米邦塔仙人掌化学成分研究

从米邦塔仙人掌正丁醇部分分离到10个化合物。应用色谱和光谱分析方法分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、β-羟基-3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙酮(2)、2,3,4-三羟基戊酸(3)、4-甲氧基桂皮酸(4)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸(5)、5-羟基阿魏酸(6)、4-羟基肉桂酸(7)、原儿茶酸(8)、n-butyl eucomate(9)和eucomic acid(10)。化合物2～10为首次从该植物分离得到。     

“米邦塔”仙人掌营养及功能成分分析

本文对“米邦塔”仙人掌不同部位的主要营养成分及功能特性进行研究。实验结果表明“米邦塔”仙人掌属于典型的高钾低钠型植物,皮、渣、汁中钾钠含量比分别为56．1：1,36．5：1,13．4：1;皮、渣中黄酮含量较高,其含量分别达到0．231％,0．164％;新鲜仙人掌汁中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）活力高达103．79U／mL,多糖含量高达1．96％。     

仙人掌在美容化妆品行业中的应用及开发

简要介绍了仙人掌在美容化妆品行业的应用方向,仙人掌原料的制备工艺以及仙人掌化妆品的设计理念,以期为仙人掌在美容化妆品领域的应用开发提供一些建议.     

保健蔬菜黄秋葵的应用价值与前景

黄秋葵是一种具有较高营养价值的新型保健蔬菜,有很高的应用价值和潜力。主要介绍了黄秋葵近年来的研究概况,包括其分布与生长环境、营养成分与保健价值、贮藏与保鲜技术及其应用和开发进展等,在此基础上展望黄秋葵未来的研究热点。     

我国海南仙人掌的成分分析及开发前景

本文对我国海南省的野生仙人掌（仙人掌科Haw仙人掌）中的蛋白质、氨基酸、糖类、维生素、黄酮以及矿物质元素和SOD活属于性等进行了测定。对小鼠进行的急性毒性试验表明,仙人掌冻干粉没有任何毒副作用,而抑菌试验表明,仙人掌的水提物和醇提物均有比较明显的抑制细胞的作用。参考目前国际上对仙人掌的开发研究经验,认为应该对海南仙人掌的营养成分、果胶成分、抑菌成分和抗氧化成分（SOD）等,从食品、保健品、药品等不同层次,分近、中、长期进行有计划地开发研究。     

纳豆在保健和医疗上的应用价值

1　一种古老的多效价的保健食品蒸熟的大豆 ,通过细菌学的发酵作用 ,使其成熟 ,即为具有独特风格 ,外周布满一层多量的白色粘质状物的纳豆(Natto)。这种日本国特产 ,不仅有丰富的营养价值 ,而且含有多种效价的医学保健功能 ,是一种百姓非常喜爱的民间传统的药、食两用的大豆制品。由资料查寻而知 ,这种产品起源于日本江户时代 [1 ] ,距今已有几百年的历史。据统计 ,迄今为止 ,世界各地的大豆制品已多达几千种 ,其中包括具有几千年生产历史的中国传统多系列的大豆制品在内、以及依托现代科学技术生产的新兴的大豆制品 ,尚无一个完整的、科学…     

胶原蛋白的开发与应用研究进展

胶原蛋白(collagen)是一类哺乳动物细胞外基质中的主要结构蛋白,广泛地存在于皮肤、骨骼、肌肉等组织中,主要参与细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和信号传递等生理生化行为,对组织细胞等起着支撑、修复、保护的作用。由于胶原蛋白具有良好的生物学特性,其在组织工程、临床医学、食品工业、包装材料、化妆品、医学美容、生物材料以及医疗器械等方面都有着广泛的应用。本文综述了胶原蛋白的生物学特性及其在国内外生物工程研究开发中的研究进展,并对胶原蛋白未来开发的前景进行了展望。     

仙人掌的天然活性成分研究回顾

该综述参阅了近 2 0年来国内外有关仙人掌的研究报导和有关书刊 ,对各类仙人掌中的天然活性成分 ,如生物碱类尤其是墨斯卡林、黄酮类如黄酮醇、甾醇类如谷甾醇以及其他成分如油脂、蛋白质、多糖类、微量元素等的研究状况进行了全面地综合和归类 ,对仙人掌的开发应用情况及前景做了细致的分析和展望。     

锁阳相关制剂及保健品的开发与应用研究进展

锁阳历史悠久,疗效甚佳,被广泛应用于医疗和保健领域。锁阳中含有丰富的活性物质,使其具有广泛的药理作用。目前以锁阳为主开发的制剂包括丸剂、散剂、片剂、胶囊剂、冲剂等多种剂型,以锁阳为主开发的保健品品种较多,如锁阳酒、锁阳饮料、锁阳茶、锁阳黄酮咀嚼片、锁阳膳食纤维等。虽然已开发的锁阳相关制剂及保健品品种较多,但对锁阳的治疗价值及保健功能体现仍不够齐全,临床应用范围较窄,推广应用不足,未来仍有较大的开发及应用潜力。     

Purification and neuroprotective effects of polysaccharides from Opuntia Milpa Alta in cultured cortical neurons

Opuntia is a traditional plant from China with medicinal applications. In this experiment, polysaccharides from Opuntia Milpa Alta (MAPs) were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method and result showed that MAPs contained mannose (6.37%), rhamnose (14.94%), xylose (1.99%), arabinose (24.07%), galactose (38.25%), ribose (2.63%) and glucose (11.48%). The neuroprotective effects of MAPs were evaluated at the mechanistic level in vitro models of cerebral ischemic injury. In vitro oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) model, MAPs (0.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml) effectively increased cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, inhibited cell cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, reduced neuronal cell death, suppressed the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]_i), and reduced extracellular glutamate level. Therefore, MAPs might prevent intracellular calcium overload and decreased glutamate excitotoxicity, both of which can cause neuronal injury and death in vitro models of cerebral ischemic injury.     

胭脂虫寄生前后梨果仙人掌挥发性物质的变化

为了研究胭脂虫Dactylopius coccus Costa寄生前后梨果仙人掌(Opuntia ficus-indica Mill)挥发性物质的变化,以动态顶空密闭循环吸附捕集法捕集胭脂虫寄生前后梨果仙人掌的挥发物,并运用全自动热脱附-气相色谱/质谱(ATD-GC/MS)联用技术进行分析检测,用峰面积归一化法测定其相对含量。结果表明,无虫梨果仙人掌的挥发物中共检测到8种化合物,有虫的梨果仙人掌中共检测到9种化合物,化合物的种类和含量都有一定的变化;萜烯类是植食昆虫诱导的植物挥发性次生物质中的主要成分,本试验中,萜烯类在胭脂虫寄生前后的含量由23.12%降为6.98%。在无虫仙人掌的挥发物中检测出苯甲醛,含量约占1.73%,有虫的仙人掌中则未检测到;同样在有虫仙人掌挥发物中检出的其他物质如酯类(21.15%)、醇类(1.79%)和卤代芳烃类(1.51%)物质在无虫仙人掌植株中都未检测出。     

仙人掌多糖对蛋白质糖基化终产物和醛糖还原酶的抑制效应

以仙人掌为原料提取多糖产品,通过超滤浓缩和不同浓度乙醇分级沉淀,分别得到55%乙醇沉淀的多糖(OPMC I),进一步乙醇浓度增至80%沉淀的多糖(OPMCⅡ),以及一次性80%乙醇沉淀的多糖(OPMCⅢ)。比较了三种多糖对蛋白质非酶糖基化反应的终端产物(AGEs)和醛糖还原酶(AR)形成的抑制作用。结果表明,在对AGEs形成的抑制过程中,第四周时OPMC II的抑制作用较强,且强于同剂量的氨基胍;在对AR活性的抑制作用中,OPMC II在三种多糖样品中抑制作用最强,但明显低于阳性对照物依帕司他。     

Rapid propagation of tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) and plant establishment in soil

Explants from young joints of mature plants of tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 8.8 M benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoots produced were utilized as secondary explants. Each shoot was cut longitudinally from apex to base into two explants, and some of these explants were cut transversely into proximal and distal explants. The size and number of shoots produced was affected by size and position of the explant within its source. The shoots were rooted in vitro or ex vitro and plants were successfully established in soil from both rooting methods.Abbreviations AC activated charcoal - BA benzyladenine - IBA indolebutyric acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) medium - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid     

仙人掌属植物的化学成分、药理作用及开发利用(综述)

本文从生物学特性、分布、化学成分及用途等方面,对国内外仙人掌属植物的研究进展进行综述,对该属植物开发、医药研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Vertebrate frugivory and seed dispersal of a Chihuahuan Desert cactus

Vertebrate frugivory of fleshy-fruited plants may be very important for the recruitment of sexually derived seedlings if it represents the main mechanism of primary seed-dispersal.Opuntia rastrera produces fleshy fruits rich in water and sugars that are attractive to vertebrate frugivores. However, there is a very low rate of seedling recruitment in natural conditions. One of the causes that can influence this low recruitment is an insufficient seed dispersal due to a low fruit removal even under different resource (fruits) availability. To test this prediction, we studied the production and consumption of fruits in two consecutive years in two vegetation types: nopaleras (dense Opuntia-dominated scrublands) and grasslands with sparse populations of O. rastrera. Plant cover, fruit production and removal, and frugivore identity were recorded within each vegetation type in four randomly selected circular plots (7854 m²). Fruit production per area was higher in nopaleras in both years whereas per cladode production did not differ between vegetation types but differed between years in response to variation in precipitation. Fruit consumption by vertebrates was high (100%) and independent of spatial and temporal fruit availability. The intensity of fruit removal was inversely related to resource availability: it was faster in the less dense community (grassland) and in the driest year. Contrary to other studies with similar cacti, fruit removal by small mammals was insignificant whereas main consumers were birds and large mammals. Vertebrate frugivory represents the only mechanism of primary dispersal of seeds as all fruits are removed in about one month. Despite the high quantity of viable seeds (more than one million per ha in nopaleras and a tenth of that in grasslands) that are dispersed by frugivores after the consumption of about 300 kg of fruit per ha in nopaleras and a tenth of that in grasslands, the rare establishment of seedlings (about one seedling per three million of seeds produced) reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between O. rastrera and the disperser guild is indeed very asymmetrical. We speculate that the harsh conditions for cactus establishment found in this ecosystem demand a high investment in disperser rewards (fleshy fruits) to allow a very modest rate of sexually-derived seedling establishment.     

FHL蛋白与肺动脉高压研究进展

FHL（four-and-a-half-LIM domain）是含4（1/2）个LIM结构域富含半胱氨酸的细胞骨架蛋白,LIM是一种在C.elegans线虫的Lin-1和Mec-3基因及大鼠Isl-1基因编码的DNA结合蛋白中分离鉴定出来的基因序列,LIM取三个基因的首字母而成。FHL家族含FHL-1-5五个成员,而FHL-1-3最早发现在心脏的发育过程中起重要作用,后面发现在肺动脉高压中有促进增殖、迁移等作用。本文就FHL家族和肺动脉高压关系作一综述,阐明FHL蛋白在PH进程中的重要作用。     

实验雪貂饲育笼的设计与应用

目的设计开发一种实用的实验雪貂饲育笼具。方法根据雪貂的生物学特性并参考有关实验动物笼器具标准进行设计。结果该笼舍完全能适用于普通环境条件下的饲养和繁殖。结论该笼具操作和使用方便,具有一定的应用和推广前景。     

中药炭药的临床应用及作用机理研究

制炭是将净药材用武火炒至表面焦黑,内部焦黄的一种中药炮制方法.不同的中药炒炭标准略有差异,炒制程度不同,药效不同.本文从炭药的临床应用、中药炒炭前后药性和功效的改变、制炭对中药品质的影响以及与炭药药效作用相关的作用机理研究等角度,分析和总结了炒炭类中药的研究现状,探讨了炒炭类中药的发展思路,为指导炭药在临床上的合理应用,建立炒炭类中药规范的炮制工艺、科学完善的检验标准提供参考.