钙离子激动钾通道在大鼠逼尿肌不稳定膀胱中的表达及变化

目的:探讨钙离子激动钾通道与逼尿肌功能变化之间的关系.方法:根据膀胱压力容积测定结果将动物分为稳定组(29只)和不稳定组(9只),其中稳定组分为BOO(11只)、SCI模型(9只)和时照组(9只),通过RT-PCR技术测定逼尿肌中各型钙离子激动钾通道表达及变化.结果:正常大鼠中逼尿肌不稳定发生率为24.3%.钙离子激动钾通道BKCa和SKCa亚型在各组模型大鼠逼尿肌中均有表达.钙离子激动钾通道BKCa亚型在IDI组、BOO和SCI组逼尿肌中的表达低于正常对照组.结论:钙离子激动钾通道的表达异常引起平滑肌细胞静息电位降低、兴奋性增高可能是引起逼尿肌不稳定的原因之一.     

T型钙通道在逼尿肌过度活动发病中作用的实验研究

目的:研究T型钙通道在逼尿肌过度活动(detrusor overactivity,DO)大鼠模型中的改变并探索其在发病机制中的作用.方法:部分结扎雌性大鼠近端尿道制作DO动物模型,假手术组作为对照;6周后使用尿流动力学技术膀胱测压筛选实验动物;应用钙荧光探针Fluo-4比较模型和对照大鼠培养逼尿肌静息钙浓度,观察比较加入T型钙通道阻断剂Mibefradil后细胞静息钙浓度的变化;利用穿孔膜片钳技术比较模型和对照组大鼠急性分离逼尿肌细胞中T型钙通道密度.结果:膀胱测压中出现非排尿收缩的为DO大鼠.结果表明近端尿道部分结扎可成功制作DO动物模型;钙探针激光共聚焦实验表明当T型钙通道被抑制后,DO、对照逼尿肌细胞的静息钙荧光强度均显著下降,其中自身前后荧光变化率DO组显著大于正常组;穿孔膜片钳结果表明DO大鼠逼尿肌中T型钙通道的密度显著大于对照.结论:T型钙通道活动在DO动物中显著上调,这可能是导致该疾病的重要分子机制.     

一种改良的逼尿肌急性分离方法及离子通道电流检测

目的:建立一种稳定的适合膜片钳技术的逼尿肌细胞急性酶分离方法,为排尿相关障碍性疾病的研究提供必要的技术平台.方法:采用H型胶原酶和木瓜蛋白酶相混合的鸡尾酒酶液对新鲜离体的大鼠膀胱逼尿肌条在37℃条件下振荡消化,α-actin免疫荧光染色对分离并培养的原代细胞进行鉴定,在膜片钳工作台上分别对其进行L型钙电流和BKca钾电流的全细胞记录.结果:可获得大量的单个逼尿肌细胞.经过免疫荧光染色证实为平滑肌细胞.分离细胞活性良好,在膜片钳实验系统上可记录到多种通道电流.结论:建立了一种操作简单、成功率高、活性好的逼尿肌细胞急性酶分离方法并成功应用于膜片钳技术.     

糖尿病性膀胱病逼尿肌中SCFmRNA 和SCF 蛋白的表达

目的:检测DCP逼尿肌中SCF表达水平,探讨SCF基因表达与DCP关系及其发病机制。方法:按1:2病例对照研究,采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)及尿动力学检测成功建立DCP豚鼠20只为实验组,并以同质豚鼠40为对照组,应用RT-PCR和Western-blotting方法分别检测各组膀胱逼尿肌中SCF mRNA、SCF蛋白的表达。结果:DCP豚鼠组织中SCF mRNA表达与正常对照组比较无明显显著差异(P>0.05),DCP豚鼠组织中SCF蛋白表达明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论:DCP组织中SCF蛋白表达减少与SCF基因翻译水平异常有关,因此高血糖环境下SCF基因表达异常可能是DCP的发病机制之一。     

mTOR及其底物在HeLa细胞的细胞周期不同时相中的表达

为探讨细胞生长的机制 ,用RT PCR、Western印迹及蛋白激酶活性测定等方法对同步化的HeLa细胞的细胞周期不同时相中mTOR(mammaliantargetofrapamycin) ,p70S6激酶 (p70S6K)的α1 、α2 、β1 、β2 不同亚型及起始因子 4E结合蛋白 1 (4EBP1 )的表达进行了检测 .RT PCR的结果表明 :在G1 、S1 、G2 、M1 、M2 几个细胞周期时相中 ,mTOR的mRNA表达无明显变化 .mTOR的底物P70S6K的亚型α1 、α2 、β1 、β2 在M期表达均有明显增加 .4EBP1的表达在M期明显减少 .免疫印迹的结果与RT PCR的一致 ,即M期p70S6K的α1 、α2 、均有增加 ,4EBP1在M期减少 .活性测定表明 ,G2 期、M期mTOR较其它期有明显增加 ,4EBP1在M期活性有所下降 .研究结果表明 :mTOR、p70S6K、4EBP1很可能在HeLa细胞的生长中起重要的调节作用     

帕金森病的尿动力学表现及临床意义

为了评估有持久膀胱排尿障碍的帕金森氏病患者的尿动力学表现及其临床意义,对25例帕金森氏病患者行尿动力检查,并要求记录并回收24小时排尿日记.结果显示,1)有18例患者出现膀胱过度活动,逼尿肌收缩力低下或无反射4例,膀胱出口梗阻6例,另3例检查结果正常,无一例出现逼尿肌-括约肌协同失调; 2)患者所返回的排尿日记显示帕金森氏病患者普遍出现日排尿次数增加及每次排尿量的减少.由此可以得出结论:逼尿肌反射亢进是帕金森氏病患者尿动力学检查的最常见类型;尿动力学检查对正确处理帕金森氏病患者的排尿障碍有指导意义.     

MNNG诱发的遗传不稳定vero细胞中错配修复功能的研究

在MNNG诱发的延迟发生的,以非定标性突变形成为特征的遗传不稳定vero细胞抽提物中,应用凝胶阻滞和体外错配修复技术,发现仍存在特异性针对G·T的错配结合蛋白,能选择性识别并结合DNA中的G·T错配;同时发现在该细胞核抽提物中G·T错配能被有效、特异地修复成G·C。经与正常vero细胞比较,证实二者功能均无缺陷。从而排除了MNNG通过对错配结合蛋白及G·T错配修复功能的损伤而诱发细胞遗传不稳定的可能机制。     

人白细胞抗原G3在稳定转染细胞细胞膜上的表达

人白细胞抗原G(HLA G)是一种在母婴耐受中起主要作用的非经典的HLA Ⅰ类分子 .其中HLA G3结构简单 ,仅具有α1结构域、穿膜区及胞浆区 ,其是否在细胞表面表达尚存在争议 .为了建立HLA G3稳定转染细胞株并确定其在细胞内的定位 ,采用RT PCR法从 9周人胎盘组织中获得了HLA G3的cDNA ,并构建到真核表达载体pcDNA3中 ,将所获得的真核表达质粒pcDNA G3转染至HLA Ⅰ (- )细胞株K5 6 2 ,经G4 18筛选后获得稳定转染的细胞株K5 6 2 G3.利用RT PCR、Western印迹检测方法证明在K5 6 2 G3细胞株中 ,HLA G3在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上均有表达 .进一步利用免疫荧光标记技术 ,证明HLA G3能够在转染细胞细胞膜上表达 .结果表明 ,稳定转染细胞株中HLA G3蛋白能够定位表达在细胞膜     

T型钙通道α1G亚单位在细胞增殖中的功能研究

利用稳定过表达人类T型钙通道α_(1G)亚单位的HEK-293细胞研究了T型钙通道在细胞增殖中的作用。RT-PCR和标准全细胞膜片钳记录分别从mRNA转录水平和T型钙通道蛋白功能水平验证了α_(1G)单位的过表达的实现。生长曲线表明,T型钙通道α_(1G)亚单位的过表达能显著促进细胞增殖,HEKα_(1G)~+细胞的细胞群体倍增时间(13.7±0.3h)比对照HEK-293细胞的细胞群体倍增时间(22.1±1.1h)缩短了约8h;流式细胞分析结果也与此吻合,在稳定过表达了人类T型钙通道α_(1G)亚单位的细胞处于S期的细胞百分率比对照HEK-293细胞高,相反地处于G_0/G_1期的百分率比对照HEK-293细胞低,以上结果证明过表达T型钙通道α_(1G)亚单位能促进细胞增殖;T型钙通道特异性阻断剂mibefradil抑制HEKα_(1G)~+细胞增殖,IC_(50)为3.5/μmol/L,表明在HEK-293细胞过表达T型钙通道对细胞增殖的促进作用可以被T型钙通道特异性阻断剂mibefradil抑制,这就进一步证明了T型钙通道在促进细胞增殖方面的直接作用。Western杂交结果提示了T型钙通道α_(1G)亚单位的表达是通过某种信号途径提高了与细胞周期有关的蛋白质,cyclin A、cyclin E和CDK2的表达水平,从而刺激了细胞周期的进程。本研究有助于理解细胞增殖的机制并为开发治疗与细胞增殖异常有关疾病的新药提供了理论依据。     

TNFalph 和 IL-1bet 靶点抗炎药物筛选细胞模型的构建

目的:构建两个高表达人TNFα和IL-1β细胞系,建立抗炎药物筛选细胞模型。方法:运用PCR的方法从载体pCMVSport-TNFα和p CMVSport-IL1β上扩增目的基因,以亚克隆方法将目的基因分别插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1和pFLAG-CMV中,用单酶切、PCR扩增和基因测序的方法鉴定重组效果,然后将重组成功的质粒转入HEK293细胞系内,挑选能够稳定表达并遗传的单克隆细胞株,用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析其表达效果。结果:三种鉴定方法均显示重组质粒构建成功。Western blot结果显示,细胞株T3、T4均能较高表达炎症因子TNF-α;细胞株I2、I3、I5均能较高表达炎症因子IL-1β。结论:成功构建了TNFα和IL-1β靶标的药物筛选细胞模型,为筛选具有抗炎作用的中药提供了一个新平台。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.