共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 57 毫秒
1.
2.
基于Maxent的大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧在中国的适生区分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大洋臀纹粉蚧Planococcus minor Maskell和南洋臀纹粉蚧P.lilacinus Cockerell是我国有重要检疫意义的有害生物。这两种粉蚧从东盟进口水果口岸检疫中频繁截获,且已在广东、海南、云南等地发现大洋臀纹粉蚧入侵,这对我国热带、亚热带的水果和观赏植物等已构成严重威胁。本研究以大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧在国内外的分布数据为基础,利用Maxent生态位模型和Arc GIS对两种粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区进行预测。预测结果表明,大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧的适生区主要分布在长江流域以南地区,其适生区面积分别占全国面积的22.14%、18.17%,其中高度适生区域集中分布在广西、广东、云南、福建、四川、台湾、海南等地区,与我国热带水果的主要种植区域具有高度的一致性。大洋臀纹粉蚧已成功入侵,一旦南洋臀纹粉蚧传入便可迅速扩散蔓延,并对我国热带水果生产造成严重危害。因此,各口岸应加强对东盟进口水果的检验检疫,预防其新的进入和扩散。 相似文献
3.
4.
角蜡蚧和日本龟蜡蚧蜡泌物的超微结构及化学成分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用扫描电镜和气相色谱/质谱联用技术研究了角蜡Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius) 和日本龟蜡蚧C. japonicus Green蜡泌物的超微结构及化学成分。结果表明,这2种蜡蚧分泌蜡质和形成蜡壳的过程基本相似。在1、2龄期分泌的蜡质为“干蜡”,蜡壳为星芒状,虫体周缘的蜡芒均为2大节,与其2个龄期发育相对应,每一个大节又分为若干小节。同时,虫体背面中央蜡质堆积成帽状,也分为均匀的多层。由此说明泌蜡过程具有节律性。虫体周缘与蜡芒对应的突起区上分布着密集的刻点状腺孔,每一个腺孔分泌1根蜡丝,这在以往玻片标本中是观察不到的。雌性第3龄幼虫和成虫期,虫体分泌“湿蜡”,形成龟背状蜡壳,泌蜡腺孔主要为三格腺和四格腺。在肛突区发现了密集的泌蜡腺孔,排列为纵条纹状。从角蜡蚧蜡泌物甲酯化处理样品中检测到14个组分,从直接测试 (未经甲酯化处理) 样品中检测到14个组分;而从日本龟蜡蚧则分别检测到10个组分和25个组分。它们的主要成分是一系列高级的长链饱和与不饱和的烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、酯类、醛类以及杂环、多环或大环状化合物。对它们可能的生物生态学功能进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
蚧虫蜡泌物的化学研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
总结了国内外对蚧虫蜡泌物及其化学成分的研究进展 ,内容包括蜡泌物形成介壳的主要类型 ;蜡泌物的化学研究方法及已涉及的种类 ;蜡泌物的主要化学组成 ,并对 5类物质 ,即蜡、烃类、树脂或萜类、色素类、内蜜露作了重点叙述。最后 ,讨论了研究蚧虫蜡泌物的化学成分具有的意义和应用前景 ,包括蜡泌物作为生物资源的利用 ;以蚧虫作为农林、果树和花卉业的重要害虫 ,针对蜡泌物的特点研制相应的新型杀虫剂 ;利用蜡泌物的化学信息素对天敌的诱导作用 ,开展蚧虫生物防治 ;利用蜡泌物作为化学分类性状的应用等。 相似文献
8.
云南双蜡蚧蜡泌物的超微形态与化学成分 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、气相色谱/质谱联用技术研究了云南双蜡蚧Dicyphococcus bigibbus Borchsenius(同翅目:蚧科)蜡泌物的超微结构和化学成分。结果发现:该虫的若虫与成虫分泌的蜡质从蜡腺排出初期均为湿蜡,在体外凝结形成质地稍硬而脆的玻璃状干蜡壳,蜡壳具有均匀脊和横层。幼期和雄性蜡壳小,船形,周缘带有蜡角,中央隆起。雌成虫蜡壳大,元宝形。蜡泌物的红外光谱吸收峰密集,峰型尖锐,种的特征明显。用红外光谱特征推断蜡泌物的主要基团和化学构成在GC/MS检测中得到印证。用甲酯化和非甲酯化两种处理方法检测证明,该虫蜡泌物主要成分是一系列高级的长链饱和与不饱和的烃、脂肪酸及酯类化合物。化合物的碳原子数从C14~C40,大部分为偶数个,特别是碳链长度在C30~C40的酯类化合物种类多,比例大。还将该蚧虫蜡泌物的特征与蚧科内近缘的蜡蚧属种类及瘤坚大球蚧、朝鲜毛球蚧、背刺毡蜡蚧、白蜡虫等作了对比,阐述了蜡泌物在蚧虫分类、系统学及防治中的意义。 相似文献
9.
《昆虫知识》2022,(3)
【目的】为丰富南洋臀纹粉蚧Planococcus lilacinus和石蒜绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solani的生防菌资源。【方法】本研究从感病南洋臀纹粉蚧上分离生防菌,采用基因序列分析方法进行种类鉴定,并在室内优化其培养条件,评估其对这2种检疫性粉蚧的致病性。【结果】分离得到1株编号为LL-01的虫生真菌,经r DNA-ITS、18S r DNA和Nad1序列分析确定为蜡蚧轮枝菌;该菌的生长和产孢最适的温度为26℃,光周期为6L︰18D,碳源为果糖,氮源为干酪素,此条件下培养10 d的蜡蚧轮枝菌菌落直径和产孢量分别可达4.66 cm和3.16×108孢子/cm8孢子/cm2;其侵染不同虫龄南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧10 d后的LC_(50)分别为9.80×102;其侵染不同虫龄南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧10 d后的LC_(50)分别为9.80×104-9.17×104-9.17×105孢子/m L和5.00×105孢子/m L和5.00×104-5.30×104-5.30×105孢子/m L。浓度为1.00×105孢子/m L。浓度为1.00×108孢子/m L的蜡蚧轮枝菌侵染南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧后第10天,其累计致死率分别为84.09%-97.62%和89.89%-98.85%,LT_(50)分别为3.70-5.84 d和3.48-5.14 d;在侵染第5天时,蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性分别达峰值19.44 U/m L和15.01 U/m L,脂肪酶活性在侵染第6天时达到峰值7.68 U/m L。【结论】蜡蚧轮枝菌LL-01生长速度快、产孢量高,对这2种检疫性粉蚧的致病性强。 相似文献
10.
11.
本研究旨在明确我国北方苜蓿重要害虫——牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti触角感器类型、形态特征及分布特点。利用扫描电镜观察牛角花齿蓟马雌、雄成虫触角的超微结构,比较雌、雄虫之间的差异。结果表明:牛角花齿蓟马雌虫触角长度(314.42±7.21 μm)明显较雄虫(260.58±5.69 μm)长,除柄节和第I鞭节外,其他各节雌虫均较雄虫粗大。牛角花齿蓟马成虫触角感器类型共有7种,即Bhm氏鬃毛(BB)、刺形感器(SChI, SChII)、锥形感器(SBI, SBII, SBIII)、钟形感器(SCa)、腔锥形感器(SCo)、腔形感器(SCav)和毛形感器(ST),雌虫触角上述7种类型感器均有分布,而雄虫触角上未发现腔形感器。牛角花齿蓟马成虫触角感器在类型、形态特征及分布方面表现雌、雄个体差异。本研究为深入探究牛角花齿蓟马触角感器的嗅觉通讯机制提供形态学基础。 相似文献
12.
C. Barros B. Argüello A. Jedlicki P. Vigil E. Herrera 《Molecular reproduction and development》1985,12(1):85-89
The ultrastructure of human cervical mucus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. In fertile women, naturally occurring midcycle cervical mucus showed an arrangement of parallel fibers oriented along the main axis of the mucus sample. Sperm migration through a column of cervical mucus in vitro was also studied. It was found that sperm present among the longitudinal fibers were oriented parallel to the them and to the main axis of the mucus sample. 相似文献
13.
Hamster and mouse capacitated spermatozoa were interacted in vitro with hamster and mouse eggs in homologous and heterologous combinations. Also, fertilized and trypsin treated unfertilized hamster eggs, and unfertilized rat eggs were made to interact with capacitated hamster spermatozoa. The surface of the zona pellucida was then examined with the scanning electron microscope. It was found that sperm attachment, followed by sperm binding and penetration through the zona pellucida, was observed only when homologous gamete combinations were used. Binding of the spermatozoa to the zona was evidenced by the lytic effect of the acrosomal enzymes on the zona substance. When fertilized eggs and trypsin-treated unfertilized hamster eggs were mixed with capacitated hamster spermatozoa as well as in the heterologous gamete combinations, we found that the spermatozoa were able to establish attachment but not binding. Under these conditions the outer surface of the zona pellucida was never found to have penetration tracks made by the spermatozoa. Failure of heterologous spermatozoa to cross the foreign zona pellucida is believed to be associated with the inability of the foreign spermatozoa to establish binding and to the inability of their acrosomal enzymes to digest the zona. A similar mechanism is believed to work in zona-reacted and in trypsin-treated hamster eggs inseminated in vitro with homologous spermatozoa. 相似文献
14.
柑橘大实蝇成虫超微感器的扫描电镜观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用扫描电镜观察了柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax成虫触角、下颚须、平衡棒、前足跗节和产卵器的感器。共发现5种感受器,包括毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器,其中,柑橘大实蝇的触角分布有毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,下颚须有微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器分布,平衡棒分布有微毛感受器和刺形感受器,足跗节有毛形感受器和刺形感受器分布。产卵管针突缩入产卵器基节中,其上有毛形感受器和腔锥形感受器分布,产卵管基节有较多毛形感受器。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
Bone marrow-derived (B) and thymus-derived (T) Balb/c mouse lymphocytes were identified in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the immunospecific attachment of one of several kinds of large-molecular-weight markers distinguishable in SEM. These markers (tobacco mosaic virus, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, bushy stunt virus, and bacteriophage T4) could be modified with hapten groups and linked with anti-hapten antibody, in an indirect (sandwich) scheme, to hapten-modified anti-cell-surface antibody bound to the cell surface. Hapten-modified antibodies to B cell antigens (goat anti-mouse-immunoglobulin) or to T cell antigens (rabbit anti-mouse brain) were employed to identify these two lymphoid cell types in unfractionated spleen, mesenteric lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus cell populations. The topography of B cells was always indistinguishable from that of T cells. No surface features were found to be unique to either cell type. In suspension, the majority of B and T cells had one or no microvilli regardless of the tissue source of the labeled cells. Cells in suspension that had microvilli (usually 10% of the total cell population) were always unlabeled. However, after cell contact with a glass surface, approximately half of both the B and T cell populations had a villous topography. 相似文献
18.
中国有胡桃科( Juglandaceae)植物约7属27种1变种,南方和北方均有分布[1];该科植物通常为落叶或半常绿乔木或小乔木,大部分种类具有药用、材用和食用等价值,其中,青钱柳﹝Cyclocarya paliurus ( Batal.) Iljinsk.﹞为重要的药用植物,其叶的多糖复合物可增强糖尿病小鼠对葡萄糖的耐受力[2-3];胡桃( Juglans regia Linn.)和美国山核桃﹝Carya illinoinensis ( Wangenh.) K. Koch﹞为重要的干果和油料作物,前者也是重要的硬木产品,果皮可用于制造活性炭[4];枫杨( Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.)是优良的家具用材,其树皮富含纤维[5]。随胡桃科应用价值的不断挖掘,人们对胡桃科植物潜在资源的研究也不断深入。 相似文献