0~2 cm的比例分别为59.1%和78.2%.对小型底栖动物丰度和生物量、线虫和桡足类丰度与其沉积环境因子的相关分析表明,小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量与底层水温度和粉砂-粘土含量呈负相关,主要类群线虫的丰度也显示出同样的结果,另一主要类群桡足类的丰度与底层水温度、粉砂-粘土含量呈负相关,与中值粒径呈正相关.小型底栖动物群落类群组成与环境因子的BIOENV相关分析表明,小型底栖动物群落受底层水温度、底层水盐度、沉积物含水量、沉积物叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿酸含量的综合影响.     

夏季南黄海冷水团及其周边海域小型底栖动物类群组成与分布

对2011年6月南黄海冷水团及其周边海域23个站位的小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量和空间分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出小型底栖动物20个类群,平均丰度为(1194±873)个/10 cm~2,平均生物量为(881±669)μg干重/10 cm~2,其中自由生活海洋线虫是绝对优势类群,占小型底栖动物总丰度的89.7%,其次为底栖桡足类(5.5%)、甲壳类幼体(1.8%)、多毛类(1.2%);对生物量的贡献上依次为海洋线虫(49.0%)、多毛类(22.9%)、桡足类(13.9%)、介形类(7.8%)、涡虫(2.0%)。在垂直分布上,79.1%的小型底栖动物分布在沉积物0—2 cm的表层,16.4%分布在2—5 cm的次表层,4.5%的小型底栖动物分布在5—8 cm的下层。与环境因子的相关性分析表明,小型底栖动物的总丰度和总生物量与沉积物叶绿素a含量显著正相关;小型底栖动物的生物量和沉积物中部分重金属(Pb、Cu、Fe、Ni、Co)含量呈显著负相关,但与Cd含量呈极显著正相关。BIOENV分析结果表明,沉积物含水量、有机质含量和分选系数组合最能解释小型底栖动物类群组成分布差异。根据小型底栖动物的类群组成可将研究海域划分为3个区域,包括:冷水团中央区域,冷水团边缘区和近岸区,其中冷水团边缘区丰度和生物量最高,冷水团区域次之,近岸区最低;整个冷水团海域小型底栖动物丰度和生物量分别是非冷水团海域的2.3倍和2.1倍。     

渤海小型底栖动物丰度的分布格局

在渤海的 2 2个站位 ,分 3个航次采集未受扰动的沉积物样品 ,进行了小型底栖动物类群的丰度、分布格局及其与沉积环境因子间相互关系的研究。结果表明 ,1 997年航次 ,5个站位小型底栖动物的平均丰度为 2 2 74± 1 0 3 9ind./1 0 cm2 ;1 998年和 1 999年航次 ,小型底栖动物的丰度分别为 869± 5 0 9ind./1 0 cm2和 63 2± 3 99ind./1 0 cm2 ,其中 ,小型底栖动物和自由生活海洋线虫丰度的高值主要出现在渤海中东部和海峡口的站位 ,底栖桡足类的丰度在海峡口的 A4、E5、D5站和辽东湾湾口的几个站位较高。在小型底栖动物中 ,线虫是数量上占绝对优势的类群 ,桡足类位于第 2位 ,处在第 3位的类群在两个航次中有所不同 ,在 1 998年航次 ,双壳类幼体的数量位于第 3位 ;1 999年航次 ,多毛类的数量位于第 3位。对小型底栖动物丰度与其沉积环境因子的分析表明 ,水深与小型底栖动物丰度、自由生活海洋线虫丰度和桡足类丰度的相关性为极显著 ;沉积物的中值粒径与桡足类的丰度和小型底栖动物总丰度呈负相关 ,前者为极显著 ,后者为显著 ;砂、粉砂和粘土含量影响三者的丰度变动 ,其中与桡足类丰度的相关性为极显著或显著。沉积物中的叶绿素 a、脱镁叶绿酸 a、含水量和有机质含量与三者丰度的关系不很明显。     

青岛砂质潮间带小型底栖动物分布及季节动态

以青岛太平湾第二海水浴场(简称“二浴”)和石老人海水浴场(简称“石浴”)沙滩为研究对象,2008年1、4、7、10月采集小型底栖动物样品,开展砂质潮间带的小型底栖动物数量分布和类群组成的季节变化特征研究.结果表明:青岛两个砂质沙滩沉积环境具有显著的季节差异,可分为冬春组(1和4月)和夏秋组(7和10月).二浴小型底栖动物年平均丰度为(1167.3+768.3) ind·10 cm-2,线虫是主要类群,占总丰度的91％.不同潮带的类群组成和丰度分布不均匀,其丰度为高潮带＜中潮带＜低潮带.且类群组成与丰度具有明显的季节差异,其丰度冬春高、夏秋低,总趋势为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季.二浴高、中潮带的小型底栖动物垂直分布也具有明显的季节变化,小型底栖动物随温度升高向深层移动,冬季集中在表层,夏季向深处迁移.石浴小型底栖动物的年平均丰度为(1130.2±1419.1) ind·10 cm-2,线虫占总丰度的85％,与二浴中潮带沉积环境相似,所支持的小型底栖动物类群组成及数量基本一致,属于相近沙滩.但石浴中潮带小型底栖动物垂直分布随温度的降低呈向下迁移的趋势.ANOVA和BIOENV分析表明,中值粒径和有机质含量是产生小型底栖动物潮带分布差异的主要原因,沉积物间隙水温度、中值粒径、有机质含量是产生丰度季节差异的主要原因,垂直迁移则受沉积物Chl a含量的影响.此外,沙滩人类活动是另一个影响小型底栖动物数量及分布的因素.     

象山港夏季小型底栖动物丰度和生物量

2014 年7 月对象山港20 个站位进行取样调查, 共鉴定出14 个小型底栖动物类群, 小型底栖动物平均丰度和生物量分别为(143.59±11.58) ind·(10 cm2)1 和干重(1355.68±175.64) μg·(10 cm2)1。小型底栖动物丰度和生物量港底部向港口部无明显递减趋势, 但分布呈现明显的区域性, 均表现为支港>主港, 支港丰度分布表现为黄墩港>西沪港>铁港; 主港丰度分布表现为港底部>过渡区>港中部>港口部>白石山人工鱼礁区,象山港从港底部向港口部, 中值粒径呈增大趋势, 小型底栖动物丰度和生物量均与中值粒径呈极显著负相关, 均与粘土含量呈显著正相关。与国内其他海域相比, 研究海域小型底栖动物丰度值偏低, 生物量小于东海及以北海域, 大于东海以南海域。     

广西防城港东湾红树林湿地春季小型底栖动物丰度与生物量

于2019年春季在广西防城港东湾红树林湿地,设置4个断面共13个站位采集沉积物样品,对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度和生物量进行研究。共鉴定出11个以上的小型底栖动物类群,分别为自由生活海洋线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、等足类、双壳类、涟虫、海螨类、腹足类、枝角类和其他未鉴定类群;小型底栖动物总平均丰度为(10364±8012) ind·10 cm-2;线虫是绝对优势类群,占小型底栖动物总丰度的95.38%,平均丰度为(9886±7746) ind·10 cm^-2,其次为桡足类,占比为2.14%,平均丰度为(221±358) ind·10cm^-2;小型底栖动物的总平均生物量为(10502±7894)μg·10 cm^-2,各断面的生物量趋势依次为:断面3>断面2>断面1>断面4。     

长江口及东海夏季小型底栖动物丰度和生物量变化

2012年7月,对长江口及东海海域的小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量的空间分布及其与沉积环境的关系进行了调查研究。该研究海域夏季小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量总体上自北向南递减,在长江口以东的海域由近岸向外海增加,至约45 m等深线达到最高,然后向深水区减少。其小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量分别为(1203±191) 个/10 cm²和(723±171) μg 干重/10 cm²,略高于同一海域春季和秋冬季的数量,但明显低于以往夏季的数量,这可能与本年度该海域沉积物中叶绿素a含量明显偏低有关。在小型底栖动物11个主要类群中,自由生线虫在丰度上占绝对优势(94.1%),其次是桡足类(2.7%)和涡虫类(1.2%)。线虫在生物量上也是最优势类群(62.1%),其次是多毛类(18.8%)、桡足类(8.3%)和涡虫类(6.1%)。Spearman相关分析表明,小型底栖动物的生物量、桡足类和涡虫的丰度均与沉积物中有机氮含量呈负相关;多毛类的丰度与盐度、叶绿素a呈显著正相关;而线虫与所测环境因子未见任何相关关系。BIOENV分析显示,与小型底栖动物各类群的丰度相关性最高的环境因子组合为盐度、沉积物含水量和有机氮含量。研究发现,近10年该海域小型底栖动物的丰度呈总体下降趋势;而且,小型底栖动物的垂直分布随时间推移趋向于向沉积物表层聚集,一定程度上显示沉积环境趋于恶化。通过对近岸和外海两个站位的702条线虫生物体积的测算,获得两个站位线虫的平均个体干重分别为0.186 μg/个体和0.281 μg/个体,两站位平均为0.214 μg/个体,与2009年秋冬季相邻两站位的0.213 μg/个体非常接近,但各站位的线虫个体干重变化相对较大。该结果一方面反映了我国当前普遍采用的0.4 μg/个体系数高估了线虫的生物量,另一方面显示季节和站位差异影响了线虫个体的大小。     

北部湾海域小型底栖动物丰度和生物量

根据2008年10月4日至8日北部湾海域生态环境综合调查资料,对北部湾海域小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度和生物量分布进行了分析研究,结果表明,研究海域的小型底栖动物平均丰度约为399.09±452.20 had·10cm^-2,平均生物量约为359.56±324.45μg·10cm^-2;按丰度来讲,分选出的14个类群中,自由生活海洋线虫的丰度为最优势,约占总丰度的92.69%,其次为底栖桡足类和多毛类,分别约占总丰度的3.28%和2.47%;线虫、多毛类和桡足类分别约占总生物量的41.16%、38.34%和6.76%。研究海域的钦州、防城港市沿岸海区小型底栖动物平均丰度相对较高,其平均丰度约为614.98±799.63 ind·10cm^-2;涠洲岛周边海区和北海南部近岸海区平均丰度分别约为481.68±240.03 ind·10cm^-2和278.14±126.38 ind·10cm^-2;对照海区的小型底栖动物平均丰度约仅有197.37±116.72 ind·10cm^-2。根据各站位小型底栖生物的种类组成及其丰度进行了多样性分析,各站位丰富度指数介于0.466～1.516之间,均匀度指数介于0.203～1.13之间,Shannon-Weiner指数(H')介于0.141～0.783之间。根据类群组成及其丰度进行组平均法聚类分析,把研究海区各站位分成了3个不同的底栖生物群落。研究海区线虫和桡足类丰度的比率变化范围在5.02～223.83之间。     

长江口及邻近海域秋冬季小型底栖动物类群组成与分布

对2009年11-12月采自长江口及邻近的东海海域19个站位的小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量和空间分布及其与沉积环境的关系进行了研究.结果表明,该海域秋冬季小型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量分别为(1081 ±700)个/10 cm2和(600±374) μg干重/10 cm2,均呈现由北往南、由近岸向外海递减的趋势,且在长江口冲淡水向东海的扩展区域内,小型底栖动物的丰度明显较东海外围海域高.该数量与同一海域春季的研究结果相近,但明显低于夏季.在分选出的12个主要类群中,海洋线虫在丰度上占绝对优势(94.4％),其次是涡虫类(2.3％)和桡足类(2.0％).线虫也是生物量上的最优势类群(占68.1％),其次是涡虫类(14.8％)、桡足类(6.8％)和多毛类(5.8％).在垂直分布上,占总量70.8％的小型底栖动物和69.9％的线虫分布于0-2 cm表层,均高于54％-65％的历史资料.Spearman相关分析表明,小型底栖动物丰度与叶绿素a含量呈显著正相关,与水深、底层水温和底层盐度呈显著负相关.BIOENV分析显示与小型底栖动物类群组成和丰度相关性最高的环境因子组合为水深和脱镁叶绿素a含量.海洋线虫与桡足类数量之比(N/C)可大致反映本海域沉积环境的质量状况,但沉积物类型等因素的影响可造成环境评价的偏差.通过对639条线虫生物体积的测算,获得两个站位的线虫平均个体干重分别为0.104μg/个和0.365 μg/个.研究表明,我国当前普遍采用的0.4 μg/个这一系数估计的线虫生物量将不同程度地高估其实际生物量.     

东、黄海典型站位底栖动物粒径谱研究

对东、黄海典型站位底栖动物粒径谱进行了首次研究 ,得出 Sheldon粒径谱呈典型的双峰模式 ,两个峰形分别对应着大型底栖动物和小型底栖动物的生物量分布。小型底栖动物峰值出现在粒级 6～ 10 ,大型底栖动物峰值在 13～ 14。两峰值之间的波谷位置在粒级 10～ 11,是大型、小型底栖动物的过渡带 ,生物量主要由大型动物的幼龄个体构成。E3站大型动物幼龄个体大量出现 ,使该站的过渡粒级上出现峰值 ,粒径谱呈单峰形。同时构建了正态化粒径谱 ,在此基础上对不同生态系统的比较进行了初步尝试。     

2008年夏季青岛近海浒苔无机元素含量分析

2008年夏季对青岛近海栈桥、汇泉湾和五四广场三个海域的漂浮浒苔进行了样本采集,针对其12种无机元素进行了含量分析与比较,并与2007年夏季三个海域的浒苔的无机元素含量进行了比较。结果表明,2008年采自汇泉湾海域的漂浮浒苔的Ca,Cu,N,Na和P含量在三个海域中最高,而采自五四广场的漂浮浒苔的Fe,Mn,Pb和Zn含量最高,Cd,K和Mg的含量在三个海域的水平相差不大。与2007年相同海域比较,2008年的漂浮浒苔更富含Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na和P。另外,与海带和紫菜比较,浒苔中的Fe,Mg和Na含量较高,而P和Zn含量较低,Ca和K含量,低于海带而高于紫菜中的含量;有害元素Cd和Pb含量远低于相应的藻类制品卫生标准（GB19643—2005）和无公害产品海藻（NY5056-005）中的限量要求。结果从无机元素角度为浒苔的综合利用提供数据支持。     

Food quality and the heterogeneous spatial distribution of meiofauna

Several different experimental approaches were used to examine recruitment of benthic meiofauna to patches of selected species of algae. In one approach algal-coated, baited slides were incubated in a salt marsh littoral benthos. The second approach employed patches of algae arrayed equidistantly around an inoculum of meiofauna in a petri dish. Meiofauna were shown to be selectively recruited to patches of some species of algae but not to others. The evidence obtained supports a hypothesis that selective recruitment of meiofauna can be one mechanism which establishes the spatial heterogeneity so often observed in natural collections of meiofauna.     

Long-term trend of Ulva prolifera blooms in the western Yellow Sea

Blooms of the green macroalga Ulva prolifera in the western Yellow Sea occurred every year since 2008, and they have been reported and studied extensively using a variety of means including remote sensing. However, to date, long-term bloom patterns have not been reported except for a few case studies showing examples in different years. Here, using MODIS observations and an objective method to perform statistical analysis, mean Ulva coverage in the western Yellow Sea has been derived and analyzed between 2007 and 2015 at both monthly and annual scales. On annual scale, mean Ulva coverage decreased after 2008, but increased rapidly after 2012 from 8 km² in 2012 to 116 km² in 2015 (the largest ever reported in history for this region). In the month of June the mean coverage increased from 18 km² in 2012 to 363 km² in 2015. Other than 2009 and 2010, the month of June showed maximum Ulva coverage in every year. These coverage estimates are significantly lower than previously reported values as they represent “pure” algae coverage after taking into account of partial pixel coverage. Several environmental factors were examined in an attempt to determine the reasons behind such long-term changes, yet the results are inconclusive, suggesting a strong necessity of further coordinated and multi-disciplinary researches.     

黄海北部不同站位海洋细菌群落分布特征

[目的]为揭示北黄海不同海域中真细菌群落分布的差异,[方法]采用16s rRNA基因文库和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,对远海和近海两个站位的沉积物和水体中细菌群落特征进行了解析和评价.[结果]文库分析揭示海水及沉积物中微生物种类丰富,存在大量未被认知的类群.各站位中主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),沉积物中γ-Proteobacteria和δ-Proteobacteria亚门占优势,水中则以α-Proteobacteria亚门占优势,但各亚门微生物在两个站位中存在明显系统发育学分歧.DGGE图谱聚类分析显示,近海沉积物和海水中细菌群落优势类群相似性很高,而远海沉积物和海水中则相似性很低.[结论]研究结果表明,微生物种类在不同地理位置和生存介质中存在明显差异,环境因素对微生物的分布起主导作用.     

Physical processes and their role on the spatial and temporal variability of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the central Yellow Sea

The spatial and temporal variability of the spring phytoplankton bloom (SPB) in the central Yellow Sea is studied, using SeaWiFS surface chlorophyll remote-sensing data, AVHRR sea surface temperatures (SST), QuikSCAT sea surface wind speed (SSW) from 1998 to 2009 and the cruise survey data in 2007 and 2009. The influences of the hydrological conditions on the SPB are significant. (1) The rising SST and low SSW in spring play an important role in the development of the SPB. The SPB in the central Yellow Sea occurs primarily in April (from April 3 to April 24) and at this period the mean SST is generally greater than 10 °C, and 24 h averaged SSW is less than 5.4 m/s. The 99% of the SPB occurs when the SST is 9–14 °C and SSW is 0–7.9 m/s. (2) Specifically, the development of the SPB is from April 4 to April 7 and from April 4 to April 22 in 2007 and 2009 respectively. The longer duration of the SPB in 2009 than that in 2007 is related to the high SST in 2009, which is approximately 2 °C greater than that in 2007, and the weak SSW in 2009, which is much lower than that in 2007, which further indicate that these two factors are critical to the duration of the SPB. (3) The horizontal distribution of surface chlorophyll a in 2007 is found to be greater and located more northward than that in 2009. Comparing the spatial coverage of the SPB, the path of the Yellow Sea warm current, which is warmer and salty, and the location of maximum SST reveals that the spatial coverage of the SPB locates in the warmer temperature (>9 °C) and higher salinity (>33) waters in March and this warm and salty water was much more evident in 2007 than that in 2009 because a stronger warm current of the Yellow Sea in winter. (4) The vertical depths of the maximum chlorophyll layer (MCL) appear at three levels: surface, 10 m and 30 m in 2007, whereas the MCL occurs only at a sub-surface level in 2009 which is related to vertical stability of the water column, i.e., the water is vertically mixed in 2007 while vertically stratified in 2009.     

Physical processes and their role on the spatial and temporal variability of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the central Yellow Sea

The spatial and temporal variability of the spring phytoplankton bloom (SPB) in the central Yellow Sea is studied, using SeaWiFS surface chlorophyll remote-sensing data, AVHRR sea surface temperatures (SST), QuikSCAT sea surface wind speed (SSW) from 1998 to 2009 and the cruise survey data in 2007 and 2009. The influences of the hydrological conditions on the SPB are significant. (1) The rising SST and low SSW in spring play an important role in the development of the SPB. The SPB in the central Yellow Sea occurs primarily in April (from April 3 to April 24) and at this period the mean SST is generally greater than 10 °C, and 24 h averaged SSW is less than 5.4 m/s. The 99% of the SPB occurs when the SST is 9–14 °C and SSW is 0–7.9 m/s. (2) Specifically, the development of the SPB is from April 4 to April 7 and from April 4 to April 22 in 2007 and 2009 respectively. The longer duration of the SPB in 2009 than that in 2007 is related to the high SST in 2009, which is approximately 2 °C greater than that in 2007, and the weak SSW in 2009, which is much lower than that in 2007, which further indicate that these two factors are critical to the duration of the SPB. (3) The horizontal distribution of surface chlorophyll a in 2007 is found to be greater and located more northward than that in 2009. Comparing the spatial coverage of the SPB, the path of the Yellow Sea warm current, which is warmer and salty, and the location of maximum SST reveals that the spatial coverage of the SPB locates in the warmer temperature (>9 °C) and higher salinity (>33) waters in March and this warm and salty water was much more evident in 2007 than that in 2009 because a stronger warm current of the Yellow Sea in winter. (4) The vertical depths of the maximum chlorophyll layer (MCL) appear at three levels: surface, 10 m and 30 m in 2007, whereas the MCL occurs only at a sub-surface level in 2009 which is related to vertical stability of the water column, i.e., the water is vertically mixed in 2007 while vertically stratified in 2009.     

Population fluctuation and vertical distribution of meiofauna in the Red Sea interstitial environment

The composition and distribution of the benthic meiofauna assemblages of the Egyptian coasts along the Red Sea are described in relation to abiotic variables. Sediment samples were collected seasonally from three stations chosen along the Red Sea to observe the meiofaunal community structure, its temporal distribution and vertical fluctuation in relation to environmental conditions of the Red Sea marine ecosystem. The temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential were measured at the time of collection. The water content of the sediments, total organic matters and chlorophyll a values were determined, and sediment samples were subjected to granulometric analysis. A total of 10 meiofauna taxa were identified, with the meiofauna being primarily represented by nematodes (on annual average from 42% to 84%), harpacticoids, polycheates and ostracodes; and the meiofauna abundances ranging from 41 to 167 ind./10 cm². The meiofaunal population density fluctuated seasonally with a peak of 192.52 ind./10 cm² during summer at station II. The vertical zonation in the distribution of meiofaunal community was significantly correlated with interstitial water, chlorophyll a and total organic matter values. The present study indicates the existence of the well diversified meiofaunal group which can serve as food for higher trophic levels in the Red Sea interstitial environment.     

Vertical distribution of sympagic meiofauna in sea ice in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

This is the first study to determine vertical distribution patterns of sympagic meiofauna, including metazoans, protozoans and eggs >20 μm, in the Amundsen Gulf (southeastern Beaufort Sea, Arctic). Full sea-ice cores were sampled from mid of March to end of May 2008 (Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study). Investigations were performed on first-year ice from three pack- and three fast-ice stations. Additionally, 5-cm bottom-ice sections were sampled at 13 pack-ice and 5 fast-ice stations. The metazoan community was composed of nematodes, rotifers, copepods, copepod nauplii, platyhelminthes and a few rare taxa such as mollusks, cnidarians and nemerteans. High numbers of eggs, between 50 and 2,188 eggs L⁻¹, particularly of nematodes and copepods, were present in the ice. Investigations revealed also eggs of the pelagic species Calanus hyperboreus and Sagitta spp. within the ice, so that further research is needed to clarify whether more organisms than expected might use this habitat as a reproduction ground. Many different morphotypes of protozoans were observed in the samples, especially ciliates of the order Euplotida. The highest abundance was always found in the lowermost 5 cm of the ice cores, nevertheless sympagic meiofauna was not restricted to that part of the ice. Integrated meiofauna abundance ranged between 41 and 4,738 × 10² Ind. m⁻² and was highest in the fast ice in early May. Differences between pack and fast ice in terms of integrated meiofauna communities and vertical distribution were not significant, while the analysis of the bottom-ice sections indicated both a temporal development and ice-type-specific differences.     

黄海南部大型水母暴发区中小型浮游动物生态特征

根据2007年5-9月黄海南部(121°15'E-122°09'E、31°53'N-32°53'N)大型水母暴发区调查数据,对该区6个站点中小型浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布、群落特征及优势种等进行了分析.共鉴定出调查区浮游动物58种(不含鱼卵和仔鱼),隶属于5门11大类58种,其中桡足类为优势种,占80.86%;浮游动物总丰度均值为783.17 ind·m-3(452.23～1241.86 ind·m-3),最高密集区位于St.4;多样性指数(H')均值为2.76(2.44～2.95),调查区南部(St.4～St.6)比北部(St.1～St.3)的物种更为丰富;小拟哲水蚤(Para-calanus parvus)为最主要优势种,丰度为263.76 ind·m-3(152.23～451.89 ind·m-3),集中分布在St.4,浮游动物总丰度和总生物量大小取决于优势种小拟哲水蚤的丰度.线性回归分析揭示,浮游动物总生物量,总单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)正相关性显著,而水母CPUE-总CPUE、水母CPUE-小黄鱼CPUE均存在极显著的负相关关系.     

Temporal spatial distribution of benthic meiofauna in four beaches of the northern Havana shore

The temporal-spatial distribution of benthic meiofauna was evaluated in four beaches at the north coast of Havana, Cuba, from March 2003 to February 2004. We studied two urban beaches (Santa Fe and La Concha) and two tourist beaches (Mar Azul and Canasi). Monthly meiofauna samplings were taken by scuba-diving using with a syringe (inner diameter 2.5 cm), and physico-chemical parameters (grain size, interstitial salinity and water column salinity were recorded with standard equipment). Statistical analysis (MDS and ANOSIM) were performed. Depth and biotope kind were the same in the four beaches. Highest densities were obtained in Santa Fe (7,133.48 ind/10 cm2) while the lowest mean densities were found in Canasí (892.12 ind/10 cm2). We recorded 13 taxa; the dominant organisms in Santa Fe and Mar Azul were free-living marine nematodes. Copepods were the dominant organisms in La Concha and Canasí.