论山东、辽宁寒武系炒米店组底部(古丈阶顶部)小凤凰虫(Fenghuangella Yang in Zhou et al.,1977)北大核心

本文对在山东济南市钢城区九龙山和辽宁东部大连市白家山寒武系炒米店组底部报道的小凤凰虫,进行了详细的描述及修订。根据与小凤凰虫共生的三叶虫对于华北地台区苗岭统与芙蓉统的界线进行了深入探讨,将产有小凤凰虫的Liostracina simesi-Placosema convexa组合带作为华北地台区苗岭统古丈阶最上部的一个化石带,而将Prochuangia mansuyi的首现作为华北地台区芙蓉统排碧阶的底界,对于华南斜坡相区和华北地台区苗岭统和芙蓉统之间界线划分和对比具有重要意义。     

辽宁大连复州湾寒武系芙蓉统微生物岩特征研究

辽宁复州湾剖面寒武系地层出露连续且沉积现象较为丰富,芙蓉统长山组、凤山组微生物岩发育.研究区寒武系芙蓉统微生物岩多为小型柱状,与围岩有明显界限,纹层较为模糊,与华北其他地区寒武系芙蓉统大型柱状叠层石有明显差异.芙蓉统微生物岩主要由暗色致密泥晶和微亮晶颗粒组成,内部发育有生物碎屑、白云石、方解石和黄铁矿颗粒等,显示出微生...     

全尾宽背虫Bathynotus holopygus (Hall, 1859)在 贵州剑河八郎寒武系凯里组的首次发现及意义

宽背虫属Bathynotus (Hall, 1859)广泛分布于劳伦古大陆、中国华南地区、澳大利亚和西伯利亚, 为寒武纪第二世末期最重要的标志性三叶虫之一,已成为寒武系划分的重要指示化石。其模式种B. holopygus以其狭长的颊刺、胸轴宽, 第11节肋刺巨大, 第12、13节肋刺不发育为主要特征;具有很强的地域性, 仅分布于华南和北美, 在华南主要见于寒武系扬子区与江南区之间过渡区的黔东地区。B. holopygus产出地层延限较窄, 仅见于寒武系第二统第四阶顶部。本文所描述的部分标本采自贵州剑河八郎苗板坡剖面苗岭统及乌溜阶界线之下2 m左右, 是在该地的首次报道, 也是全球仅有的第4个产地。笔者通过数理统计值分析进一步描述B. holopygus的特征和发育趋势, 为进一步属种研究提供新材料; 根据新发现的唇瓣标本进一步推测其唇瓣与腹边缘为愈合状态。     

论寒武纪小山城子属

根据唐山市丰润区左家坞镇半壁山寒武系炒米店组下部含海绿石灰岩夹竹叶状灰岩中采集的三叶虫标本, 对小山城子虫属的定义和时代进行了修订, 将后平壤虫Metapianaspis Qian, 1994, 扎浪滩虫Zhalangtania Zhou in Zhou et al., 1996与小山城子虫属合并; 对其时代和分类位置进行了讨论, 将小山城子虫属归于唇头虫科 Cheilocephalidae Shaw, 1956, 在华北寒武系苗岭统顶部新建了Liostracina simesi-Placosema convexa带, 对于华北浅水台地相区和华南深水斜坡相区地层对比具有重要意义。     

贵州松桃寒武系第二统清虚洞组腕足动物 Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis的发现

微型腕足动物化石镇巴始壮贝Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis常见于陕南、峡东水井沱组与黔东麻江九门冲组等地寒武纪地层中,在贵州松桃盘信寒武系第二统清虚洞组薄层灰岩中为首次发现。通过与华南其他地区E. zhenbaensis的背壳长宽比及中隔板等结构特征比较,发现松桃盘信清虚洞组E. zhenbaensis与浅水扬子地台的陕南、峡东地区的E. zhenbaensis壳体内部特征较为相似,包括肉茎孔形成阶段、肉茎孔封闭阶段及交互沟伸长阶段3个生长发育阶段标本,与较深水过渡区麻江的E. zhenbaensis略有差异。贵州松桃盘信寒武系第二统清虚洞组E. zhenbaensis的发现,扩展了该属化石在华南寒武纪第二世的古地理分布,丰富了该组腕足动物组成面貌,为研究E. zhenbaensis形态结构特征提供了新材料。     

华北寒武系第二统辛集组软舌螺动物化石群*

软舌螺动物是华北板块寒武系小壳化石基本组成之一,也是寒武纪生命大爆发在华北地区的重要见证者。本文系统描述了华北板块南缘-西南缘(河南-陕西地区)寒武系第二统辛集组软舌螺化石9属14种及1未定种。包括直管螺类6属9种:Conotheca australiensis、Cupitheca holocyclata、Cupitheca costellata、Cupitheca? decollata、Tegminites hymenodes、Triplicatella disdoma、Triplicatella xinjia、Protomicrocornus triplicensis和Longxiantheca mira;软舌螺类3属5种及1未定种:Microcornus eximius、Microcornus petilus、Parkula cf. esmeraldina、Parkula bounites、Parakorilithes mammillatus和Parakorilithes sp.。基于大量保存的精美聚合标本,本文准确重建了锥壳和口盖在软舌螺不同属种中的配置。此外,新材料显示华北辛...     

以三叶虫及牙形石论中、美寒武纪地层对比

二十世纪中叶以后,中、美寒武纪地层研究都有重大进展。三叶虫是寒武纪的重要化石,中、晚寒武世牙形石有显著的生物地层意义。二十世纪中叶国内研究寒武系的学者,认为北美寒武系与西欧及北欧的相似,与中国的差异较大。目前看来,北美东部斜坡相区的寒武系与西欧、北欧相似外,北美西部广大地区(包括阿拉斯加、加拿大及美国境内的落基山等地区),分别与西伯利亚,蒙古西北部一些地区,及我国华北、东北南部及华南等地区的寒武系关系较近。北美西部Nevada及Utah等地也显示地台区及斜坡相区的不同。文内对两个地区早、中、晚寒武世地层内相同的属或种,分别进行对比。两地区属种相同的数目,由老到新逐渐增多。岩石方面,也有相似之处,如Pioche页岩和馒头组的岩性,Notch Peak灰岩与凤山组藻类灰岩及Hales灰岩与华北晚寒武世的竹叶状灰岩等,都有相似之处。     

华北陆块西南缘寒武系辛集组Stenotheca型和Pelagiella型壳体化石几何形态测量学初探

华北陆块普遍缺失寒武系纽芬兰统至第二统下部的地层,其西南缘较为广泛分布的辛集组是研究区内最早接受沉积的一套寒武纪地层,产出大量的小壳化石,时代为寒武纪第三期中晚期至第四期早期。辛集组的小壳化石中包括大量特征明显,具有锥状、内卷式、松旋壳体的软体动物化石。本文在华北西南缘陕西洛南县灵口地区新发现的梧桐沟剖面、焦村剖面和前人研究过的陇县柴家洼剖面寒武系辛集组中下部获取了数千枚化石标本,并从中选取了保存较为完好的32枚软体动物化石和6枚前人文献中报道的相关化石(Anabarellaaustralis Runnegar in Bengtson et al., 1990, Stenotheca transbaikalica Parkhaev, 2004, Anabarella drepanoida He et Pei, 1984,PelagiellaaduncaMissarzhevskyinRozanov&Missarzhevsky,1966,AuriculaspiraaduncaHeetPei,1984,Auriculaspiramadianensis Zhou et Xiao, 19...     

贵州麻江羊跳寒武系九门冲组微体化石初探北大核心CSCD

贵州麻江羊跳剖面寒武系九门冲组发育一套富含有机质的灰岩,经室内醋酸浸泡处理后,发现有海绵动物骨针和腕足动物的微体骨骼化石。海绵动物骨针包括粗短三轴六射针和细长三轴六射针。腕足动物经对比研究后将其鉴定为Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis,外部特征和内部结构均与陕南和鄂西地区的E.zhenbaensis非常相似,具有贝体轮廓亚圆形或横卵形、壳体饰以明显的同心纹,腹壳内顶坑浅弱或不发育、顶突起微凸,背壳假铰合面明显、中间沟和中支板发育良好等特征。E.zhenbaensis主要见于中国扬子区陕南和鄂西的寒武纪第二世地层中,在黔东斜坡相区九门冲组中尚属首次报道。E.zhenbaensis在黔东寒武系九门冲组的发现,不仅丰富了该组的生物组成面貌,扩展其地理分布,而且可为扬子区和过渡区不同岩石地层单位之间的对比提供信息。麻江羊跳寒武系九门冲组微体化石远较鄂西和陕南等地水井沱组中微体化石的分异度低,可能与当时麻江地区水体较深有关,为研究不同相区生物群落结构的变化提供了资料。     

新疆库鲁克塔格早寒武世西大山组的三叶虫

库鲁克塔格地区的寒武纪地层,早在1928—1932年间,诺林(E.Norin)曾作过不少工作,并将本区寒武系命名为“突尔沙克塔格建造”(E.Norin,1937),标准剖面地点在库鲁克塔格西部的突尔沙克塔格及却尔却克山一带。所采化石经丘迪生(G.T.Troedsson,1937)研究,判定动物群的时代为晚寒武世,其中以三叶虫为主。张日东、俞昌民等(1959)根据莫合尔山北坡所测的寒武系剖面,划分为三个统:即突尔沙克塔格统(上统)、莫合尔山统(中统)及西大山统(下统)。近年来,新疆地质局等单位组成的新疆前寒武纪地质研究组,及章森桂、高振家(1981)根据莫合尔山北坡及西大山的下寒武统剖面,将原来的西大山组一分为二。下寒武统上部仍沿用“西大山组”一名,仅限于代表下寒武统上部的一套碳酸盐岩;而下寒武统下     

First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale

Pettersson Stolk, S., Holmer, L. E. and Caron, J ‐B. 2010. First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91 : 150–162 The organophosphatic shells of linguloid brachiopods are a common component of normal Cambrian–Ordovician shelly assemblages. Preservation of linguloid soft‐part anatomy, however, is extremely rare, and restricted to a few species in Lower Cambrian Konservat Lagerstätten. Such remarkable occurrences provide unique insights into the biology and ecology of early linguloids that are not available from the study of shells alone. Based on its shells, Lingulella waptaensis Walcott, was originally described in 1924 from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale but despite the widespread occurrence of soft‐part preservation associated with fossils from the same levels, no preserved soft parts have been reported. Lingulella waptaensis is restudied herein based on 396 specimens collected by Royal Ontario Museum field parties from the Greater Phyllopod Bed (Walcott Quarry Shale Member, British Columbia). The new specimens, including three with exceptional preservation of the pedicle, were collected in situ in discrete obrution beds. Census counts show that L. waptaensis is rare but recurrent in the Greater Phyllopod Bed, suggesting that this species might have been generalist. The wrinkled pedicle protruded posteriorly between the valves, was composed of a central coelomic space, and was slender and flexible enough to be tightly folded, suggesting a thin chitinous cuticle and underlying muscular layers. The nearly circular shell and the long, slender and highly flexible pedicle suggest that L. waptaensis lived epifaunally, probably attached to the substrate. Vertical cross‐sections of the shells show that L. waptaensis possessed a virgose secondary layer, which has previously only been known from Devonian to Recent members of the Family Lingulidae.     

Fuxianospira gyrata和Morania fragmenta(宏观藻类)在华北寒武系馒头组的发现

本文描述了山东省临朐县龙岗村寒武系苗岭统乌溜阶馒头组上页岩段的宏观藻类化石,计2属2种:环圈螺旋抚仙藻Fuxianospira gyrata Chen et Zhou, 1997和碎片玛拉利亚藻Morania fragmenta Walcott, 1919。这两种藻类在大小和形态上可与布尔吉斯页岩和澄江生物群中的宏观藻类相比较。本研究通过探讨藻体的长宽比,认为M.fragmenta的碎片状形态可能是藻体本身生长而成的形态,而不是其命名者所认为的碎裂而成的形态。这两个属种首次在馒头组的发现,拓展了其时空分布,为华北地区寒武纪宏观藻类研究提供了较有价值的资料。     

山东寒武系苗岭统三叶虫消化系统的化石证据

三叶虫是寒武纪演化动物群中最引人注目的成员之一,其内部解剖结构一直以来受到广泛关注.与其他非生物矿化软体结构相比,三叶虫的消化系统更容易留下化石记录,为探索其内部结构提供了难得的机会.本文描述了来自山东省潍坊市寒武系馒头组的Proasaphiscus,Lioparia,Deiradonyx和Iranoleesia,以及...     

Benthic primary producers in exceptionally preserved Cambrian biotas of North China

Strata situated within the South China Craton host several key Cambrian macroalgal assemblages, including those of the Chengjiang, Kaili, and Tsinghsutung Lagerstätte. In this report, Cambrian macroalgae are described for the first time from the North China Craton, an area that, during the early Paleozoic, was not contiguous with the South China Craton. The material collected from the Mantou Formation and overlying Zhangxia Formation (Miaolingian Series) in Shandong Province is preserved as carbonaceous compressions and includes abundant simple tubular forms. These fall into two groupings on the basis of size and have characteristics broadly comparable to Fuxianospira gyrata and Sinocylindra yunnanensis, both of which are well-known from the Chengjiang biota and may represent simple siphonous green algae. Additional material includes irregular circular to oval films referable to Morania fragmenta and a tuft-like form superficially similar to Marpolia spissa, taxa with possible cyanophyte affinities described initially on the basis of material from the Burgess Shale but also known from the Cambrian of South China. The material is typical of the “Cambrian Flora” and provides further support for the cosmopolitan distribution of this noncalcified macroalgal flora at low latitude settings during the Cambrian.     

A spinose stem group brachiopod with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale

A new genus and species of a Middle Cambrian stem group brachiopod, Acanthotretella spinosa n. gen. and n. sp., is described from the Burgess Shale Formation. Most of the 42 specimens studied came from the Greater Phyllopod bed (Walcott Quarry) and were collected from five bed assemblages, each representing a single obrution event. Specimens are probably preserved within their original habitat. In contrast to all brachiopods known from the Burgess Shale, the shells of the new stem group brachiopod are often deformed and do not show signs of brittle breakage, which suggests that the valves were originally either entirely organic in composition or, more likely, had just a minor mineral component. Acanthotretella spinosa differs from all the other described Cambrian brachiopods in that it is covered by long, slender and possibly partly mineralized spines that are posteriorly inclined at an oblique angle away from the anterior margin. The spines penetrate the shell and are mainly comparable with the thorn‐like organic objects that have been inferred from early siphonotretoid brachiopods. The pedicle was slender and was composed of a central coelomic region and emerged from an apical foramen at the end of an internal pedicle tube. The finding of a pedicle attached to the macrobenthic algae Dictyophycus and other epibenthos implies that A. spinosa did not have an infaunal mode of life. The visceral region and interior characters are poorly preserved.     

安徽淮南早寒武世蠕虫化石的发现

Ｐａｌａｅｏｓｃｏｌｅｘｈｕａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．是我国华北地区寒武纪地层中首次发现的蠕虫化石，也是我国寒武纪地层中所发现的蠕虫化石的最高层位。     

Oldhamia radiata: the trace of an undermat miner from the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation,western Henan,North China

Oldhamia trace fossils represent a complex horizontal burrow system usually associated with microbial mats, occurring in the upper part of the Cambrian Stage 2 of the Terreneuvian Series, with a peak in abundance during Stage 3 and 4 of Series 2, and then rapidly disappearing in the Wuliuan Stage of the Miaolingian Series. We here report Oldhamia radiata from the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation in western Henan of North China, associated with microbial mats, as evidenced by the presence of wrinkle structures. The distinctive patterns indicate the exploitation of microbial mats by the tracemakers of O. radiata, featuring a specific feeding strategy under the mats where possibly anoxic and sulfidic conditions prevailed during the early Cambrian.     

皖北地区寒武系芙蓉统炒米店组中上部的索克虫类三叶虫*

塔里木盆地塔中台地奥陶系海百合茎化石丰富。本文通过研究塔中35井上奥陶统良里塔格组和桑塔木组岩芯中的海百合与其共生生物的关系, 讨论了海百合化石的古生态。在塔中35井上奥陶统取芯中识别出7种海百合茎类型: 圆圆茎、星星茎、星圆茎、椭圆圆茎、星椭圆茎、圆角星星茎和不规则星茎, 根据茎板形态划分为五射茎板组(Pentameri)、椭圆茎板组(Elliptici)、圆茎板组(Cyclici)、特殊茎板组(Varii)四种组合类型; 统计了海百合茎化石各种切面的大小和百分含量; 结合岩性分析了每段地层的沉积环境。研究发现, 在局限泻湖环境下, 蓝细菌–四分珊瑚为主的生物组合中不见海百合化石碎片; 仅见腹足类和介壳类化石的细砂屑滩中, 偶见细小的海百合茎化石; 在开阔海环境中, 海百合广泛与苔藓虫、管孔藻、粗枝藻等共生。在海百合–苔藓虫组合中, 海百合茎板的类型最丰富多样, 五射茎板组、椭圆茎板组、圆茎板组、特殊茎板组等四种茎板组合类型都存在; 在管孔藻–海百合组合中, 海百合茎板主要为圆茎板类型, 粗大、密集, 海百合茎碎片含量最高; 在海百合–粗枝藻组合中, 海百合茎板的数量减少、大小变小, 但茎板的类型比较丰富, 四种茎板组合类型都有。由此认为, 塔中台地上奥陶统沉积期, 海百合生长的首选环境为开阔台地, 并受水动力能量和水体清洁度控制: 水动力能量高, 水体清洁, 海百合繁盛; 水动力能量低, 水体动荡浑浊, 海百合可以生存; 水动力能量低、较为动荡、微生物席发育的环境, 不利于海百合生存。     

凯里生物群腕足动物与游泳动物 共存现象研究

腕足动物是贵州凯里生物群中重要的化石门类,不仅化石数量丰富,分异度高,还具有丰富的生态现象。在寒武系的化石记录上,腕足动物常与海绵、藻类、棘皮动物、水母状生物、软舌螺、威瓦西亚虫、其他腕足动物等保存在一起,凯里生物群中的腕足动物也有类似的共存现象。本文就凯里生物群中腕足动物与游泳动物的共存现象进行了初步研究,认为腕足动物与贵州拟轮盘水母Pararotadiscus guizhouensis存在共栖、共埋两种关系,讨论了这两种关系的不同之处;分析了腕足动物与大型双瓣壳节肢动物加拿大虫Canadaspis的共存现象,推测一只腕足动物与Canadaspis共同保存的化石记录表明这两种生物存在共栖关系。本文的研究丰富了凯里生物群物种之间的生态关系,为凯里生物群的生态多样性提供了更多的证据。     

贵州寒武系杷榔组Sphenothallus Hall,1847的发现及古生态意义*

在安徽省萧县凤凰山剖面炒米店组中上部(江山阶上部到第十阶)岩层中采得丰富的索克虫科三叶虫标本。共计4属6种(含2新种), 包括Eosaukia bella (Walcott, 1906)、E. anhuiensis sp. nov.、Lophosaukia orientalis (Kobayashi, 1933)、Prosaukia campe (Walcott, 1905)和P. xiaoxianensis sp. nov.、Lichengia onigawara Kobayashi, 1942。在对属征进行修订与讨论的基础上, 通过对比这些属的模式种及其他种, 对4个旧种进行了再研究和种征厘定, 最后对这6个种的谱系关系展开了简要讨论。