倍频Nd：YAG激光对紫球藻生长与胞外多糖产量的影响

紫球藻经Nd:YAG激光（波长1060nm)照射,以不同时间设置处理剂量,比较紫球藻细胞活力,生长速率,生物量,胞外多糖产量等方面的变化。高剂量处理组（Y-20、Y-30和Y-40）致死率为17-44%,继代培养后生长迅速,K值分别比对照组提高18%、23.4%和15.3%,各处理组培养10天后收获的生物量与对照组无显著差异,但胞外多糖产量均有较大幅度提高,增幅达50-150%。此外,YAG激光照射对藻细胞叶绿素含量也有影响,YAG激光有望成为紫球藻优良藻株选育的较佳诱变剂。     

倍频Nd∶YAG激光对紫球藻生长与胞外多糖产量的影响

紫球藻经Nd:YAG激光(波长1060 nm)照射,以不同时间设置处理剂量,比较紫球藻细胞活力、生长速率、生物量、胞外多糖产量等方面的变化.高剂量处理组(Y-20、Y-30和Y-40)致死率为17～44%,继代培养后生长迅速,K值分别比对照组提高18%、23.4%和15.3%.各处理组培养10天后收获的生物量与对照组无显著差别,但胞外多糖产量均有较大幅度提高,增幅达50～150%.此外,YAG激光照射对藻细胞叶绿素含量也有影响.YAG激光有望成为紫球藻优良藻株选育的较佳诱变剂.     

紫球藻及其胞外多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

探讨紫球藻及其胞外多糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,用环磷酰胺(CY)建立昆明种小鼠免疫功能低下的实验模型。小鼠随机均分6组,其中2组每天分别给予紫球藻藻粉1200、600 mg/kg灌胃,2组给予紫球藻胞外多糖300、150 mg/kg灌胃,正常对照组及CY组用等容积生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d。实验结果表明紫球藻及其胞外多糖均可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数、碳廓清能力、单核细胞吞噬功能,并可对抗环磷酰胺引起的外周血白细胞数目下降,因此紫球藻藻粉及其胞外多糖对小鼠免疫功能具有一定的正向调节作用。毒性实验表明,小鼠腹腔注射300、150 mg/kg紫球藻胞外多糖溶液和分别给予紫球藻藻粉1200、600 mg/kg灌胃,小鼠未出现死亡,也未有明显毒性反应出现的一些指标变化,说明紫球藻藻粉及胞外多糖的安全性较高。     

紫球藻及其多糖抗菌性能初探

本文报道紫球藻提取液及其多糖溶液抗病原细菌、真菌性能的研究结果。采用管碟法分别测定紫球藻培养分泌物、藻体破碎后的水提物和醇提物、胞外多糖和胞内多糖水溶液等的抗菌能力。结果表明,各样品均有一定抗菌能力,紫球藻水提物和胞外分泌物抗菌性能较强。经比较分析,多糖是抗菌作用的主要组分。紫球藻提取物及其多糖对革兰氏阳性细菌(特别是对金黄色葡萄球菌和八叠球菌)的抑菌作用较为明显,具有一定开发价值。     

紫外线对紫球藻的生物学效应

采用紫外线辐照紫球藻,处理剂量分别为10s、20s、30s、60s、90s、120s和180s。结果表明,10s剂量对紫球藻有促长作用,20s及30s对藻细胞生长和各项生理生化指标影响不显著,30s以上处理对其生长以及代谢产物的合成与分泌有抑制作用,且照射时间越长,抑制越强烈,紫球藻对紫外线的耐受极限为120s。结果还表明,高剂量(20~90s)照射能增加单细胞代谢产物含量;经紫外线辐照后的藻细胞第二代培养物在生长速度、叶绿素a含量、胞外多糖和β-胡萝卜素产量等与对照组相似。     

紫球藻胞外多糖抗呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)活性研究

采用体外细胞培养的方法,在Hela细胞系上检测了来自紫球藻的胞外多糖及其组分的抗呼吸道病毒(RSV)活性。发现紫球藻胞外多糖对呼吸道合胞病毒具有强烈的抑制活性,同时对宿主细胞的抑制作用很小。分离组分中的强带电性组分ESPSⅥ活性最高,其TI值达3125,为阳性对照药病毒唑的40余倍。     

脱落酸对紫球藻（Porphyridiu sp.）生长代谢的影响

为优化培养条件和提高紫球藻(Porphyridiu sp.)生物量及代谢产物产量,研究了7种浓度的脱落酸(ABA)在三种氮素营养水平下对紫球藻生长的影响,结果表明,ABA浓度在0.01～1.0 mg·L-1范围内,外源ABA浓度的升高有利于紫球藻增殖,对紫球藻的干重、叶绿素a含量、蛋白质含量、胞外多糖含量、藻红素含量都有一定的促进作用;但在ABA浓度在10 mg·L-1时,则呈递抑制趋势.其中中氮水平下外源ABA浓度1.0 mg·L-1是紫球藻生长的最佳浓度,最有利于紫球藻生物量及代谢产物的积累,此时紫球藻的生物量为3.463 mg·mL-1,胞外多糖含量最高,占藻体干重的34.31%.在高氦营养水平下还能体现ABA对紫球藻生长所起的作用,而低氮下生长的紫球藻对ABA的作用不敏感.     

通入CO2和补加氮源对紫球藻生长和代谢物质积累的影响

论文研究了柱状光生物反应器中CO2浓度和氮源添加模式等培养条件对紫球藻(Porphyridium sp.UTEX 637)生长和主要代谢产物积累的影响。结果表明,通入CO2能显著促进紫球藻的生长及胞外多糖、水溶性蛋白和总脂等生物活性物质的积累,其中1%的CO2浓度对紫球藻的生长及活性物质积累最有利,该条件下紫球藻的最高干重可达到8.14 g/L,是对照组的4.93倍;胞外多糖产量明显高于对照组,最高可达到238.8 mg/L;补加氮源KNO3对紫球藻生长及胞外多糖、水溶性蛋白含量均有明显的促进作用,最高干重、胞外多糖含量可分别达到对照组的1.5倍和1.25倍,但不利于总脂的积累。     

平板式光生物反应器中紫球藻培养条件的优化

研究了平板式光生物反应器中紫球藻(Porphyridium cruentumNaegeli)的培养条件,运用均匀设计法对光照强度、通气速率、装液量、接种密度以及pH等影响紫球藻生长的因素进行优化,获得了在平板式光生物反应器中培养紫球藻的最佳条件:光照强度10 000 lx、通气速率350 L.h-1、装液量6 L、藻细胞接种密度1.1×106mL-1、pH9.0。在最佳条件下藻体的生物量产率和生物量产量分别达到0.431 g.L-1.d-1和3.240 g.L-1,最大生长速率达0.652 g.L-1.d-1,胞外多糖含量高达0.665 g.L-1。另外,在培养过程中隔天补充培养液有利于紫球藻生物量的增加和胞外多糖的产生。     

超声波降解紫球藻胞外多糖研究

通过测定溶液粘度,判断超声波降解紫球藻(Porphyridium cruentumi)胞外多糖的效果。运用均匀设计对超声波降解紫球藻胞外多糖的影响因素(处理振幅、时间、脉冲)进行优化,获得超声波处理的最佳条件:振幅39%、处理时间245s和脉冲9.5s。在最佳条件下,胞外多糖的粘度为2.98mm²/s,与预测值一致。采用DPS软件对实验结果进行二次多项式分析与拟合,并对模型和回归系数进行显著性检验,建立了以胞外多糖粘度为目标的回归方程式。     

Na+, K+-ATPase activity in erythrocytes after the effect of laser radiation

An in vitro single radiation of helium-neon laser (power flux density being 2 mW/cm2 exposure--1 and 3 min) does not change the concentration of Na+ and K+, activity of Na+, K+-dependent ATPase in erythrocytes and does not affect the intensity of active Na transport through their membrane in the donor blood. The 5 min laser action decreases the level of K+ and increases that of Na+ in the erythrocytes, activates Na+, K+-ATPases and intensifies the active Na+ transport.     

Superficial photothermal laser ablation of ex vivo sheep esophagus using a cone‐shaped optical fiber tip

Superficial photothermal laser ablation (SPLA) may be useful as a therapeutic approach producing a depth of injury that is sufficient to eliminate mucosal lesion but not deep enough to induce thermal effects in deeper tissue layers. The purpose of this preliminary study is twofold: (a) to describe design steps of a fiber probe capable of delivering a tightly focused laser beam, including Monte‐Carlo‐based simulations, and (b) to complete the initial testing of the probe in a sheep esophagus model, ex vivo. The cone‐shaped (tapered) fiber tip was obtained by chemical etching of the optical fiber. A 1505 nm diode laser providing power up to 500 mW was operated in continuous wave. The successful SPLA of the sheep mucosa layer was demonstrated for various speed‐power combinations, including 300 mW laser power at a surface scanning rate of 0.5 mm/s and 450 mW laser power at a surface scanning rate of 2.0 mm/s. Upon further development, this probe may be useful for endoscopic photothermal laser ablation of the mucosa layer using relatively low laser power.     

He-Ne激光对大鼠离体颈上神经节后神经元膜电导的影响

应用细胞内生物电记录技术 ,观测不同功率、不同照射时间的 He- Ne激光 (脉冲频率 1Hz)对大鼠离体颈上神经节后神经元快兴奋性突触后电位 (f- EPSP)期间膜电导的影响。功率密度为 2 m W/ cm2 的 He- Ne激光在照射初期 (1min～ 2 min)引起快兴奋性突触后电位 (f- EPSP)幅值增大 ,同时膜电导增大 ;而在激光照射后期 (后 3m in～8m in)引起节后神经元膜电导减少。功率密度为 5 m W/ cm2 的 He- Ne激光照射期膜电导无明显变化 .结果表明 :功率密度为 2 m W/ cm2 的 He- Ne激光照射初期引起膜电导 (Gl=34.6± 5 .4 n S)较照射前 (Gf=2 6 .8± 6 .2 n S)有明显增大 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,照射后期膜电导减少。提示 :He- Ne激光照射可能是通过两时相效应改变节后神经元膜电导来影响交感神经节内兴奋传递过程。这可能是低功率激光对神经细胞的一种作用机制。     

CO2激光预处理对PEG6000胁迫下小麦幼苗根中抗氧化酶活性的影响

用CO2激光对小麦种子分别辐照0、1、3、5min,待其生长至12d时,用10%（W/V）PEG6000胁迫其幼苗,研究激光预处理对PEG6000水分胁迫下小麦幼苗根部脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用。结果表明,CO2激光预处理3min可使水分胁迫的小麦幼苗根部MDA、H2O2含量和O2.-产生速率显著降低（P〈0.05）,可显著提高（P〈0.05）小麦幼苗根部SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性和根长、根干重。激光预处理3min可抑制由水分胁迫引起的小麦幼苗根部脂质过氧化作用。     

Change of cholinesterase relative activity under modulated ultra high frequency electromagnetic radiation in experiments in vitro

Changes in the activity of enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) have been experimentally investigated under the influence of amplitude-modulated super-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (carrier frequency of 2.375 MHz; power flux density of 8 mW/cm2, 20 mW/cm2 and 50 mW/cm2; modulation frequency range 10 to 210 Hz; exposure time 5 min). The appearance of peaks of the cholinesterase increased relative activity, as well as the changes in the direction and intensity of the reaction associated with the modulation frequency and power flux are observed at equal power flux densities and exposure times.     

Flow cytometric sperm sorting: effects of varying laser power on embryo development in swine.

This study was conducted to determine fertilization rate and embryo development using the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology with two different laser power outputs, 25 and 125 milliwatts (mW). Freshly ejaculated boar semen was diluted; one aliquot was not stained or sorted (nonsort) and a second aliquot was stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted as a complete population, not separated into X and Y populations (all-sort). Ovulation controlled gilts were surgically inseminated with 2 x 10(5) spermatozoa (44-46 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) into the isthmus of each oviduct, one oviduct receiving nonsort and the other all-sort at 25 or 125 mW. A total of 426 embryos were flushed from oviducts at slaughter 43 hr after laparotomy and prepared for determination of fertilization and cleavage rates using confocal laser microscopy for analysis of actin cytoskeleton and chromatin configuration. The percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos was less for the 25 mW all-sort compared to nonsort or the 125 mW all-sort (77.9 vs. 96.3 and 96.2%, P < 0.05). The percentage of fragmented embryos was greater for the 25 mW all-sort than the nonsort (15.2 vs. 4.5%, P < 0.05), but did not differ significantly from 125 mW all-sort mean (7.2%). The percentage of normal embryos (80.4% overall) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, the rate of embryo development was slower (P < 0.05) after insemination with the 25 mW all-sort spermatozoa compared to nonsort spermatozoa. Embryos in the 3-4 and 5-9 cell stages for the 25-mW all-sort and nonsort were 78 and 20% vs. 49 and 50%, respectively. The embryo percentages for the 125 mW (3-4 and 5-9 cell stages, 59 and 35%) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the nonsort or 25 mW all-sort. We conclude that the use of 125 mW laser power for sorting boar spermatozoa is advantageous to maintain high resolution separation and has no detrimental effect on embryo development compared to 25 mW.     

氦氖激光对离体小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

为探索低功率激光照射治疗的机理,本实验用氦氖激光照射离体小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞观察其吞噬鸡红细胞折功能。当照射１５分钟时,巨噬细胞蚕噬功能达到最大值,以后开始下降,照射至４０分时,巨噬细胞吞噬功能下降至对照组以下,出现抑制现象。     

A comparison of low-power helium-cadmium and argon ultraviolet lasers in commercial flow cytometers

The feasibility of installing a low power ultraviolet (UV) laser in a commercial flow cytometer was evaluated by testing an Ortho Cytofluorograf 50HH and a Coulter Epics V. Both instruments were equipped with two argon ion lasers, one emitting at 488 nm and the other in the UV region and were tested by measuring the DNA content of cells stained with Hoechst 33342 or DAPI. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the G0/G1 peak of the DNA histograms produced by each instrument did not deteriorate markedly when results obtained at 100-125 mW were compared to those obtained at 10 mW. These tests indicated that a helium-cadmium laser (He-Cd) which can produce 10 mW at 325 nm should work well as a UV laser in these instruments. An Ortho Cytofluorograf IIs was purchased with a 10 mW He-Cd laser installed in the forward position. Studies of DNA content have confirmed that this low power UV laser can produce CVs of 2.2% with DAPI stained fixed cells and 3.6% with Hoechst 33342 stained viable lymphocytes. Thus, the He-Cd laser should provide a reasonable alternative as a UV source for flow cytometers.     

胶原合成介导的软骨细胞的光生物调节作用

目的:了解低强度激光照射对软骨细胞增殖的影响及其机制。方法:选取3周龄新西兰白兔分离培养软骨细胞,在2.5%新生牛血清中培养,用半导体激光(650 nm,2.96 mW/cm2)(sem iconductor laser irrad iation,SLI)照第4代软骨细胞,每天分别照射1 m in、3 m in、5 m in、7 m in、10 m in、20 m in,共6 d。收集激光照射后第2 d、4 d、6 d、8 d、10 d和12 d的细胞培养液,用氯胺T消化法检测羟脯氨酸(H rp)的含量。在培养至第13 d时,用XTT法检测细胞的活性,了解细胞的增殖情况。结果:在2.5%新生牛血清中,SLI对软骨细胞具有明显的光生物调节作用:(1)在培养至第13 d时,所有剂量组在照射后XTT吸光度值均有不同程度的增高,其中3 m in、5 m in、7 m in和10 m in组的增高较为明显(P<0.01);(2)两因素重复测定资料的方差分析结果显示,SLI照射后软骨细胞合成胶原的能力在逐步增加,而对照组在培养至第2周开始H rp含量明显下降。结论:SLI照射可促进2.5%新生牛血清中兔软骨细胞增殖,这个过程可能是通过促进胶原合成实现的。     

Photosensitive chemical and laser light treatments decrease epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus associated with in vitro produced bovine embryos

Photoinactivation was employed to eliminate EHDV-2 from in vitro produced bovine embryos experimentally exposed to this virus. Immature oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured in chemically defined conditions. All treatments were performed on zygotes. Developmental potential of zygotes and cell numbers of resulting hatched blastocysts were assessed after exposure to a 1 mW helium neon laser (633 nm, red) for 1, 5, 10, and 15 min; the photosensitive chemicals hematoporphyrin (15 microM) and hypericin (1 and 10 microM) for 15 min; a combination of 10 microM hypericin and laser light for 1, 3, or 5 min; and a combination of 15 microM hematoporphyrin and laser light for 1, 2, or 3 min. There were no significant differences among proportions of embryos developing or cell numbers after treatment with or without exposure to laser light alone for up to 10 min. No differences were observed after exposure of zygotes to photosensitive chemicals alone. Exposure to 10 microM hypericin and 5 min of laser light or 15 microM hematoporphyrin and 2 min of laser light compromised zygote developmental potential. After exposure to 10(6) TCID50/mL EHDV-2 for 90 min groups of 10 zygotes were exposed to 10 microM hypericin or 15 microM hematoporphyrin and laser light to inactivate the virus. Hematoporphyrin was effective with 3 min light exposure at reducing the percentage of EHDV-2 contaminated zygote pools (16.7%) as compared to EHDV-2 exposed pools without treatment (88.9%) but hematoporphyrin + 1 min light was ineffective. Hypericin + 3 min light provided an intermediate effect (55.6%).