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1.
Yoav Waisel Eliezer Ganor Michael Glikman Valentina Epstein Shmuel Brenner 《Aerobiologia》1997,13(2):127-134
Airborne pollen was monitored in three major urban centers of the coastal plain of Israel during the years 1993–1995. Results
show spatial and temporal variations among the three sites. Altogether, the number of identified species was rather low. Ornamental
trees (Cupressaceae,Pinus, Olea, Casuarina, Ceratonia) and grasses, have constituted the main source of the pollen rain. A substantial contribution of the wild plants of the region
was restricted toParietaria, Urtica, Mercurialis, Artemisia, grasses and members of the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. 相似文献
2.
This report describes qualitatively and quantitatively the level of pollen in the atmosphere in the central region of Bursa. Turkey. In 1991, the season of maximum pollen concentration was from April to June, with a prevalence of arboreal pollen during the initial months, and of pollen from herbaceous plants in the latter months. During the year of research, 24 taxa of arboreal and 12 taxa of herbaceous pollen grains were collected and identified. In the region investigatedPinus, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae,Abies nordmanniana, Platanus orientalis, Olea europaea, Gramineae, Urticaceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae,Artemisia and Compositae were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen. Some important allergenic pollens such asOlea europaea, Gramineae and Urticaceae were also found in high concentration. In this study, a pollen calendar for the region is presented. 相似文献
3.
Environmental monitoring of pollen grains in the atmosphere of Melbourne has been achieved using Burkard volumetric traps. Twenty-two families of flowering plants and confiers were identified in the pollen counts. About 62% of these pollen grains belonged to trees, 20% to grasses and 9% to herbs and weedy plants. During spring and summer, the atmosphere contained about 70% of the total annual pollen count. Tree pollen, predominantly elm and cypress, occurred abundantly in late winter and spring, with grass pollen predominantly in spring and early summer. These three types of pollen grains occurred in significant amounts, together accounting for more than 60% of the total annual catch. A seasonal incidence chart (pollen calendar) for Melbourne based on 2 years observation has been constructed. This pollen calendar is useful in identifying sources of allergies against particular seasonal airborne pollen types. Comparison of the time of occurrence of a particular pollen type using the pollen calendar and the time of allergic symptoms, can lead to accurate diagnosis and preventive measures being taken. This study has confirmed that grass pollen is the major source of allergenic pollen in the external environment triggering hay fever and allergic asthma in spring and early summer in Melbourne, Australia. 相似文献
4.
Silvia Docampo Marta Recio M. Mar Trigo Marta Melgar Baltasar Cabezudo 《Aerobiologia》2007,23(3):189-199
An aeropalynological study was carried out in the atmosphere of the city of Nerja (southern Spain) during a period of 4 years
(2000–2003), using a Hirst type volumetric pollen trap. An annual pollen index of 59,750 grains, on average, was obtained
with 80–85% of the total pollen recorded from February to May, with Pinus, Olea, Urticaceae, Cupressaceae, Quercus and Poaceae being the principal pollen producers in abundance order. A total of 29 pollen types that reached a 10-day mean
equal to or greater than 1 grain of pollen per m3 of air is reflected in a pollen calendar. The results were compared with those obtained for nearby localities and a correlation
analysis was made between the daily fluctuations of the main pollen types and total pollen, and meteorological parameters
(temperature, rainfall and hours of sun). The daily, monthly and annual values reached by the most important pollen types
from an allergenic point of view (Olea, Urticaceae and Poaceae) confirms Nerja as a high-risk locality for the residents and the numerous tourists who visit the
area. 相似文献
5.
Atmospheric pollen was collected with a Burkard sporetrap in Ankara, Turkey from January 1993 to January1994. The sum of the annual totals of the dailyconcentration of pollen, belonging to 44 taxa, was57,735. A relatively high pollen concentration wasrecorded in June which could be caused by higher windspeed and lower rainfall. Pinaceae,Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Gramineae, Platanus, Populus,Moraceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Acer, Quercus,Betula, Salix, Rumex and Plantago are found tobe the dominant pollen types in the atmosphere inAnkara. 相似文献
6.
Airborne pollen and spore levels were monitored at seven sites in New Zealand using the Intermittent Cycling Rotorod sampler
during the summer of 1988/1989. Grasses formed the major component of atmospheric pollen levels during spring and summer at
every locality. Peak levels of grass and total pollen occurred during December or late November, with a slight latitudinal
lag apparent at the more southern sites. Highest levels were recorded at the smaller rural centres of Gore and Kaikohe and
the lowest at the larger urban centres of Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. We make a first approximation of the likely
risk to hayfever and allergic asthma patients at each of the seven centres. For example, significantly higher grass pollen
levels were experienced at Kaikohe on 44% and 65% of days during November and December, compared with just 15% and 8% at Auckland.
By recording the flowering seasons of the principal allergenic grass species at each locality, we determined the potentially
allergenic grasses contributing to peak pollen levels, the most ubiquitous being tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.,L. multiflorum Lam.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus L.) and sweet vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum L.).
Corresponding author. Deceased. 相似文献
7.
Giuseppe Frenguelli 《Aerobiologia》1998,14(2-3):95-100
Aerobiology is the science which studies the atmospheric dispersion of biological materials and their impact on the environment
and organisms. Therefore aerobiology covers many fields of basic and applied sciences and one of these is agriculture. The
study of the dispersion of phytopathogenic spores was one of the first applications of aerobiology together with the study
of pollinic aeroallergens in medicine, when aerobiology began to interest scientists more than 60 years ago. At the moment
aerobiology could help agriculture in different ways, being able to detect and diffuse large quantities of information useful
to optimize the production of many crops. The airborne particulate considered important in agriculture includes pollen, spores
and insects; thus, when aerobiology is spoken of as being applied to agriculture, we understand the involvement of many sectors
such as agronomy, plant pathology, mycology, botany, enthomology and others. 相似文献
8.
Continuous aerobiological survey of the atmosphere of Mar del Plata was carried out from December 1991 to November 1993 with
a Burkard volumetric spore trap. Daily slides were prepared and studied every 2 h with standard techniques. Weekly records
were kept for 27 relevant pollen types selected either by their prevalence or relative high atmospheric concentration. Quantitative
multivariate analysis enabled to distinguish three major pollen seasons, related to atmospheric dominance either arboreal
pollen (AP) or non-arboreal pollen (NAP). June to October is the richest period in number of pollen types, mainly dominated
by AP; while from November to May, there is an overwhelming dominance of NAP types, represented by grass, herb and weed pollen.
The study and prediction of this phenomenon is of great interest not only from the ecosystem point of view, but in relation
to human disease as well. 相似文献
9.
F. Javier Rodríguez José Méndez M. Reineria Díaz Victoria Jato Isabel Iglesias 《Aerobiologia》1998,14(2-3):269-276
This is the first data from a pollen survey in Vigo, an Atlantic city in northwest Spain. The pollen calendar for Vigo is
presented, as well as the pollination period for the nine most important allergenic plants. Through 1995, 30 083 pollen grains
belonging to 52 taxa, were recorded using the Lanzoni VPPS 2000 volumetric spore-trap. The most relevant taxa found were:
Urticaceae,Pinus, Poaceae andQuercus (75% of the total pollen),Betula, Castanea, Cupressaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ericaceae, Myrtaceae,Olea, Plantago, Platanus andRumex (21%), and the final 4% was distributed mainly among pollen types, such as:Corylus, Alnus, Fabaceae, Compositae,Artemisia andCedrus. Of the total annual pollen count, 56% was found in March and April. Another, secondary peak was recorded in June corresponding
to the flowering period of herbaceous species. The high pollen total of Urticaceae (7625 grains, 25% of the total) should
be highlighted. The percentages ofOlea europaea (565 grains) should be noted as well, taking into account its geographical distribution. 相似文献
10.
Vigo is a city located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Influenced by the Atlantic climate, it is surrounded by
a Eurosiberian-type vegetation, modified by the introduction of forestry and ornamental species. Different ruderal vegetation
types, resulting from human influence, grow in the area. The study of the pollen content of the air of Vigo started in 1989,
with a Cour trap. Average results for the period 1989–1995 are presented in this paper, together with the lowest and highest
values found. The representativeness of the mean values is analysed by calculating the coefficient of variation of the data
series. Most pollen types in the atmosphere of Vigo are from tree species (54.2%); an important proportion comes from herb
species (43.9%) and very few (1.8%) correspond to shrub species. A total of 73 different pollen types have been identified.
The most abundant, listed in decreasing order of mean annual values for the period, are:Pinus (25.1%), Poaceae (21.1%), Urticaceae (14.6%),Quercus (8.5%),Castanea (3.7%),Betula (3.6%),Eucalyptus (3.4%),Plantago (3.2%),Alnus (2.1%), Cupressaceae (2.1%), Oleaceae (1.6%;Olea 1.3%),Platanus (1.3%),Rumex (1.3%), Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (1.0%), Ericaceae (0.8%), Asteraceae (0.6%;Artemisia 0.1% andTaraxacum type 0.2%) andMercurialis (0.5%). A pollen calendar showing the annual dynamics of all these pollen types is presented in this paper. A parallel study
of the clinical importance of respiratory allergies in Vigo was also conducted. From a sample of 2750 patients, 87.2% suffered
from rhinoconjunctivitis, 26.0% of these due to pollen, and 78.3% from asthma, 17.2% due to pollen. The pollen types responsible
for these allergies, listed in decreasing order, are: Poaceae (78%),Parietaria (12%),Chenopodium (11%),Plantago (9%), Oak (4%),Artemisia (3%),Pinus (3%),Eucalyptus (3%),Olea (2%),Platanus (2%),Castanea (2%),Taraxacum (2%),Rumex (2%),Betula (1%),Cupressus (1%) andMercurialis (1%). 相似文献
11.
A universal method for the complete assessment of atmospheric fungal spores does not exist, which is continuous, volumetric
and non-selective, and offers at the same time reliable identification of the collected spores. To perform a survey of airborne
fungal spores, a choice has to be made between a viable and non-viable method. For the study carried out in Leiden, the non-viable,
continuous volumetric method has been employed, showing the results over a period of 10 years, for 10 microscopically identifiable
fungal spore types. Of this selection,Cladosporium spores have by far the highest airborne quantities, with an average annual total of the daily averages of over 700 000.Botrytis, Ustilago andAlternaria follow with much lower spore concentrations of between 20 000 and 30 000 as annual totals. The spore types ofEpicoccum, Erysiphe, Entomophthora, Torula, Stemphylium, andPolythrincium are represented with annual sums lower than 10 000. A spore calendar shows the overall seasonal appearance of the 10 selected
types. 相似文献
12.
Ten types of microscopically identifiable airborne fungal spores at Leiden,The Netherlands 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
A universal method for the complete assessment of atmospheric fungal spores does not exist, which is continuous, volumetric and non-selective, and offers at the same time reliable identification of the collected spores. To perform a survey of airborne fungal spores, a choice has to be made between a viable and non-viable method. For the study carried out in Leiden, the non-viable, continuous volumetric method has been employed, showing the results over a period of 10 years, for 10 microscopically identifiable fungal spore types. Of this selection,Cladosporium spores have by far the highest airborne quantities, with an average annual total of the daily averages of over 700 000.Botrytis, Ustilago andAlternaria follow with much lower spore concentrations of between 20 000 and 30 000 as annual totals. The spore types ofEpicoccum, Erysiphe, Entomophthora, Torula, Stemphylium, andPolythrincium are represented with annual sums lower than 10 000. A spore calendar shows the overall seasonal appearance of the 10 selected types. 相似文献
13.
Research laboratories, part of international aerobiological networks are often using different collection media on their exposed tape (or slides). However, their relative pollen capture efficiency has rarely been tested. A single Hirst-trap was used, in Bologna, in February and March 1993, for this experiment. Melinex tapes were divided longitudinally in two equal parts, so that two different media could be tested simultaneously. The tested media were: gelatine/glycerine, hexane/vaseline, silicone/carbon tetrachloride, and paraffin. Each comparisons were repeated on 4 different days. At the time of the sampling, the dominant airborne particles were Cupressaceae andCladosporium. The differences between the different media were non-significant (meanF of different days of 1.720, mean probability of 0.241 (min. of 0.077, max. of 0.356)). The highest probabilities of a significative difference all involved glycerine/gelatine either in comparison with paraffin (0.76), with silicone (0.75), or with vaseline (0.75), while the lowest was for the couple silicone-vaseline (0.59). In general, even if these differences were non-significant, gelatine underestimated spore counts in comparison to silicone, but overestimated them if compared to vaseline or paraffin. However, vaseline looked more efficient then silicone for spore capture. For pollen counts, the same ratios were found, except for the couple silicone-gelatine, which has given similar results. The lowest differences were found withAlternaria andDreschlera, while the highest were found withCladosporium andEpicoccum. The relationship between spore diameter and differences between media was highly significant (τ=?0.786,P=0.027). This was not the case for pollen, withPopulus andAlnus giving the highest differences, andBetula andUlmus the lowest (τ=0.048,P=0.873). 相似文献
14.
Continuous pollen monitoring of an urban network consisting of three stations has been undertaken for a period of 2 years
in Perugia, central Italy. The aim has been to establish whether the Perugia pollen trap, active since 1983, is still representative
of the area following recent urbanisation. Quantitative differences were found between the stations, reflecting different
vegetational areas, but only slight differences were detected in relation to the timing of the principal period of pollination.
Therefore, although individual pollen traps are necessary to characterize fully the different areas, one trap is sufficient
to determine the key allergenic thresholds in the studied area. 相似文献
15.
Continuous pollen monitoring of an urban network consisting of three stations has been undertaken for a period of 2 years in Perugia, central Italy. The aim has been to establish whether the Perugia pollen trap, active since 1983, is still representative of the area following recent urbanisation. Quantitative differences were found between the stations, reflecting different vegetational areas, but only slight differences were detected in relation to the timing of the principal period of pollination. Therefore, although individual pollen traps are necessary to characterize fully the different areas, one trap is sufficient to determine the key allergenic thresholds in the studied area. 相似文献
16.
The atmospheric pollen of Madras city was surveyed during a 1-year period (January–December 1995) with a vertical cylinder
trap. A total of 32 pollen types were identified, among which nine were present throughout the year. These belonged to Poaceae,Casuarina equisetifolia Foster and Foster f.,Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC.,Acalypha indica L.,Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cyperaceae,Cocos nucifera L., Amaranthaceae, andTypha angustata Borry and Chaub. Among the identified pollen, 61.05% belonged to trees, 21.01% to grasses, 11.65% to herbs and 6.27% to shrubs.
Anemophilous pollen contributed about 52.87% to the total while entomophilous and amphiphilous pollen contributed 38.89 and
8.22%, respectively. Pollen belonging to Poaceae were found to be most predominant in the air of Madras city followed byCasuarina equisetifolia andProsopis juliflora. 相似文献
17.
Jyotshna Mandal Pampa Chakraborty Indrani Roy Soma Chatterjee Swati Gupta-Bhattacharya 《Aerobiologia》2008,24(3):151-164
The role of pollen grains as a causative agent of respiratory allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis is common
and very well established. The aim of this study was to assess the frequencies of airborne pollen in the Calcutta metropolis
and to identify the taxa which cause significant amounts of sensitization. An aeropalynological survey of the atmosphere of
Calcutta was carried out from 2004 to 2006. Skin tests were performed with a panel of the most common pollen types on local
patients with clinical features of pollinosis. The meteorological factors responsible for the frequency of the pollen types
were analysed. The results of monthly visits to the clinic by these patients were correlated with the monthly pollen counts
of three dominant and perennial pollen taxa. The dominant pollen types were Trema (19%), Poaceae (12.98%), Casuarina (5.76%), Cocos (5.7%), Azadirachta (4.65%), Peltophorum (3.71%), Cyperaceae (3.68%), Delonix (3.18%) and Areca (2.56%). Total pollen concentration seems to have a significant positive correlation with temperature and wind speed whereas
there was a negative correlation with humidity. Skin tests were most frequently found to be positive with the pollen of Poaceae
(49%), Azadirachta (46%), Cocos (47%), Cyperaceae (35%), Peltophorum (33%), Areca (29%), Phoenix (26%), and Borassus (23%). A positive correlation occurred between visits to the clinic and monthly pollen count of Areca, Cocos, and Poaceae. This is the first study to design a pollen calendar for Calcutta city; it will provide useful data for enabling
allergologists to achieve accurate diagnosis for patients with pollen hypersensitivity. 相似文献
18.
Giovanni Nieddu Innocenza Chessa Annalisa Canu Grazia Pellizzaro Costantino Sirca Giuseppe Vargiu 《Aerobiologia》1997,13(4):235-242
In this study the seasonal and daily variations in olive airborne pollen concentrations were measured in the atmosphere of
Sassari (Italy) and the olive pollen emission was monitored in the countryside during the flowering period in 1995 and 1996,
in order to detect the patterns of change in the atmosphere. The intensity and the timing of pollination was also studied
in relation to phenological stages occurrence. In addition, the influence of the main meteorological parameters on pollen
emission and airborne pollen dispersal in the city was assessed. Airborne pollen reached its highest concentration a few days
before the peak of pollen emission in 1995 but several days after it in 1996 (6 days). Analysis of hourly concentrations shows
that the maximum emission and dispersion recorded during the observation period occurred in the middle of the day. Significant
regressions were found between hourly temperature and air humidity values and hourly pollen concentrations recorded in the
olive grove for almost every day studied, indicating a negative correlation between humidity and pollen concentration and
a positive correlation between pollen concentration and temperature. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed
between the meteorological parameters and pollen concentration recorded in the urban area. 相似文献
19.
The use of the pheno-climatic model for forecasting the pollination of some arboreal taxa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Air temperature is one of the most frequent parameters for the application of pheno-climatic models which can give information
for the forecasting of the beginning of pollination of various species. For the present study 12 years of aerobiological monitoring
data concerning the pollination of hazel, alder, elm, poplar, and willow have been employed to forecast the beginning of their
pollination assuming that the beginning of pollination of one species corresponds to a specific moment of phenological development
for another species with later pollination. The difference expressed in days between the pollination of two winter taxa with
successive flowering is very variable. If this interval is expressed in terms of heat (summation of mean daily temperature
above a certain threshold) the differences are smaller. The delay between the pollination of alder and elm varies between
3 and 21 days depending on the climatic trend, but during this period elm on average accumulates 26 degree-days (base temperature
4°C) with a lesser variability. In this way we can begin to calculate the heat requirement for elm from the beginning of alder
flowering. This application can be used for other couples obtaining statistical values which are more significant than those
obtained with the phenological model, with the exception of willow. The results indicate that for the majority of the species
with winter flowering there is a linear relation between the flowering dates and air temperature. 相似文献
20.
In this paper Cupressaceae pollen season onset, severity, maximum value and maximum value date, have been studied for 15 consecutive
years (1982–1996). The data set was obtained using a Hirst spore-trap (Burkard Manufacturing). In order to determine the influence
of the previous months’ meteorological variables on Cupressaceae season’s parameters, the sums of maximum, average and minimum
temperatures, and total rainfall for the months of October, November and December were used as independent variables in predictive
formulae built by multiple regression analyses. The variance explained percentage by regression analyses varied between 60
and 87%. Total rainfall in the months prior to anthesis and temperature (particularly minimum temperature) are important factors
to consider in forecasting models of Cupressaceae pollen season parameters, but meteorological conditions at the time of pollen
production are also important and can modify the pre-established potential of pollination. 相似文献