青藏高原跳甲亚科昆虫区系研究

讨论青藏高原（包括横断山区）的跳甲亚科昆虫区系。该区已知47属228种。1）据属级阶元的分布类型分析,以东洋属和南型属种显占优势,是区系主体,显示该区跳甲区系的热带渊源,其中高山属种赋予该区以高山区系特征;2）该区物种分化活跃,是某些多种属中国种类的分布中心和分化中心;3）联系中国跳甲亚科区系,在地理分布格局上显示西－东分布,如Hespera属的分布和西南－东北分布或西南－东北的间断分布格局,如Pentamesa和Stenoluperus属的分布。这种地理分布格局反映青藏高原的隆起给中国昆虫区系带来重要影响。     

中国齿琵甲属昆虫及一新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科,琵甲族)(英文)

对中国齿琵甲属Itagonia Reitter昆虫进行了整理,并记述中国西藏齿琵甲属1新种:巴宿齿琵甲I.baxoica sp.nov..列出了该属中国已知种检索表.模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国斑腿蝗科属级阶元区系研究（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文探讨了中国斑腿蝗科属级分布特征和区系组成特点.结果表明:在我国有分布的斑腿蝗科101个属级阶元中,东洋区成分为62属,占已知属总数的61.4%;其次依次为双区属18属,占17.8%;古北属15属,占14.9%;广布属6属,仅占5.9%;有48属为我国特有属,占总数的47.5%.根据其属级阶元在世界各大动物地理区的分布比较发现我国的斑腿蝗科昆虫与非洲共有性较高,两者亲缘关系相对较近.     

河北拟步甲多样性组成与区系分析

本文在对河北(含京、津地区)拟步甲科昆虫进行种类鉴定和地理分布资料整理的基础上,得出该地区已知拟步甲科昆虫5亚科19族38属64种(亚种),并以此为依据分析了该地区拟步甲的物种多样性组成及地理分布特点。结果显示,河北拟步甲在种类组成上由多到少依次为:拟步甲亚科Tenebrioninae 20属40种(62.5%)>漠甲亚科Pimeliinae 9属12种(18.8%)>朽木甲亚科Alleculinae 3属5种(7.8%)>伪叶甲亚科Lagriinae 3属4种(6.2%)>菌甲亚科Diaperinae 3属3种(4.7%);在区系组成上,河北拟步甲与华北区关系最为密切,共计38属63种(98.4%),其次为蒙新区28属47种(73.4%),其他动物区的成分较少;河北拟步甲在河北昆虫地理区划的分布呈现:山麓平原区30属42种(65.6%)>冀西北间山盆地区24属40种(62.5%)>冀北山区12属14种(21.9%)>坝上高原区11属14种(21.9%)>冀西山区9属10种(15.6%)>低平原区8属9种(14.1%);河北特有种7种,其中6种分布在山麓平原区。     

《岭南科学杂志》昆虫分类与区系研究成果

《岭南科学杂志》(Lingnan Science Journal)为原岭南大学创办的英文刊物,是我国现代最早、最为著名的以刊登生物科学及农业科学成果为主的期刊之一。其所刊登的昆虫分类与区系研究成果极大地推动了当时我国昆虫学事业的发展,也成为我国昆虫多样性研究,特别是华南地区昆虫多样性研究不可或缺的基础资料。本文通过查阅中山大学生物博物馆资料室中该期刊珍贵的原始文献资料,对其自创刊至停刊30年间所发表的全部昆虫分类与区系研究论文进行调查与统计,分析了相关工作所涉及的昆虫类群、作者、新属种发表情况以及物种区系分布等信息,同时提供了全部论文的题名索引。结果表明：该杂志所刊登的昆虫分类与区系研究论文对于我国昆虫学研究意义重大,不但大量增加了新分类单元的数量,同时加深和细化了我们对物种区系分布的认识,其中广东省及其周边地区为新物种发表最重要的模式产地。这些工作为我国生物多样性热点地区之一的岭南地区昆虫物种多样性本底调查、农林害虫防控以及资源昆虫利用等工作奠定了坚实基础,同时也为粤港澳大湾区生态文明建设提供重要的基础数据。     

科昆虫地理分布研究初探

本文就科昆虫的起源,各亚科、族及属的分布特点进行了分析和总结;并根据各属的世界分布情况,将其分为８种类型。文中还就中国科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨,结果表明：在我国已知的２亚科４族２０个属中,东洋区分布的有１０个属,其中有３个属仅分布于我国;古北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北区分布的有３个属;东洋－新北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北－新北区分布的有４个属;东洋－古北－新北－非洲区分布的有１个属。此外,科昆虫在中国的一个主要分布特点就是多数种类集中分布于华中区、华南区和西南区;而华中区则很可能是科种类的分化中心,并以此为中心向其他区扩散。     

青海祁连山区寄蝇科昆虫资源调查

【目的】掌握我国祁连山国家公园青海片区寄蝇科昆虫资源,明确青海祁连山区寄蝇科昆虫种类和区系分布格局。【方法】于2019-2021年,采用网捕法对寄蝇科昆虫进行采集,用比较形态法进行标本观察分类,进一步对青海祁连山区寄蝇科昆虫资源进行整合。【结果】共调查分类鉴定出寄蝇科昆虫109种,隶属于4亚科15族54属,包含1个中国新记录属：马寄蝇属Masistylum Brauer&Bergenstamm,1893,2个中国新记录种：弓马寄蝇Masistylumarcuatum(Mik,1864)、黄缟寄蝇Onychogoniaflaviceps(Zetterstedt, 1838);54个种为青海新记录种;7个种为祁连山区优势种。区系分布格局显示,古北界+东洋界共有种与古北界特有种比例较高。【结论】青海祁连山国家公园的寄蝇科昆虫种类丰富,以植食性鳞翅目昆虫为宿主的寄蝇优势种明显,祁连山区寄蝇物种区系分布格局呈现出古北动物地理界青藏区的物种组成特征。     

中国简管蓟马族昆虫物种多样性及区系初步分析(缨翅目:管蓟马科)

通过对中国简管蓟马族Haplothripini物种的模式标本和定名标本及地理分布文献资料的整理,分析了该族13属53种在中国的物种组成及区系分布特点。结果发现,简管蓟马属物种丰富度最高;中国简管蓟马族在东洋界和古北界均有分布,无特有属,特有种比例低,具有广布种;该族物种在中国动物地理区划中有22个分布型,以华南区为主。最后,初步分析和讨论了该族昆虫的区系特点。     

中国树甲族昆虫区系初步分析(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)

本文统计了中国树甲族Stenochiini物种,共计4属110种,依据有具体分布信息的标本及地理分布资料,分析了其中4属108种在中国的分布特点。结果显示中国树甲区系具有以下特点:1)东洋区分布;2)华南区树甲物种分布最丰富;3)特有种丰富。并对该族昆虫的分布格局进行了初步分析和讨论。     

洼甲螨科的分类研究进展(蜱螨亚纲:甲螨目:懒甲螨总科)

洼甲螨科隶属于蜱螨亚纲甲螨目懒甲螨总科,是低等甲螨中进化相对较高级,介于低等甲螨和高等甲螨之间的过渡类群,广泛分布于世界各大动物地理区,目前全世界有3属5亚属79种5亚种,国内现知2属16种.综述了洼甲螨科该科的分类沿革及分类研究进展;概述了洼甲螨科各属(亚属)的地理分布,指出该科目前所知分布较多的是古北界、新北界、东洋界;对中国洼甲螨科已知种进行了区系总结,目前青藏区和蒙新区各仅知1种,主要原因是缺乏深入研究;编制了洼甲螨科3个属及5个亚属和中国已知2属16种的分类检索表.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan