The Bacteriocinogenic Potential of Marine Microorganisms

Russian Journal of Marine Biology - One of the modern antibacterial strategies to control various infectious pathogens in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and the food industry is the use of...     

Nanotechnology and Potential of Microorganisms

ABSTRACT

There is a growing need to develop clean, nontoxic and environmentally friendly (“green chemistry”) procedures for synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles. The use of biological organisms in this area is rapidly gaining importance due to its growing success and ease of formation of nanoparticles. Presently, the potential of bio-organisms ranges from simple prokaryotic bacterial cells to eukaryotic fungus and even live plants. In this article we have reviewed some of these biological systems, which have revolutionized the art of nano-material synthesis.     

植物miRNA及其在植物发育进程和环境胁迫响应中的潜在功能

文章介绍植物miRNA的产生、作用和miRNA的靶基因发掘以及miRNA在植物发育进程和环境胁迫响应中的潜在功能研究进展。     

植物内生细菌对植物健康的作用

植物内生菌是一个多样性十分丰富的微生物类群,存在于没有外在感染症状的健康植物组织内,并与宿主植物协同进化.随着研究领域的不断拓宽和研究方法的不断更新,植物内生菌与植物健康的关系以及应用逐渐成为研究热点.本文主要综述了内生细菌的多样性、进入植物组织内的机制以及内生细菌的主要功能及应用,提出了现阶段内生菌研究存在的问题,并展望了内生菌研究的前景.     

The Forgotten Component of Plant Water Potential

Abstract: Experts in plant water relations are challenged to explain why the standard expression for the water potential of an intact, transpiring leaf omits one of the pressure components, namely the tissue pressure of the living leaf cells. Two questions are posed: A) Is there a reason for omitting this component? B) If not, what evidence exists that it may be ignored? When this component contributes significantly, the water potential cannot be interpreted in the accustomed way as measuring tension in the xylem sap.     

The Role of Microorganisms in Transformation of Selenium in Marine Waters

The activity of microorganisms is a decisive factor in the transformation of the essential and, at the same time, toxic selenium (Se) in marine waters. This review provides an analysis of the literature data on the microbiological regulation of the state of Se in marine waters: the role of microorganisms in eliminating toxic Se from marine waters through precipitation of reduced Se forms and in the reverse process, transformation of Se into a form available to be taken up by organisms and involvement of this element in the biogeochemical cycle. The processes of transformation of the oxidized and reduced Se forms with the participation of microorganisms in marine waters are considered. It has been shown that in anaerobic conditions bacteria use the oxidized Se forms as electron acceptors (reduction). Bioavailable selenite and selenate ions are formed in the case of aerobic oxidation. Biotransformation of dissolved Se is a key mechanism for the formation of methylated gaseous Se forms in marine waters as one of the ways to remove this element from the aquatic environment.     

叶际微生物与植物健康研究进展

叶际微生物与植物有着密切的联系,对宿主生物多样性的维持、群落的稳定和生态系统的功能具有重要意义。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,叶际微生物与植物的关系及对宿主健康的影响是近年来热点领域之一。基于明确定义的叶际概念,综述了叶际微生物群落结构、驱动因素及其与植物健康的关系,强调了叶际微生物的机遇性以及调控群落驱动因素在未来叶际微生物研究中的重要地位。加深对叶际微生物的认知,有利于实现农业微生物的功能最大化,以期为提高植物产量提供参考。     

微生物在生物能源生产中的应用(英文)

生物可再生能源是最有前景的石油替代品之一.生物能源的生产原料包括:植物、有机废弃物和微生物.微生物在生物能源生产上有着广泛的应用,利用微生物制备的主要生物能源包括:生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物甲烷等.某些微生物如微藻和真菌可以生产大量油脂,这些油脂可以转化为生物柴油;有些微生物如酵母可以将糖类、淀粉以及纤维素转化为燃料乙醇,添加乙醇的汽油或柴油燃烧排放明显降低;还有些厌氧微生物可以将有机废弃物转化为甲烷,可用做家用燃气、车用燃气或发电.除此之外微生物还具有在生产能源的同时治理环境污染的优势.总之研究开发微生物在生物能源生产中的应用有利于世界可持续发展.     

The Role of Thionins in Plant Protection

Thionins are a group of small (5000 Da), sulfur-rich plant proteins found mainly in cereals and mistletoes. Their three-dimensional structures are very compact and amphipathic, stabilized by three or four disulfide bridges. Thionins are usually basic and exert toxicity in various biological systems by destroying membranes. Thionins are synthesized as preproproteins and secreted into vacuoles, protein bodies, and the cell wall. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities point to a role as plant defense proteins. Support for this possible function comes particularly from work on the leaf thionins of barley, showing that these proteins can be induced by several stress factors. Infection of barley with mildew, one of its most devastating pathogens, leads to an incorporation of leaf thionins into papillae in incompatible interactions. The possible role of thionins to enhance the resistance of crop plants by genetic engineering is discussed.     

野生植物种质资源的保存利用与iFlora

对植物种质资源的保护和可持续利用是人类生存和发展的根基。虽然植物种质资源的收集和保存工作在全球范围内已经取得了阶段性的进展,但植物物种本身复杂的生物学特性、相关信息的不完整性以及收集保存利用过程中专业人才的缺乏,在一定程度上制约了野生植物种质资源的保存和利用。本文以中国野生植物多样性的保护现状为例,探讨了野生植物种质资源收集保存过程中面临的问题,以及iFlora计划的提出和实施对解决这些问题提供的可能解决方案。通过iFlora的实施,将极大地促进和推动我国乃至全球范围内的野生植物多样性保护和利用。作为iFlora的重要元素之一,植物DNA条形码的运用已经逐渐成熟,本文介绍了其在苔藓植物剪叶苔属,以及种子植物榕属、马先蒿属、蒟蒻薯属、红豆杉属和栝楼属中的应用。     

Tolerance of Ornamental Succulent Plant Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia milli) to Chromium and its Remediation

The potential of an ornamental shrub Crown of thorns (Euphorbia milli) was evaluated for remediation of soil contaminated with Cr. The plant is one of the rare succulent ornamental shrubs with a slow to moderate growth rate and is capable of blooming almost year-round. The plant could tolerate well up to 75 mg of applied Cr and beyond that there was mortality of plants. Though the plant could not be classified as a hyperaccumulator, the plant was still very efficient in translocating Cr from roots to shoots as evident from the data on uptake and translocation efficiency values. The translocation efficiency of over 80% in our study demonstrates that a large proportion of Cr has been translocated to the harvestable biomass of the plant and therefore, this plant could be effectively recommended for the remediation of soils contaminated with low to medium level of contamination i.e., up to 50 mg/kg soil.     

脱落酸在植物花发育过程中的作用

植物激素脱落酸(ABA)对植物的生长发育具有多方面的调节作用,比如种子休眠、萌发,营养生长,环境胁迫反应等。大量研究显示,ABA也参与了植物的成花调控。影响植物成花调控的环境因子,包括光周期变化、春化作用、干旱等均会导致植物体内ABA代谢的变化。本文从调控植物开花的4条主要途径与植物体内ABA代谢变化之间的相互关系,花芽分化时期ABA在植物叶芽和花芽中的动态分布以及离体培养条件下ABA对花芽分化的影响等方面总结了ABA与植物花发育这一领域的最新研究进展。对ABA在植物成花诱导和花发育中的作用进行了综合分析。     

茉莉酸类化合物在植物防卫反应中的作用

茉莉酸类化合物(jasmonate,JA)是诱导植物防卫反应的重要信号分子。JA不仅是系统素信号转导途径的重要组分,而且在植物长距离伤信号转导中发挥重要作用。JA还能单独或与其他激素相互作用调节与植物防卫反应相关的次生代谢物质芥子油苷的生物合成,从而影响植物的防卫反应。现对JA在植物防卫反应中的作用进行综述,并对今后这一领域的研究进行了展望。     

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Summary: Marine sponges often contain diverse and abundant microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. In some cases, these microbial associates comprise as much as 40% of the sponge volume and can contribute significantly to host metabolism (e.g., via photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation). We review in detail the diversity of microbes associated with sponges, including extensive 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses which support the previously suggested existence of a sponge-specific microbiota. These analyses provide a suitable vantage point from which to consider the potential evolutionary and ecological ramifications of these widespread, sponge-specific microorganisms. Subsequently, we examine the ecology of sponge-microbe associations, including the establishment and maintenance of these sometimes intimate partnerships, the varied nature of the interactions (ranging from mutualism to host-pathogen relationships), and the broad-scale patterns of symbiont distribution. The ecological and evolutionary importance of sponge-microbe associations is mirrored by their enormous biotechnological potential: marine sponges are among the animal kingdom's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and in at least some cases, the compounds are of microbial rather than sponge origin. We review the status of this important field, outlining the various approaches (e.g., cultivation, cell separation, and metagenomics) which have been employed to access the chemical wealth of sponge-microbe associations.