苎麻田灯下金龟子种类组成及优势种群发生动态研究

为了调查苎麻田金龟子的种类及发生规律,于2013年4~9月,在湖北省咸宁市咸安区苎麻科技示范园进行了频振式杀虫灯诱虫试验,系统诱集金龟子并鉴定种类,分析灯下不同金龟子种群动态。结果表明：频振式杀虫灯在苎麻田诱集金龟子类4科10种,以铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky和暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky为绝对优势种类。金龟子从4月末至9月初均灯下可见,5月中旬至6月上旬为铜绿丽金龟诱集高峰,6月上旬至7月中旬为暗黑腮金龟诱集高峰期。     

安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子灯诱种群数量动态分析

2009-2011年连续3年利用频振式杀虫灯调查安徽省花生田3种常见金龟子成虫的种群动态,结果表明:2009-2011年3种金龟子灯诱总数整体呈下降趋势,且诱捕量为铜绿丽金龟暗黑鳃金龟华北大黑鳃金龟。华北大黑鳃金龟趋光性差,灯诱量低;暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟初见日一般为5月中下旬,高峰期为6月中旬,但暗黑鳃金龟比铜绿丽金龟一般晚7-10 d。金龟子出土与气候关系密切,当平均气温上升至20℃-25℃持续数日并保持上升的过程中,暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟诱捕量增大,但性比未呈现规律性差异。     

不同频振灯光源对花生田天敌昆虫的诱集作用比较

2011～2012年在湖北省大悟县新城镇花生田比较了5种频振灯光源对花生田天敌昆虫的诱集作用。五种光源在花生田诱集到的主要天敌有瓢虫、寄生蜂、草蛉、隐翅甲和步甲。灯诱结果表明:2011年5月8日和2012年7月18日是瓢虫的两个高峰日;2011年5月8日和2012年4月18日是寄生蜂的两个高峰日;2011年5月8日是草蛉的高峰日;2011年5月31日和2012年5月12日是隐翅甲的高峰日;2011年5月8日是步甲的高峰日。在五种光源中,光源Ⅳ对瓢虫杀伤力最小,光源Ⅱ对寄生蜂和草蛉杀伤力最小,光源Ⅴ对隐翅甲和步甲杀伤力最小。综合分析表明,光源Ⅳ对花生田天敌昆虫的总杀伤力最小。研究结果不仅筛选出对花生田天敌昆虫杀伤力最小的光源,而且明确了天敌昆虫容易遭受杀伤的时间。     

金龟子在句容丘陵地区葡萄园的种类和发生规律

采用灯下诱集和田间调查的方法,研究了句容丘陵地区葡萄园发生的金龟子的种类、发生数量和发生规律。结果表明,在句容丘陵地区葡萄园发生的金龟子有双叉犀金龟、华北大黑腮金龟、暗黑腮金龟、铜绿异丽金龟、深铜绿异丽金龟、四纹丽金龟、斑喙丽金龟、毛黄腮金龟等8种。发生量较大,对葡萄危害较重的有铜绿异丽金龟和双叉犀金龟,并比较了这两种金龟子的发生规律和危害高峰期。文中还讨论了金龟子对葡萄危害和防治方法。     

陕西榆林地区农田灯诱地下害虫种类组成及优势种群发生动态

为了明确陕西榆林地区农田地下害虫种类组成及优势种群发生动态,于2016年4月1日至2019年9月28日,在陕西省榆林市现代农业示范园,设置太阳能自动虫情测报箱对地下害虫进行收集,在室内对标本进行鉴定和数据分析。在榆林市农田一共灯诱到地下害虫12种,隶属3目5科。地下害虫混合种群发生期为4月中旬至9月上旬,盛发期为4月下旬至8月上旬。小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon、东方绢金龟Maladera orientalis、阔胫绢金龟Maladera verticalis和黄褐丽金龟Anomala exoleta是榆林农田地下害虫主要优势种群。小地老虎灯诱高峰期为4月上旬至5月中旬以及6月上旬至7月下旬,东方绢金龟的灯诱高峰期为4月中旬至6月中旬,阔胫绢金龟灯诱高峰期为6月上旬至8月上旬,黄褐丽金龟灯诱高峰期为6月中旬至7月上旬。本研究为榆林地区农田地下害虫的监测和综合治理提供了基础资料。     

诱虫灯对芒果园主要害虫的监测效果评价

为评价诱虫灯在芒果园中对芒果主要害虫监测的作用效果,选用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯等诱虫灯,采取灯光诱集与果园采样调查相结合的方法在海南省东方市岛西林场芒果园进行了芒果害虫的周年监测,比较了3种不同诱虫灯及调查采样收集到的芒果害虫的种类与数量。结果显示,在岛西林场芒果园,诱虫灯诱集到的害虫有29种,调查采集到害虫有24种,诱虫灯和调查采集收集同时监测到的害虫有21种,诱集到数量较多的有红脚丽金龟Anomala cupripes、芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangicola、绿额翠尺蛾Thalassodes proquadraria和灰白条小卷蛾Atgyroploce aprobola等,表明诱虫灯可用于这些芒果害虫的种类、分布与危害的监测,尤其是对红脚丽金龟、芒果叶瘿蚊、绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾等;明确可以应用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对红脚绿金龟等几种重要芒果害虫的年消长动态及种群数量进行监测;不同诱虫灯相比较,黑光灯对红脚丽金龟诱集效果最佳,LED灯对芒果叶瘿蚊诱集效果最好,频振灯对绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾诱集效果最佳。频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对芒果害虫有良好的诱集作用,但对其天敌也有明显的诱杀作用;频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯所诱集昆虫种类的益害比分别为1∶3.17、1∶0.45和1∶1.23,频振灯对天敌的杀伤作用最小,黑光灯最大。     

金龟子活虫性诱试验初报

有关鞘翅目昆虫性诱的报道,目前较少。我们遵照毛主席关于“世上无难事,只要肯登攀”的伟大教导,对当地为害严重的金龟子进行了性诱试验。初步掌握了利用雌性成虫诱集雄虫的办法。 1.虫情调查 1976年3月下旬至7月中旬,对华北大黑鳃金龟、四纹丽金龟、苹毛丽金龟及毛黄鳃金龟的出土、交尾期、发生基地等进行了调查,所得结果列表1。     

光谱和性别对几种金龟子趋光行为的影响

本研究采用不同波长的LED新型绿色光源对几种金龟子雌雄性的趋光行为进行研究,结果表明:棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis Reitter、铅灰鳃金龟H.plumbeaHope、铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky的趋光反应率分别为68%、84%、90%,显著高于暗黑鳃金龟H.parallela Motschulsky和大黑鳃金龟H.oblita Hope;棕色鳃金龟和铅灰鳃金龟趋光谱较广;主峰为405nm和465nm的单色光对所有试虫均有较强的诱集力。雌性大黑鳃金龟和暗黑鳃金龟的趋光性强于雄虫;但雌雄差异对棕色鳃金龟、铅灰鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟的趋光性无显著影响。     

频振式杀虫灯在茶树害虫测报、防治中的应用

应用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行了茶树害虫的预测预报和防治试验。结果表明,该灯对茶园中的茶细蛾Caloptiliatheivora(walsingham)、茶毛虫EuproctispseudoconspersaStrand、斜纹夜蛾Prodenialitura(Fabricius)等茶树主要害虫有明显的诱集作用;同时,根据害虫成虫诱集时间、数量与面上生育期观察,其动态变化基本一致,可以用于幼虫的发生期、发生量预报,在面上应用频振式杀虫灯对3种的防治试验中取得明显的效果。认为该灯是一种安全、经济、有效、无污染的茶树害虫预测预报和防治工具。     

两种诱集方式对田间金龟甲诱集效果的比较研究

为了明确灯诱和引诱剂对田间金龟害虫的诱捕效果,利用自动虫情测报灯和2种引诱剂诱捕器对同一块花生田发生的金龟甲的诱集效果进行了对比试验。结果表明,两种方式对金龟甲的诱集效果差异明显。诱虫灯对东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia和铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta的日均诱虫量分别为3.30头和1.27头,引诱剂诱捕器对两种金龟甲的日均诱虫量分别为1.25头和0.34头。自动虫情测报灯的诱虫总量和持效性较好,均明显优于引诱剂诱捕器的诱捕效果。引诱剂诱捕器对雌性东北大黑鳃金龟的特异诱集效果优于自动虫情测报灯。尽管两种诱捕方式全年诱虫量存在较大差异,但两者所监测得到的金龟甲发生动态趋势基本一致,且特殊气象条件诱集数据可相互补充,并提出大面积防治工作中应以虫情测报灯为主,引诱剂诱捕器可作为重要辅助手段。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.