Vicariance in a Cryptic Species Pair of European Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae)

Following the first records of Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) boldorii Beier, 1934 in central Europe, a species which was previously assumed to occur exclusively in Mediterranean caves, 116 series (595 specimens) of the cryptic taxa C. (E.) boldorii and C. (E.) fuscimanus Simon, 1900 (Syn. C. (E.) austriacus Beier, 1931) were re-examined. Although multivariate analyses suggest specific separation, there is only one unequivocal character for discrimination: the presence or absence of a single isolated tooth on the moveable finger of the chelicerae. The distributions were found to be largely allopatric, therefore it is concluded that the species rank of the two morphospecies is justified. North of the Alps, an almost vicariant pattern emerged: east of 14° E fuscimanus occurs, west of this line boldorii occurs. The results provide a basis for discussing the relevance of minute morphological differences in pseudoscorpion taxonomy.     

Hieracium busambarense,a new species of the sect. Grovesiana (Asteraceae) from Sicily (Italy)

Hieracium busambarense (Asteraceae), a new species from calcareous-dolomite cliffs of Rocca Busambra (western Sicily, Italy) is described and illustrated here.     

Dactylospora mangrovei sp. nov. (Discomycetes, ascomycota) from mangrove wood

A new speciesDactylospora mangrovei is described and illustrated and compared withD. haliotrepha andD. canariensis, all marine inhabiting species.Dactylospora haliotrepha andD. mangrovei are tropical/sub-tropical mangrove species collected in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand, whileD. canariensis was described from temperate waters. A map of the geographical distribution of the three marineDactylospora species is presented.     

Spiders of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Aldabra atoll

A total of 36 spider species of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae are recorded from Aldabra atoll. Of these, 26 are described as new, together with one new subspecies. The taxonomy of the new species is discussed and, for comparative purposes, five other species not from Aldabra are illustrated. One new synonymy is established. Records for each species are given with, in some cases, notes on biology. The possible biological significance of the egg sac strings found in some species is considered. Finally, the biogeographical affinities of the Aldabra species are briefly discussed.     

Porphyra lilliputiana sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): A diminutive New Zealand endemic with novel reproductive biology

A new species of Porphyra, Porphyra lilliputiana, is described for the New Zealand region. This species is very small ([5] 10–20 [35] mm) and is found growing epiphytically, epilithically and epizoically on upper inter-tidal shores of moderate exposure. Field-collected material of P. lilliputiana possessed archeosporangia, endosporangia, spermatangia and zygotosporangia. In culture, archeospores vi/ere released and germinated to form thalli. Endosporangia either developed directly into thalli or released endospores which individually formed thalli. Zygotospores developed into the concho-celis phase, which formed conchosporangia. Released conchospores formed thalli. This species is distinguished by its small size, arrangement of reproductive cells, occurrence of endosporangia, dentate margin and habitat.     

Chirognathia dracula gen. et spec. nov. (Gnathostomulida) from the west coast of North America

A new gnathostomulid genus and species, Chirognathia dracula gen. et spec. nov., is described from intertidal surf grass (Phyllospadix) rhizomes on high-energy coasts of Vancouver Island (Canada) and Bodega Bay (California). The characteristics of the reproductive system place the new genus in Bursovaginoidea-Scleroperalia and features of the mouth parts (except for the absence of a jugum) assign it to the family Gnathostomulidae. Chirognathia nov. gen. is characterized by a delicate, transverse shield-shaped basal plate and by jaws with three tooth rows, of which the median appears as a bundle.     

Rhododrilus sexpapillatus n.sp. (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from New Zealand

Abstract

A new earthworm species belonging to the acanthodriline genus Rhododrilus is described from the North Island of New Zealand, elevating the generic total (excluding Australian forms) to 30 species. The new taxon forms part of the species-group with incomplete fusion of the male and prostatic terminalia. Its most closely related congener is the geographically proximate R. papaensis. Though exhibiting great heterogeneity, suggestive of polyphyly, the genus remains taxonomically convenient. It probably encompasses convergent forms, the ancestral affinities of which may never be ascertained.     

中国云南铜蛛属2新种（蜘蛛目：跳蛛科）

本文对采自云南的铜蛛属Chalcoscirtus Bertkau,1880蜘蛛2新种Chalcoscirtus lii sp.nov.和Chalcoscirtus yinae sp.nov..做了详细的文字描述,并附有鉴别特征图和地理分布数据.模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院.     

Folsomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) of China. II. heterocellata group

An annotated list of species of the Folsomia heterocellata group recorded in China is given. Folsomia cephalota n. sp., F. dorsomediaseta n. sp., F. longiseta n. sp., F. manubriopilosa n. sp., F. longdeica n. sp., and F. plenosensilla n. sp. are characterized by having a simple maxillary palp, four prelabral setae and no eyes. They differentiate mainly by characteristics of the furca. We report other species of the group which are recorded for the first time in China: Folsomia tianshanica Martynova, 1969, F. pseudovtorovi Potapov & Gulgenova, 2013, and F. pseudodecemoculata Stebaeva, 1971. This excludes F. wanxianensis Ji, Ding & Chen, 2007, for which we provide morphological remarks based on the type material. The group is mainly distributed in the central part of China (Chongqing, Gansu, southern part of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Shaanxi provinces). A key to all blind species with a simple maxillary palp is given.     

Townsendia gypsophila (Compositae: Astereae): a new species from northern New Mexico

Townsendia gypsophila, a new species from Sandoval Co., New Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is a narrowly distributed obligate gypsophile closely related toT. fendleri andT. incana. It overlaps the ranges of the two taxa at the edge of their distributional limits in New Mexico.     

Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of Olearia (Astereae: Asteraceae)

 Analyses of ITS sequences for 49 species of Olearia, including representatives from all currently recognised intergeneric sections, and 43 species from 23 other genera of Astereae, rooted on eight sequences from Anthemideae, provide no support for the monophyly of this large and morphologically diverse Australasian genus. Eighteen separate lineages of Olearia are recognised, including seven robust groups. Three of these groups and another eight species are placed within a primary clade incorporating representatives of Achnophora, Aster, Brachyscome, Calotis, Camptacra, Erigeron, Felicia, Grangea, Kippistia, Lagenifera, Minuria, Oritrophium, Peripleura, Podocoma, Remya, Solidago, Tetramolopium and Vittadinia. The remaining four groups and three individual species lie within a sister clade that also includes Celmisia, Chiliotrichum, Damnamenia, Pleurophyllum and Pachystegia. Relationships within each primary clade are poorly resolved. There is some congruence between this molecular estimate of the phylogeny and the distribution of types of abaxial leaf-hair, which is the basis of the present sectional classification of Olearia, but all states appear to have arisen more than once within the tribe. It is concluded that those species placed within the second primary clade should be removed from the genus, but the extent to which species placed within the first primary clade constitute a monophyletic group can only be resolved with further sequence data. Received November 12, 2001; accepted April 29, 2002 Published online: November 22, 2002 Addresses of authors: Edward W. Cross, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (E-mail: ed.cross@csiro.au); Christopher J . Quinn, Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Rd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Steven J. Wagstaff, Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand.     

Description of Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae)

Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp., collected from soil about roots of a red maple (Acer rubrum L.) in a creek bottom near Ludwig. Johnson County, Arkansas, is described. It differs from two closely related species, D. marylandicus and D. heterocephalus, by the longer spike on the female tail, the lenght of the female tail, and the shape of the extrudable portion of the gubernaculum of the males. It further differs from D. marylandicus by having heavily sclerotized accessory pieces of the vuvla and from D. heterocephalus by having a shorter stylet.     

Munnogonium affinissp. n.: A New Species of Isopod (Asellota: Paramunnidae) from the Coast of Korea,Sea of Japan

The new species Munnogonium affinisfrom the coast of Korea (the Sea of Japan) is described. This is the first record of the genus Munnogoniumfrom the western Pacific. The new species differs considerably from the four eastern Pacific American species of this genus and is most similar to M. maltiniifrom the Mediterranean Sea.     

New species and new records in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the state of Bahia,Brazil

Two new species are described from Bahia (Brazil): Coleoxestia beckeri (Cerambycini), and Oncioderes obliqua (Onciderini). Nine species are recorded for the first time for Bahia (Brazil). Key to species of Oncioderes Martins & Galileo, 1990 is provided. Coleoxestia beckeri is included in a previous key.