菊花切花瓶插期间的生理变化

菊花品种黑荷(Dendranthema morifolium),初开时采剪,留10 cm花枝和两片叶子,分别插入盛蒸馏水(对照)和保鲜剂(2％蔗糖 70ppm硝酸钙 33ppm柠檬酸 30ppm硝酸银)的50ml三角瓶中,置于室内散射光下。从瓶插开始每隔4     

催花液对唐菖蒲切花水分生理及衰老的影响

本研究用两种不同催花液对唐菖蒲切花进行了处理。结果表明催花液不但具有催花效应,而且具有保鲜效应;催花液Ｉ的效果优于催花液Ⅱ。结果还表明催花液能够提高唐菖蒲切花的开放率（第１５天比对照平均多３４．４８％）,降低衰老率（第１５天比对照平均人低５６．８２％）,明显地缓解切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,抑制和缓解干物质和蛋白质的降解。     

冷藏荔枝货架期品质与生理变化

荔枝果实在5℃下分别冷藏2h,5d,30d后,货架期品质明显降低;果实果皮细胞质膜相对透性和POD活性升高。同时测定了不同冷藏处理果实货架期间密闭状态下的CO2和乙烯浓度的变化。     

保鲜剂及冷藏对鹤望兰切花瓶插品质的影响

本文探讨不同保鲜剂、预处理液及冷藏时间对鹤望兰切花瓶插寿命和观赏品质的影响。结果表明,供试的8组瓶插保鲜液中,以配方5% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+100 mg/L CA+150 mg/L STS+100 mg/L CoCl₂+25 mg/L EDTA-Na保鲜效果最佳,切花瓶插寿命(23.5 d)比CK延长15.2 d,小花开放率(56.1%)比CK提高1.19倍。供试的5组冷藏预处理液中,以10% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+75 mg/L KH₂PO₄·3H₂O效果最佳,切花经过2~3周8~10℃冷藏后,瓶插寿命(13.7 d)比CK延长7.9 d,小花开放率(43.6%)比CK提高98.2%;该处理组鹤望兰切花的适宜冷藏时间可延长为3周。     

不同保鲜剂对唐菖蒲切花保鲜效果的研究

唐宫蒲（Gladiolus）又名大葛兰,为国际市场上重要的切花之一。近年来我国不少地方在发展唐营蒲切花生产,因此进行其切花保鲜的研究具有重要的现实意义。据调查,对瓶插唐茁蒲保鲜及生理效应的研究报道较少”·”。鉴此,我们在前人研究基础上,研究了不同保鲜剂对瓶插唐宫蒲     

低温冷藏下的冬枣某些生理指标变化和保鲜效应

聚乙烯袋包装的冬枣放在室温、(0±0.5)和(?2±0.5)℃下贮藏后,其呼吸速率、乙烯释放量、淀粉酶活性和膜透性明显受抑制;叶绿素、维生素C、淀粉和可溶性固形物含量的下降速度延缓;硬度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性得到保持。(0±0.5)℃下贮藏的效果优于(?2±0.5)℃。     

唐菖蒲花粉低温保存过程中的生理生化特征

以唐菖蒲切花栽培品种嫦娥粉花粉为实验材料,比较其花粉各项生理生化指标在-80℃和4℃贮藏过程中(360 d)的变化,以探讨2种保存条件下花粉保存效果出现显著性差异的生理生化原因.结果表明:唐菖蒲花粉在2种保存温度条件下,随保存时间的延长,各项生理生化指标表现出显著差异.与4℃保存处理相比,-80℃保存处理抑制了花粉中MDA的积累,增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,减轻了花粉膜质过氧化和膜系统受伤害程度,同时提高了花粉可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量,增强了花粉的抗冻能力,从而使低温保存花粉活力维持在相对较高水平,这或许是-80℃条件下花粉保存效果较好的部分生理生化原因.     

切花品质的生理生化基础

切花品质的形成和采后变化与切花中水分、碳水化合物、有机酸、挥发性物质、色素物质、矿质元素、维生素和植物激素等化学成分的含量及其变化密切相关。切花采前的栽培管理水平也对切花品质有重要影响。     

低温下贮藏的芍药切花瓶插寿命和几种生理生化特性变化

芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall)品种白色"雪峰"和紫红色"桃花飞雪"采自山东菏泽牡丹研究所生产基地.早晨7:00采切花蕾发育基本一致的芍药花枝200支,花枝长45 cm,1 h内运回实验室,迅速放入流动水中清洗花蕾,洗去花蕾表面的蜜液及污物,然后在杀菌液(1 000 mg·L-1甲基托布津)中速沾后,散开平放于报纸上避光晾干.切花晾干后,整理分级,在水中斜切基部,保留2片复叶,再插入4 mmol·L-1硫代硫酸银溶液中10 min,然后用吸水纸包裹花头,10支为1束,封于聚乙烯塑料袋中,于2℃下贮藏30、60、90、120 d后进行水插试验.     

亚精胺对瓶插唐菖蒲切花的生理效应

以亚精胺代替常用保鲜剂中的AgNO。处理瓶插唐宫蒲（G＊无心a仲讪。洲）品种大桔红的切花。保鲜剂组成有两种,一种为IcX10‘mol／L亚精胶十SOOmg／L柠檬酸十2％蔗糖十250mg／L8一羟基喷淋;另一种为常用保鲜剂,由50mg／LAgNO。＋500mg／L柠檬酸十2％蔗糖十250mg／L8一羟基喷淋。以清水为对照。每瓶处理18枝花,分装6个盛有500ml保鲜剂的棕色广口瓶中。花枝上包上薄布后,置80”C热水中浸l～2min,至枝条中气体赶出为止,快速移入保鲜液中,置于无阳光直射,21～26C和RH为80％士15％处。还原糖测定用斐林试剂比色法。测定PH时．…     

丛枝菌根真菌延长百合切花观赏期作用机制的初步研究

为初步探究丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhizal,AM)真菌促进百合生长并延长瓶插过程中切花观赏期的作用机制,于温室盆栽条件下对百合Lilium brownii进行摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae和变形球囊霉Glomusversiforme单一接种或者共同双接种处理。结果表明,共同接种F.mosseae和G.versiforme的百合地上部干重和地下部干重均显著高于不接种对照,分别增加了60%和58%。与不接种对照相比,接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合根尖数、根系长度、分叉数、表面积和根系体积分别比对照增加123%、128%、182%、118%和232%。切花瓶插期间,接种AM真菌处理的百合切花水分平衡值和鲜重变化率显著高于对照处理;乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率显著低于对照,瓶插5d时达到乙烯峰值5.4μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合切花乙烯释放速率比对照降低30%;呼吸速率则在瓶插1d时达到峰值0.7μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种比对照降低37%;百合花瓣内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别提高19%、32%、52%和26%。百合花瓣内N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Fe和Zn含量均显著高于不接种对照处理,Mn和Cr含量则低于对照;共同接种处理的百合瓶插寿命增加了3d,最佳观赏时间比对照延长2d。结论认为共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理更加有效地改善切花花枝的水分平衡、营养状况与生理代谢,控制衰老激素的合成,从而延长百合切花的瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期。     

月季切花衰老过程中多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系

以月季切花为材料,研究了月季切花瓶插过程中多胺含量的变化,外源多胺处理对月季药花体内多胺含量的影响以及多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系。结果表明,月季切花瓶插衰老过程中腐胺在前2d略有增加,亚精胺和精胺均呈下降趋势;外源亚精胺和精胺处理均能增加切花体内多胺含量,并能延缓切花衰老和改善切花品质;且亚精胺和精胺处理降低了MDA含量的积累和膜相对透性的上升趋势。     

鲜切花保鲜相关调控基因研究进展

对切花保鲜相关调控基因：ACC氧化酶基因（CAO）,ACC合成酶基因（ACS）,ert-1基因和切花保鲜相关调控因子;乙醇、乙醛、DPSS和钴等做一综述。     

Hydraulic conductance and the maintenance of water balance in flowers

Flowers face desiccating conditions, yet little is known about their ability to transport water. We quantified variability in floral hydraulic conductance (K_flower) for 20 species from 10 families and related it to traits hypothesized to be associated with liquid and vapour phase water transport. Basal angiosperm flowers had trait values associated with higher water and carbon costs than monocot and eudicot flowers. K_flower was coordinated with water supply (vein length per area, VLA) and loss (minimum epidermal conductance, g_min) traits among the magnoliids, but was insensitive to variation in these traits among the monocots and eudicots. Phylogenetic independent contrast (PIC) correlations revealed that few traits had undergone coordinated evolution. However, VLA and the desiccation time (T_des), the quotient of water content and g_min, had significant trait and PIC correlations. The near absence of stomata from monocot and eudicot flowers may have been critical in minimizing water loss rates among these clades. Early divergent, basal angiosperm flowers maintain higher K_flower because of traits associated with high rates water loss and water supply, while monocot and eudicot flowers employ a more conservative strategy of limiting water loss and may rely on stored water to maintain turgor and delay desiccation.     

蕾期干旱胁迫对百合切花品质的影响

以东方百合品种‘Sorbonne’为材料,在滇中气候条件下研究蕾期不同程度干旱对百合叶片生理生化指标和复水后切花质量的影响.结果表明: 随着干旱时间的延长,百合叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量大幅下降,气孔密度、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量均上升.轻度干旱下,MDA含量上升缓慢,中度干旱后期上升较快,重度干旱使质膜受到的损害加重,最终影响MDA的合成.脯氨酸在轻度干旱早期变化微小,至重度干旱时增幅骤然加大,说明其对水分亏缺的敏感性较MDA低.复水至开花期,蕾期干旱对植株花期性状的影响表现为: 新梢生长量、株高、花径、花瓣长、宽和花色素含量均与对照差异显著,各性状指标与植株经历的干旱胁迫时间呈反比,即蕾期干旱时间越长,切花植株越矮,花朵越小,花色越浅.7个处理间花期叶部形态(长和宽)变化不显著.蕾期干旱使花朵开放时间延后,经历中、重度干旱的植株复水后花枝质量无法恢复到正常水平.综上,早期轻度干旱对百合切花质量影响较小,尚未造成花枝等级降低,中、重度干旱使切花质量严重下降,失去商品价值.     

Water balance and rectal absorption in the grasshopper Oedipoda

ABSTRACT. The xeric grasshopper Oedipoda germanica pyrenaica (Uvarov, 1936) has a daily cycle of water-gain from feeding during the afternoon and water-loss at night. The afternoon peak of water-gain in laboratory animals is correlated with a short-term rise in the osmotic pressure of the haemolymph in field animals. It is estimated that starved large animals would deplete their water reserves within 8–11 days. Water loss in faeces production is a major component of total water loss only during the late afternoon to early evening; at all other times transpiratory water losses are considerably greater. Overall, 23% of the daily water loss occurs through the faeces. From hindgut cannulation experiments, c. 80% of water entering the rectum is reabsorbed. A comparison of transpiratory water losses of xeric and mesic Orthoptera and some xeric Coleoptera revealed that water losses are some 6–7 times higher in Orthoptera than in similar sized Coleoptera.     

Physiological changes during colony establishment in the termite Hodotermes mossambicus (Hagen): Water balance and energy content

The changes in dry mass, wet mass and energy content were determined during the establishment of the incipient colony. The winged reproductives of H. mossambicus are weak fliers. It is postulated that the alates compensate for the large quantity of reserve material by reducing their body water. The wet mass of both males and females increased significantly (twice original mass) from emergence until the first larvae appeared which tends support to this view. Furthermore, although the termites maintained in groups imbibed water, it is also clear that the reproductives, as long as they remain social, maintain the same low body-water content. This desiccated physiological condition appears to be and adaptation which assists flight and dispersal. In contrast with sterile eggs, fertile eggs absorbed water during development. The paired females (normal and homosexual) maintained the same energy/unit wet mass from egg production until the first workers appeared. Thus the possibility exists that the hydrophobic reserves (e.g. triglycerides) were converted to the hydrophilic reserves (e.g. carbohydrates). The same applied to the eggs and offspring.The changes in dry mass, wet mass, body water and energy content of females per unit of eggs (specific mass) produced were 0.005, 8.696, 21,276 and 12.820 respectively. The small specific dry mass value can probably be ascribed to the use of small amounts of glycerides and the increase in dry mass by the conversion from relatively light and “compact” glycerides to relatively heavy and “bulky” glycogen.Females utilised far more dry mass and energy in comparison to males to survive until the first workers appeared. Wet mass, body water and energy used in rearing of the offspring shows clearly that males made a larger contribution to the water and energy requirements of the offspring.     

Invertase and sucrose synthase in flowers

Sucrose and reducing sugar concentrations in petals of cut carnation flowers, whose life was prolonged up to 7 days by bathing stalks in sucrose solutions, were respectively 3-fold and 2-fold higher than those bathed in water. Reducing sugar concentrations were about 7-fold higher than sucrose concentrations. A study of invertase and sucrose synthase activities in flower petals of carnation and four other species of flowers revealed that both enzymes may be involved in hydrolysis of translocated sucrose. Invertase activity, while being up to 20-fold higher than sucrose synthase activity in some species was approximately comparable in others. More detailed studies on invertase from petals of 3 flower species demonstrated the presence of only the acid form of the enzyme with a K_m value for sucrose of about 2.5 mM.     

荒漠昆虫光滑鳖甲的耐寒性季节变化及其生理机制

光滑鳖甲Anatolica polita borealis生活于温差大的新疆荒漠环境, 为探讨其耐寒性及耐寒机制, 本研究测定了其3-9月份成虫在－10℃的耐寒性、过冷却点（SCP）、含水量、甘油含量和血淋巴热滞活性(thermal hysteresis activity, THA)以及冷驯化对增强光滑鳖甲成虫耐寒性的效果, 还测定了光滑鳖甲不同发育阶段幼虫的SCP。结果表明: 光滑鳖甲成虫的耐寒性和SCP具有明显的季节性变化, 3月初SCP为－12.5℃, 7月为－6℃, 9月底为－13.6℃。4℃冷驯化能够提高光滑鳖甲成虫在－10℃的存活率, 未驯化组在40 min的存活率为50%, 而驯化2 h的为70%, 驯化24 h的为90%。虫体含水量在夏季有显著降低, 3月、7月和9月结合水与自由水的比值分别为10.8∶1,2.6∶1和5.4∶1。成虫甘油含量与SCP的回归方程为y=－0.6204x－5.681, R²=0.7714。成虫血淋巴THA与过冷却点的回归方程为y=－5.26x－1.713, R²=0.9049。血淋巴THA比甘油浓度更能影响过冷却点降低的程度。随着幼虫的发育, 其SCP逐渐降低。结果提示, 光滑鳖甲通过提高结合水与自由水的比值、增加抗冻蛋白和甘油的含量使虫体保持较低的SCP, 因而具有较高的耐寒性。