大鼠血,肝匀浆及亚细胞组分生化参数值的报告

本文报道正常成年大鼠血、肝匀浆及亚细胞组分的部分生化参数值,包括血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性,红细胞超微化歧化酶活性,血清铜兰蛋白及丙二醛含量;     

归芪多糖延缓衰老作用的研究

本文研究了归芪多糖对衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用。将50只小鼠分为5组,除正常对照组外其余各组均采用D-半乳糖(0.5 g·kg-1)皮下注射建立衰老小鼠模型,以不同剂量的归芪多糖(1 g/kg和0.5 g/kg)给小鼠连续灌胃42 d后,测定其血清中过氧化氢(H2O2)和皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量、大脑中单胺氧化酶(MAO)、肝组织中谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)的活性。结果显示,归芪多糖能明显抑制小鼠血清H2O2含量、肝组织XOD和大脑MAO的活性(P<0.01);显著提高肝组织中GSH-PX的活性和皮肤组织中Hyp的含量(P<0.01)。证明归芪多糖可能通过降低衰老小鼠血清H2O2的含量、肝组织XOD和大脑MAO的活性,以及提高肝组织GSH-PX的活性和皮肤组织中Hyp的含量的机制起到一定的抗衰老作用。     

芘对苦草的生物毒性效应

通过静态模拟实验,研究了不同浓度(0.01、0.02、0.05、0.07和0.1 mg·L^-1)芘暴露10 d后,芘在苦草中的富集,以及芘对苦草茎叶中自由基含量、抗氧化系统以及叶绿素、可溶性糖等的影响.结果表明: 芘能够大量富集在苦草叶部;自由基信号强度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量持续升高;当污染加重时,这种升高现象有减弱的趋势,且三者有较好的相关性;谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量持续增加,而还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量持续降低;随着芘浓度的增加,叶绿素含量降低,而可溶性糖含量升高.苦草对芘暴露比较敏感,0.01 mg·L^-1即已显示胁迫效应.     

不同生长阶段长爪沙鼠血清中氧化与抗氧化物质含量变化

目的　探讨不同生长阶段长爪沙鼠血清中氧化与抗氧作用机制。方法　选择 1月龄、3月龄、2 4月龄的长爪沙鼠各 16只 (雌雄各半 ) ,测定长爪沙鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GsH -Px)。结果　丙二醛 (MDA)在 3月龄最低 ,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GsH -Px)在 3月龄最高 ;超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)随着长爪沙鼠的月龄增长而升高。结论　在长爪沙鼠生长过程中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GsH -Px)的含量变化与丙二醛 (MDA)含量变化有直接关系 ,而超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)含量变化与MDA含量变化没有直接关系。     

西藏拉萨地区居民红细胞谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量和活力

谷胱甘肽(GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)是机体细胞(尤其是红细胞)一个重要的对抗氧化剂作用的防御体系,它在细胞内能消除有害的氧化代谢产物,阻断脂质过氧化连锁反应,从而保护细胞膜结构和功能完整。所以GSH和GSH-Px含量和活力变化是机体氧化物牵制的重要指标。有关正常人和某些疾病患者红细胞GSH和GSH-Px的资料国内外均有报道。本实验对西藏拉萨地区(海拔3658m)居民和北京地区居民的红细胞GSH和GSH-Px含量和活力进行比较研究,目的是探索GSH和GSH-Px与高原适应之关系,为防治高原疾病提供根据。     

鳙、鲢及其杂交一代某些组织器官中核组蛋白的比较研究

电泳分析比较了鳙、鲢和鳙(♀)×鲢(♂)杂交一代(F_1)的肝、脾、肾、鳃和红细胞的组蛋白。F_1肝、脾的组蛋白H_1占总组蛋白的百分比数明显地高于双亲;而肾、鳃的组蛋白H_1含量都较低,没有发现明显的差异。它们的红细胞中都有与鸟类红细胞具有相同迁移率的组蛋白H_5。     

云芝提取物对改善小鼠胃肠功能的作用

以大黄水煎剂建立小鼠胃肠功能损害模型,探讨云芝提取物和其中的白桦脂酸对小鼠胃肠功能的影响以及白桦脂酸对小鼠在脂质过氧化方面的影响。研究结果表明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够较为显著地提高胃蛋白酶活性,增加胃泌素和胃酸分泌量（P<0.01）;同时白桦脂酸高低剂量组能够明显降低小鼠血浆中丙二醛的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性以及肝脏匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物的含量（P<0.01）。说明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够有效地改善小鼠的胃肠功能,且抗脂质过氧化是云芝活性成分白桦脂酸治疗作用机制之一。     

去卵巢对骨质疏松大鼠皮肤衰老的影响

目的用去卵巢大鼠构建的骨质疏松症模型是研究绝经后骨质疏松疾病的最适模型,然而大鼠卵巢去除后对皮肤的影响如何,这方面的研究甚少。本研究旨在观察去卵巢对大鼠皮肤衰老指标的影响。方法 3月龄健康SD雌性大鼠20只,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)和去卵巢组(OVX组),卵巢去除后3个月,测定血清雌二醇,以及皮肤组织中与衰老相关的生化指标如过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、脂褐质(LF)含量,并观察皮肤组织病理学变化,用计算机图像分析系统定量分析。结果 OVX组大鼠血清雌二醇水平显著降低;组织病理学观察显示OVX组表皮、真皮厚度较Sham组显著变薄(P0.01),皮肤胶原纤维减少,排列疏松;与Sham组相比,OVX组大鼠皮肤CAT、GSH-Px和SOD活性显著降低(P0.01),MDA含量较Sham组明显增加(P0.01),皮肤组织中HYP含量明显减少,LF含量显著增多(P0.01)。结论 3月龄大鼠卵巢去除后3个月可导致皮肤衰老,可能是研究绝经后皮肤衰老的适宜模型。     

硒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和不饱和脂肪酸在鼠脑亚细胞中的分布

采用梯度离心和放射性同位素等方法从鼠脑中分离得到髓磷脂、突触囊、轻突触体、重突触体、线粒体６个亚细胞组分。分别测定了各亚细胞中硒－７５、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和不饱和脂肪酸的含量,结果表明这些成分在鼠脑亚细胞中的分布呈现明显的相关性,同时首次在突触囊、线粒体和微粒体中检测到三种不同的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性峰,其中之一可能是红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＥＣ１．１１．１．９）．还就机体的自我保护机制和硒在脑组织中的重要作用进行了讨论。     

光质对烟草叶片生长发育过程中抗氧化系统的影响

以云烟87植株为材料,通过覆盖白、红、黄、蓝、紫色滤膜获得不同光质,于大田条件下研究了光质对烟草叶片生长发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等抗氧化酶活性,抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,在烟草植株第11片叶生长发育的7~70 d内,其抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势.与白光(对照)相比,黄光诱导烟草叶片SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性升高,以及AsA和GSH含量增加;而红光诱导APX和GR活性上升,以及GSH和AsA含量升高;但紫光却使SOD、CAT、POD、GR和GPX活性下降,GSH和AsA含量降低,而蓝光则使所有抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量降低.紫光和蓝光处理的烟草叶片中MDA含量较高,而黄光和红光处理的则较低.总体而言,在大田条件下,相对红光和黄光而言,蓝光和紫光处理下的烟草叶片更容易发生光氧化胁迫.     

Normal copper metabolism in quaking mice

This research measured lipid peroxidation products in rats of varying age by a new method. Wistar male rats, 4, 12, 22 and 32 months old, were examined for lipid peroxidation in vivo by measurement of ethane, ethylene, butane and pentane in breath gases of intact animals. In the older rats, the amounts of the four hydrocarbons exhaled were greater than those in younger rats. All hydrocarbons tested were related to age by an exponential relationship, and quantitatively, ethane and ethylene were related to age with a linear regression fit correlation coefficient, 0.466–0.622 (p<0.01-0.001). When hydrocarbon gas production of 32 month-old rats was compared with that of 4 month-old rats, the greatest ratio was that for pentane (1.99). The following order was ethylene >ethane>butane. There were significant differences in the production of all hydrocarbons between 32 month-old rats and 4 month-old rats.Thiobarbituric acid reactants in serum exhibited an increasing tendency with age, but the values of 32 month-old rats were lower than those of 22 month-old rats. However, the differences between the age groups were not significant.These results showed that the measurement of hydrocarbons in the rats'breath was a sensitive index of in vivo peroxidation during aging.     

糖尿病大鼠外周神经山梨醇通路和Na^＋—K^＋—ATP酶活性的变化

本文用四氧嘧啶诱导产生糖尿病动物模型,分别于糖尿病产生后第4,8,12周测定大鼠坐骨神经匀浆山梨醇通路活性,肌醇含量和哇巴因敏感的和不敏感的 ATP 酶活性。与同龄正常对照组比较,糖尿病发生4周后,坐骨神经葡萄糖含量增加3—4倍,果糖增加3—5倍,山梨醇增加6—9倍,肌醇含量降低到对照组的50%,总 ATP 酶和哇巴因敏感的Na~+-K~+-ATP 酶活性均极显著地低于同龄对照组(P<0.01)。结果提示这些代谢变化可能是糖尿病神经病变发病机制中的重要环节。     

癫痫对大鼠学习记忆的影响及与生长抑素的相关性研究

对听源性癫痫大鼠进行迷宫训练,观察癫痫发作对大鼠光分辨学习作业的成绩以及用放射免疫分析法测定的大鼠部分脑区中生长抑素含量的影响。结果表明：（１）癫痫发作对大鼠记忆阶段有明显的抑制作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）癫痫发作后,在大鼠信息提取明显障碍的同时,其颞叶皮层、下丘脑、垂体及海马中生长抑素的含量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５－０．０１）。结果提示：癫痫发作影响大鼠学习记忆过程,在该过程中生长抑素含量发生改变。     

Age-related changes in linoleic acid bioconversion by isolated hepatocytes from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

This study points out the hepatocyte interconversion of the linoleic acid family during hypertension. Hepatocyte 6 desaturase activity was higher in 1 month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls. A similar tendency was observed in 6 month-old SHR. 5 desaturase activity was higher only in 1 month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to controls. Desaturase activities were particularly high at the age of 6 months. The hepatocyte fatty acid composition showed an impairment of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Changes were greater in the young prehypertensive rats than in adults. A storage of n-3 long chain fatty acids is remarkable in adult hypertensive rats, suggesting an alteration in peroxisomal oxidation. Such modifications may be related to the prostaglandin precursors availability to peripheral tissues such as kidney.     

PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE RAT

Pyridoxine (vitamin B₆) deficiency was produced in rats during the period of development of the central nervous system. The levels of pyridoxal phosphate and y-amino-butyric acid in whole brains of these rats were determined, together with the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) and γ-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19). The lowered contents of pyridoxal phosphate and γ-aminobutyrate in the brains confirmed the existence of pyridoxine deficiency. The activity of the glutamate decarboxylase holo-enzyme was decreased, whereas the activity of the apoenzyme was increased. However, there appeared to be no difference in the activity of γ-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Concomitantly, some electrophysiological parameters, such as EEG and auditory evoked potentials, were analysed. The EEG of pyridoxine-deficient animals showed spike activity, presumably indicative of the existence of seizures in many of the deficient rats. Evoked potentials presented abnormalities in their latency, wave form and response to repetitive stimuli, but the extent to which they were affected depended upon the intensity of the deficiency.     

不同日龄小鼠的超排、体外授精及二细胞胚胎移植的比较研究(简报)

小鼠是现代生物医学中应用最为广泛的实验动物,特别是随着基因工程动物的大量开发,对小鼠卵母细胞和小鼠胚胎的需求量将日趋增多。但是如果单纯依靠动物的自然排卵,一方面所得到的卵母细胞数或胚胎数较少,一方面又消耗大量的时间和浪费较多的动物。因此,研究者期望使用较少的动物但仍能得到较多的、正常的卵母细胞或胚胎来满足生命科学研究的需要。Onadera,M等的研究表明,小鼠卵母细胞的发育与年龄有关,同一品系小鼠不同日龄间的自然排卵数差异不显著,出现异常卵的比例有显著性差异。但对不同日龄、不同品系小鼠的超排的效果尚     

A COMPARISON OF THE NEURAL REGULATION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN SYMPATHETIc GANGLIA OF ADULT MICE AND RATS

Surgical decentralization of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in rats and mice led to a fall in ganglionic tyrosine hydroxylase (T-OH) activity, and a loss of more than 90 per cent of the preganglionic neurone marker, choline acetyl transferase. T-OH activity was reduced by more than 50 per cent in mice SCG ten days after surgery, but fell by only 25 per cent in rat SCG after 21 days. The surgical procedure did not cause obvious histo-logical damage or loss of SCG cells in either species. Both T-OH and choline acetyl transferase activities in rat and mouse SCG recovered to normal three months after surgery. Reserpine treatment was more effective in rats in causing increased ganglionic T-OH activity than in mice. Neither decentralization nor reserpine treatment caused any changes in DOPA-decarboxylase or monoamine oxidase activities in rat SCG. These results demonstrate that T-OH activity in SCG is subject to trans-synaptic regulation in both rats and mice; this regulation does not apply to DOPA-decarboxylase or monoamine oxidase. Differences in basal sympathetic tone may explain the different results obtained in mice and rats.     

THE DIET OF DUCK AND COOT ON LAKE NAIVASHA

• 1 The diet of coot and duck on Lake Naivasha has been investigated to provide information on the duck/coot interaction.
• 2 Some 79 duck and coot were shot in a limited area over a period of 24 h, and their stomach contents preserved in 4% formalin.
• 3 The analysis of stomach contents was performed in two stages: large particles being completely identified and counted, small particles being sampled.
• 4 The results of the analyses are considered to be most usefully expressed as proportions of food component by number of particles.
• 5 Identification of components has been made by matching epidermal characters with collected plants, by matching shape and structures of seeds with collected seeds, and by recognition of such materials as arthropod exoskeletal fragments and molluscan shell. Some components have not been specifically identified.
• 6 A discussion has been presented on the problem of relating the results of stomach-content analysis to ecologically significant differences in feeding. The discussion hinges on four questions:

• (a) Is the result of a stomach-content analysis an accurate and appropriate indication of the stomach-contents of a bird when shot, and, if so, do the results presented indicate differences between stomach contents?
• (b) What is the relationship between stomach-contents at the time of shooting and food ingested over the immediately preceding period, and do differences between stomach contents indicate differences in food intake?
• (c) How far do differences in diet so deduced apply to the whole population of birds concerned in the study?
• (d) Are the differences in diet relatable to availability of food, and can any valid inferences be made concerning the birds' interaction?

• 7 It is concluded that at the time of the shooting, over the limited area examined, there was little overlap in diet for important components, and therefore probably little competition for food among the duck species and coot.
• 8 Some general observations have been made on the feeding biology of duck and coot, and it is pointed out that the feeding apparatus of coot differs from that of all duck species in having shearing edges. This difference is related to the dietary differences in a predictable manner.

     

Central alpha-MSH infusion in rats: disparate anorexic vs. metabolic changes with aging

Changes of the anorexigenic and hypermetabolic components of the overall catabolic effect of alpha-MSH were studied in rats as a function of age. In male Wistar rats a 7 day-long intracerebroventricular infusion of alpha-MSH suppressed food intake and caused a fall in body weight in 2 and 3-4 month-old (young) groups, but it was most effective in the 24 month-old group and had hardly any effect in the 12 month-old (middle-aged) animals. In contrast, metabolic rate as well as biotelemetric measurements of core temperature and heart rate revealed the most pronounced hypermetabolic effects of such infusions at age 12 months. The hypermetabolic effect was still high in the oldest group, but low in the younger groups. In conclusion: Changes of the anorexigenic and hypermetabolic effects in the course of aging are not concordant. The overall catabolic activity of alpha-MSH is smallest in the middle-aged and highest in the oldest group.