CD2相关蛋白在足细胞分化中的作用

本文旨在研究肾脏足细胞的分化特点及CD2相关蛋白(CD2-associated protein,CD2AP)在足细胞分化过程中的作用.用RPMI 1640培养基在33.C许可条件下培养永生化小鼠足细胞系(未分化组),转染针对CD2AP的小分子干扰RNA(smallinterfering RNA,siRNA)后置于37.C非许可条件下培养(转染组),并将非许可条件下未转染组作为对照组.用MTT法检测足细胞的生长速度;用RT-PCR方法检测CD2AP、WTI、synaptopodin和nephrin mRNA表达;用Western blot检测CD2AP、wTl和nephrin蛋白表达;用免疫荧光结合激光共聚焦方法检测CD2AP、nephrin、F-actin和tubulin在分化及未分化足细胞中的分布及其共定位情况.结果显示,CD2AP、WTl和nephrin在分化及未分化足细胞中均可稳定表达,而synaptopodin仅表达于已分化足细胞,在未分化足细胞无表达.在足细胞分化过程中,CD2AP和nephrin的表达上调(P<0.05);CD2AP、tubulin和F-actin在细胞内的分布发生改变,CD2AP与nephrin及F-actin在未分化足细胞中存在共定位关系.转染特异性siRNA下调CD2AP表达,细胞生长速度明显减慢,synaptopodin mRNA表达下调(P<0.05),细胞分化迟滞.结果表明,足细胞分化过程中伴随细胞骨架的重新分布和细胞形态的改变;CD2AP可能作为足细胞裂孔隔膜分子与细胞骨架的连接蛋白,在足细胞分化过程中发挥重要作用.     

脂肪分化相关蛋白基因多态性与优质鸡屠宰性状和肌内脂肪含量的相关性研究

对脂肪分化相关蛋白(Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein, ADFP)基因的外显子进行SNPs 检测, 探讨其作为鸡脂肪性状候选基因的可能性。实验以四川省畜牧科学研究院和大恒家禽育种有限公司培育的优质肉鸡新品系为素材, 采用PCR-SSCP的方法进行SNPs 检测和基因型的分析。结果找到3个SNPs位点: 4 079位由A→T(位点A)、4 843位由C→T(位点B)和7 070位由A→G(位点C)。单位点基因型对屠宰性状的遗传效应分析表明, 位点A的基因型对腿肌率、腹脂重、腹脂率和肌内脂肪含量有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 位点B的基因型对活重和屠体重均有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 位点C的基因型对胸肌重和肌内脂肪含量有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 对胸肌率有极显著性影响(P < 0.01)。初步推断ADFP基因可能是影响鸡脂肪性状的主效基因或与主效基因连锁, 推测可以利用多态位点A和C对鸡腹脂重、腹脂率和肌内脂肪含量进行标记辅助选择。     

亲环蛋白的结构、细胞定位和生物学功能

亲环蛋白(cyclophilin, CyP)家族是一类广泛存在于原核和真核生物体内, 并在结构上高度保守的多功能蛋白质.该家族属于具有催化含脯氨酸的寡肽底物顺反异构作用的肽脯氨酰顺反异构酶(peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases, PPIase).CyP通过催化含肽脯氨酰的顺反异构而帮助蛋白质折叠和组装.此外, CyP还起着分子伴侣的作用, 在应激反应中参与调节信号转导途径, 并影响RNA的剪接过程.自最初CyP作为免疫抑制剂环孢素A (cyclosporin A , CsA)的细胞受体被发现以来, 目前大约有130种CyP同源异构体被发现和克隆.CyP家族各成员间不仅分子量不同, 而且在细胞分布及功能上也存在着差异.现从CyP的结构、细胞定位及其功能等3个方面对其作一阐述.     

miR-340-5p及PDCD4在过表达乙肝病毒X蛋白的足细胞中的表达及生物学意义

乙肝病毒X蛋白(HBx)引起足细胞损伤与乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎的发病有关,但具体的机制尚不清楚。miR‐340‐5p是受到HBx调控的miR,能够靶向细胞程序性死亡基因4(PDCD4)基因发挥神经元保护作用。本研究观察了过表达HBx的足细胞中miR‐340‐5p及PDCD4表达的变化及生物学意义。培养小鼠足细胞系MPC5后转染HBx质粒、miR‐340‐5p、si‐PDCD4,MTS法检测细胞增殖活力OD₄₉₀、TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡率、荧光定量PCR检测miR‐340‐5p的表达、Western blot检测PDCD4的表达、双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR‐340‐5p靶向PDCD4基因3’UTR。结果显示,与对照组比较,HBx组细胞中miR‐340‐5p的表达、OD₄₉₀水平降低,PDCD4的表达、凋亡率增加;与HBx组比较,HBx+miR‐340‐5p组细胞中miR‐340‐5p的表达、OD₄₉₀水平增加,PDCD4的表达、凋亡率降低,HBx+si‐PDCD4组细胞中OD₄₉₀水平增加,...     

AMPA受体和相关蛋白在束缚应激大鼠相关脑区的表达变化及逍遥散对其影响

目的：观察海马及杏仁核α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸（AMPA）受体亚基和相关调节蛋白在束缚应激状态下蛋白表达变化及逍遥散的调节作用。方法：使用每天捆绑3 h的方法制作慢性束缚应激动物模型,并用逍遥散进行干预,分别于7 d后和21 d后用Western blot方法检测各组大鼠海马CA1区、CA3区、齿状回（DG）和杏仁核的AMPA受体亚基GluR2/3及N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺敏感性的融合蛋白（NSF）、PKC作用蛋白1（PICK1）蛋白表达的情况。结果：7 d应激可使DG和杏仁核的GluR2/3、NSF表达显著降低（P均〈0.05）,使PICK1在CA1区的表达量显著增多（P〈0.05）,逍遥散对PICK1变化显示出一定调节作用。21 d应激可使CA1区的GluR2/3、NSF表达升高,其中GluR2/3有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,而在杏仁核表达有降低趋势,逍遥散对其均有显著调节作用（均为P〈0.05）,21 d应激使杏仁核PICK1表达量出现升高趋势,逍遥散可显著降低其表达（P〈0.05）。结论：AMPA受体在短期重复应激和慢性应激状态下反应不同,海马和杏仁核反应相反,逍遥散对慢性应激状态下AMPA受体表达的调节作用较短期重复应激强。     

Aβ1-42注射后大鼠海马神经元凋亡及线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达变化的研究

目的:研究大鼠海马注射淀粉样β蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)后海马神经元凋亡及线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的变化,探讨其在阿尔茨海默病发病机制与病理改变中的作用.方法:SD大鼠36只随机分为正常对照组,生理盐水组和模型组.大鼠双侧海马注射Aβ1-42越建立AD模型,不同时间点Y迷宫进行行为学测试,TUNEL法检测海马神经元凋亡表达,western-blot检测海马细胞色素C、caspase-9蛋白表达.结果:模型组大鼠术后14天达到学会标准所需电击次数较生理盐水组和正常对照组增加(P<0.05),21天、28天增加更显著(P<0.01).模型组凋亡细胞数较正常对照组、生理盐水组明显增多(P<0.01).模型组大鼠海马细胞色素C与caspase-9蛋白表达明显高于生理盐水组与正常对照组(P<0.05).结论:Aβ1-42>海马注射通过激活线粒体凋亡途径诱导海马神经元凋亡.引起大鼠学习记忆能力损害,在AD的发病机制与病理进程中发挥重要作用.     

间充质干细胞表达趋化因子及受体的相关生物学功能

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是一群存在于骨髓间质和其他组织间质的干细胞,表达CD34和CD133.近来研究发现,存在于骨髓的间充质干细胞除了能支持造血,向骨细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞进行多向分化外,其分泌的趋化因子及其相关受体在MSCs的信号转导、维持内环境的稳定、损伤修复、免疫调节、支持造血等功能中也发挥了关键性的作用.     

环氧化酶-2和CD44v6蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中表达及临床意义

探讨环氧化酶-2(cyclooxy-genase-2,COX-2)和CD44v6蛋白在官颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)和浸润宫颈鳞癌(ICC)中的表达及其意义.应用免疫组织化学方法,检测45例ICC、25例CIN和10例正常宫颈组织(NCE)中COX-2和CD44v6蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理特征进行分析.结果表明,在ICC、CIN和NCE中,COX-2蛋白表达阳性率分别为82.2%(37/45)、40%(10/25)和0%(0/10),差异有显著性(P＜0.05);CD44v6蛋白表达阳性率分别为88.9%(40/45)、44%(11/25)和20%(2/10),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).COX-2和CD44v6蛋白表达与ICC的分化程度和淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05),但与临床分期无关(P＞0.05).COX-2和CD44v6可能参与了调控ICC的发生、发展过程,其高表达预示ICC预后不良.     

The Expression and Significance of Neuronal Iconic Proteins in Podocytes

Growing evidence suggests that there are many common cell biological features shared by neurons and podocytes; however, the mechanism of podocyte foot process formation remains unclear. Comparing the mechanisms of process formation between two cell types should provide useful guidance from the progress of neuron research. Studies have shown that some mature proteins of podocytes, such as podocin, nephrin, and synaptopodin, were also expressed in neurons. In this study, using cell biological experiments and immunohistochemical techniques, we showed that some neuronal iconic molecules, such as Neuron-specific enolase, nestin and Neuron-specific nuclear protein, were also expressed in podocytes. We further inhibited the expression of Neuron-specific enolase, nestin, synaptopodin and Ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase-1 by Small interfering RNA in cultured mouse podocytes and observed the significant morphological changes in treated podocytes. When podocytes were treated with Adriamycin, the protein expression of Neuron-specific enolase, nestin, synaptopodin and Ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase-1 decreased over time. Meanwhile, the morphological changes in the podocytes were consistent with results of the Small interfering RNA treatment of these proteins. The data demonstrated that neuronal iconic proteins play important roles in maintaining and regulating the formation and function of podocyte processes.     

p53 is Nuclear and Functional in Both Undifferentiated and Differentiated Neuroblastoma

Aberrant cytoplasmic sequestration has been reported as an alternative mechanism of p53 inactivation to mutation in neuroblastoma. We hypothesized that p53 localization and function in neuroblastoma is related to differentiation status. Eighty-two untreated and 24 paired pre and post-chemotherapy neuroblastomas were studied by immunocytochemistry for p53, p21^WAF1, BAX, Bcl2 and Ki67. Predominantly nuclear p53 was detected in undifferentiated neuroblastoma, and both nuclear and cytoplasmic p53 in differentiating neuroblastoma. The nuclear p53 labeling index (LI) correlated with the Ki67 LI (r = 0.51, p     

Differences in the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Phosphorylation of Plasma Membrane Proteins of Differentiated and Undifferentiated L6 Myogenic Cells

Differences in the cyclic AMP-dependent plasma membrane phosphorylation system of undifferentiated and differentiated L₆ myogenic cells have been detected. Endogenous plasma membrane protein phosphorylation in undifferentiated L₆ myoblasts was stimulated more than three fold by 5 × 10⁻⁵ M cyclic AMP, whereas no statistically significant cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous plasma membrane proteins was observed in differentiated L₆ cells. In undifferentiated cells cyclic AMP promoted the phosphorylation of several proteins, the most prominent of which had a molecular weight of 110,000. In differentiated cells cyclic AMP did not selectively promote the phosphorylation of specific plasma membrane proteins. Both differentiated and undifferentiated L₆ cells, however, contain a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates, such as histone f₂b. Therefore, the data show that differentiation in L₆ cells is associated with a selective change in the activity of a plasma membrane cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase which employs endogenous membrane proteins as substrate.     

Measles Virus Infection and Replication in Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuronal Cells in Culture

Measles virus (MV) infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) typically involves widespread infection of neurons. However, little is known about how they become infected, how defective virus arises and accumulates, or how virus spreads among the cells of the CNS. In vitro studies of viral interactions with human neuronal cells may contribute to the resolution of such issues. In mixed cultures containing differentiated human neuronal (hNT2) cells and neuroepithelial cells, immunofluorescence studies show that the neurons, unlike both their NT2 progenitors and the neuroepithelial cells, are not initially susceptible to MV infection. This is possibly due to their lack of expression of CD46, a known cell surface receptor for MV. Later in the course of infection, however, both MV proteins and genomic RNA become detectable in their processes, where they contact infected, fully permissive neuroepithelial cells. Such a mechanism of virus transfer may be involved in the initiation and spread of persistent MV infection in diseases such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Furthermore, mutated defective virus may readily accumulate and spread without the need, at any stage, for viral maturation and budding.     

水稻种子储藏蛋白及其基因表达

作为人类氮素营养的一个重要来源,水稻种子储藏蛋白的组成、结构及其合成过程一直是为研究者所关注。随着研究的深入,对于谷蛋白基因的结构特点,表达方式以及与谷蛋白基因表达相关的转录因子也都为人们所逐渐了解。这些知识对于人们改善水稻籽粒的品质以及利用水稻籽粒来生产外源蛋白都具有十分重要的意义。本文对这些方面做一简要概述。 As an important nitrogen source of human being. The composition, structure and synthesis of rice storage protein were concerned by scientists. Now people know a lot about the structure ,expression patterns of rice glutelin genes. On the basis of these knowledge, we may improve the quality of rice grain and use it to produce foreign proteins. In this paper we summarize the knowledge about rice storage proteins that we have got in these years.     

The Profile of Heparanase Expression Distinguishes Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma from Benign Neoplasms

IntroductionThe search for a specific marker that could help to distinguish between differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign lesions remains elusive in clinical practice. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-beta-glucoronidase implicated in the process of tumor invasion, and the heparanase-2 (HPSE2) modulates HPSE activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of heparanases in the development and differential diagnosis of follicular pattern thyroid lesions.MethodsHPSE and HPSE2 expression by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry evaluation, western blot analysis and HPSE enzymatic activity were evaluated.ResultsThe expression of heparanases by qRT-PCR showed an increase of HPSE2 in thyroid carcinoma (P = 0.001). HPSE activity was found to be higher in the malignant neoplasms than in the benign tumors (P<0.0001). On Western blot analysis, HPSE2 isoforms were detected only in malignant tumors. The immunohistochemical assay allowed us to establish a distinct pattern for malignant and benign tumors. Carcinomas showed a typical combination of positive labeling for neoplastic cells and negative immunostaining in colloid, when compared to benign tumors (P<0.0001). The proposed diagnostic test presents sensitivity and negative predictive value of around 100%, showing itself to be an accurate test for distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions.ConclusionsThis study shows, for the first time, a distinct profile of HPSE expression in thyroid carcinoma suggesting its role in carcinogenesis.     

多聚磷酸相关蛋白结构及生物学功能

多聚磷酸（polyphosphate,polyP）是由几个到数百个磷酸基通过高能磷酸酐键连接而成的链状多聚体,存在于所有细胞生物中.多聚磷酸相关蛋白包括多聚磷酸相关酶和多聚磷酸结合蛋白.多聚磷酸相关酶如多聚磷酸激酶（polyphosphate kinase,PPK）催化polyPn生成polyPn+1的可逆反应;外切聚磷酸酶（exopolyphosphatase,PPX）、内切聚磷酸酶（endopolyphosphatase,PPN）能将polyP水解成磷酸残基;多聚磷酸依赖的激酶将polyP的磷转移到生物小分子上,如葡萄糖和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD）,使其分别磷酸化为6 磷酸葡萄糖和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,NADP）.多聚磷酸结合蛋白可与多聚磷酸结合,发挥各种生物学功能.本文将简要介绍多聚磷酸相关蛋白的结构与主要生物学功能,以阐述多聚磷酸参与的细胞内生化过程.