微波热凝治疗变应性鼻炎的临床应用研究及治疗机制探讨

目的:研究微波热凝治疗变应性鼻炎的临床意义。方法:将6 3例变应性鼻炎随机分为两组,观察组31例施以微波凝固筛前神经鼻外侧支治疗,对照组32例施以抗组胺药物治疗。结果:两组近期和远期有效率分别是93.5 %、81.5 %和5 3.1%、4 5 .4 %。两组间疗效有显著差异(p <0 .0 1)。结论:微波热凝治疗变应性鼻炎是一种安全有效经济实用的方法,具有临床使用价值。     

Experimental study of a novel formulation for local application based on gentamicin, erythromycin and protease C

A novel formulation for local application based on an enzyme of microbial origin, C protease, and two antibiotics, gentamicin and erythromycin, was studied on various experimental models in rats with respect to its effect on necrotic tissues and recovery of the skin and hypodermic tissue defects due to wounds. It was found that even within the first days of the application the formulation induced lysis of the primary crust, lowered exudation and promoted debridement, reduced the wound size and completely closed it. By its effect the formulation was similar to iruxol. In chronic experiments on animals with long-term application of the formulation to the skin and wound surfaces it showed no unfavourable general toxic or organotropic properties. The local irritating action was insignificant.     

Automated methods for accurate determination of the critical velocity of packed bed chromatography

Knowing the critical velocity (ucrit) of a chromatography column is an important part of process development as it allows the optimization of chromatographic flow conditions. The conventional flow step method for determining ucrit is prone to error as it depends heavily on human judgment. In this study, two automated methods for determining ucrit have been developed: the automatic flow step (AFS) method and the automatic pressure step (APS) method. In the AFS method, the column pressure drop is monitored upon application of automated incremental increases in flow velocity, whereas in the APS method the flow velocity is monitored upon application of automated incremental increases in pressure drop. The APS method emerged as the one with the higher levels of accuracy, efficiency and ease of application having the greater potential to assist defining the best operational parameters of a chromatography column.     

Molecular mechanisms of activation in CDK2

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are enzymes involved in crucial cellular processes. Their biological activity is directly linked to their high conformational variability, which involves large protein conformational rearrangements. We present here the application of an enhancing sampling technique to the study of conformational transitions between the open and closed state of CDKs. The analysis of the conformational intermediates supports the idea that the process is regulated by two important protein regions, which sequentially rearrange in order to allow the protein to reach its final conformation. Furthermore, the two paths involve additional (minor) protein rearrangements which are specific to the paths. Our results show that our procedure can provide reasonable transition pathways between the two protein forms at a very reduced computational cost. The robustness and the simplicity of our approach make it of general application to describe virtually any macromolecular conformational transitions.     

Iron,zinc and manganese nutrition of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) on a gypsum amended sodic soil

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three levels of Fe and two levels of Zn, and their combinations, on the growth, yield and Fe, Zn, and Mn nutrition of rice on a zinc deficient sodic soil amended with gypsum. Iron and zinc were supplied as sulphates. Application of Zn significantly enhanced the yield of rice and available soil and plant Zn irrespective of Fe application. Maximum response of rice to Zn was obtained when Fe was applied at the highest rate. While Fe application brought about a significant improvement in available soil and plant Fe and Mn, it decreased significantly Zn content of the crop. After crop harvest, recovery of added Fe was 20% and Zn 12%. Results suggest that benefits of Fe application to rice in sodic soils can only be realised if it is applied along with Zn.     

施氮水平对两种水稻产量影响的动态模拟及施肥优化分析

借助水稻生长模型ORYZA-0和氮肥管理模块,通过田间和水槽的水稻氮肥试验,对水稻模型和N素动态模块进行了验证。结果表明,模型模拟的不同N素水平水稻生物量、产量同实际测定值明显呈正相关。其中,氮肥用量160kg·hm^-2为最佳经济施氮量,通过获得的水稻参数和氮肥应用曲线模拟的氮肥运筹结果表明：1)在低N(N<100kg·hm^-2)水平下,氮肥应在移栽后35d内全部施入;2)当施氮量为100～200kg·hm^-2时,N应在移栽后45d内全部施入;3)当施氮量N>200kg·hm^-2时,氮肥应在移栽后60d内全部施入;4)随着施氮量的增加,后期施肥比重可略为增加。总体来看,模型不仅能较准确地模拟水稻生长动态,而且可以模拟水稻N吸收和积累的行为动态,从大田晚稻的氮肥运筹模拟结果可看出,氮肥应用次数越多,越接近施氮应用积累曲线的连续施氮产量模拟值(6199kg·hm^-2),但是在实际生产中这会增加农民的用工量和生产成本,难以让农民接受。因而在生产实际中既能让生产者接受,又不致较多地影响产量和收入,在160kg·hm^-2(纯N)施用量下的最佳施肥方案为N素化肥分4次按0．2：0．3：0．3：0．2的比例,分别于移栽后5、20、30和40d施入,可获得5916kg·hm^-2的产量。     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇及南美斑潜蝇种群增长的影响

在恒温条件下观察了美洲斑潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇实验种群的发育、存活及繁殖情况,拟合了两种斑潜蝇发育速率与温度之间的关系模型,求出了各发育阶段的发育起点温度及有效积温,组建了不同温度下两种斑潜蝇实验种群的生殖力表,计算了主要的生命表参数.结果表明,温度对两种斑潜蝇的发育、存活、繁殖均有显著的影响,且两种斑潜蝇对温度的适应特性有着明显差异.美洲斑潜蝇适应的温度范围较广,相对较高的温度有利于种群的发育、生存及繁殖;而南美斑潜蝇适应的温度范围相对较窄,且适温范围明显偏低,高温不利于种群的增长;在各自的适温条件下,两种斑潜蝇都有很强的种群增殖能力.     

Effect of chloroquine wash-out period of photosensitizers in the skin and selected organs in rats

In the last decade, photodynamic therapy has become an alternative method for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors. In human medicine hematoporphyrin derivatives, sulfonated hydrophilic meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPS4) and an oligomer of hematoporphyrin (Photosan 3), are widely used. Chloroquine is used for the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda for its power to release porphyrins from the liver tissue. The kinetics of two porphyrin photosensitizers TPPS4 and Photosan 3 in the skin and some organs as well as the effect of chloroquine on the porphyrin excretion and their accumulation in skin and organs of Wistar rats were studied. TPPS4 exhibited maximum fluorescence in skin 48 h after application with decreasing to basal level from the 8th to the 14th day. Maximum fluorescence was reached at 72 hours after Photosan 3 application and it decreased to basal level during 96 hours after application. TPPS4 caused significantly higher fluorescence compared to Photosan 3. Chloroquine after oral administration did not change the fluorescence of skin, but it significantly decreased the TPPS4 concentration in rat organs if chloroquine treatment started 3 days or 2 weeks after TPPS4 application. Chloroquine significantly decreased the serum TPPS4 concentration during the period of 28 days. Fluorescence of skin was significantly higher and lasted longer after application of TPPS4 compared to Photosan 3. Chloroquine after oral administration did not influence the fluorescence of the skin, but it significantly decreased the TPPS4 concentration in rat organs. This effect could be useful in photodynamic therapy for mobilizing exogenous porphyrins from tissues after parenteral photodynamic therapy.     

Effects of selected insecticides on adults of two parasitoid species of Liriomyza trifolii: Ganaspidium nigrimanus (Figitidae) and Neochrysocharis formosa (Eulophidae)

Abstract Liriomyza trifolii is an important pest of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world. This pest is attacked by many parasitoid species. The principal management tactic used against L. trifolii is insecticide application. Insecticides vary in their effects on parasitoid species and insecticides that have less harmful effects should be preferred for the control of this pest. In this study, novaluron, abamectin, λ‐cyhalothrin and spinetoram were investigated for their lethal effects on adults of Neochrysocharis formosa and Ganaspidium nigrimanus, two important parasitoids of L. trifolii. Three different bioassays were used on adult parasitoids: direct insecticide application, insecticide intake and insecticide residue. Adult parasitoid response to novaluron exhibited the least lethal effects among the bioassays and insecticides tested. Abamectin had significant mortality to both parasitoid species in the direct application and insecticide intake bioassays and mortality were high for G. nigrimanus in the residue bioassay. Spinetoram was the most harmful insecticide to the adult parasitoids in all three bioassays. λ‐cyhalothrin effects varied between the two parasitoids. In the direct application, it was harmful to G. nigrimanus and had no effect on N. formosa. In the insecticide intake bioassay λ‐cyhalothrin had no effect in survival of either species, and in the residue bioassay it reduced parasitoid survival of both species. Potential tolerance of N. formosa to λ‐cyhalothrin is discussed.     

利用功能反应模型评价球孢白僵菌对东亚小花蝽捕食二斑叶螨的影响

[目的]天敌昆虫和生防菌剂的应用都是害虫生物防治的有效手段,在生产中通过两者联合进行害虫的生物防治具有极强的应用前景和潜在的防控增效作用,然而生防菌对天敌的安全性评价是必不可少的.本研究旨在评估球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri联合应用进行害虫生物防治的可行性.[方法]...     

Synergistic effect of coronatine and sorbitol on artemisinin production in cell suspension culture of Artemisia annua L. cv. Anamed

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Artemisinin is an efficient anti-malarial drug and it possesses biological activity against a wide range of cancers. The combined application of two...     

2BAD: an application to estimate the parental contributions during two independent admixture events

Several approaches have been developed to calculate the relative contributions of parental populations in single admixture event scenarios, including Bayesian methods. In many breeds and populations, it may be more realistic to consider multiple admixture events. However, no approach has been developed to date to estimate admixture in such cases. This report describes a program application, 2BAD (for 2-event Bayesian ADmixture), which allows the consideration of up to two independent admixture events involving two or three parental populations and a single admixed population, depending on the number of populations sampled. For each of these models, it is possible to estimate several parameters (admixture, effective sizes, etc.) using an approximate Bayesian computation approach. In addition, the program allows comparing pairs of admixture models, determining which is the most likely given data. The application was tested through simulations and was found to provide good estimates for the contribution of the populations at the two admixture events. We were also able to determine whether an admixture model was more likely than a simple split model.     

Reversal of IAA-induced inhibition of flowering by aminoethoxyvinylglycine inChenopodium

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied as a droplet (3 μl, 0.1 mM) to the plumule of seedlings of both the short-day plantChenopodium rubrum and the long-day plantChenopodium murale counteracted to a great extent or even canceled the inhibition of flowering due to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This effect was more pronounced with the two substances administered simultaneously than with later application of AVG alone. AVG by itself in some cases promoted the percentage of flowering in bothChenopodium species. Application of IAA to the shoot apex was shown to elevate ethylene production in both species, whereas application of AVG alone was shown to suppress it. Thus, ethylene may be considered an active agent of flowering inhibition brought about by IAA application.     

An application of dynamic homology to morphological characters: direct optimization of setae sequences and phylogeny of the family Odontellidae (Poduromorpha, Collembola)

The concept of character and the definition of the attribute are two major theoretical issues of phylogenetics. Lately, great progress has been made in the conceptual development of attributes as historical individuals undergoing series of transformations. While operational application of this ideographic concept of character has been possible since the publication of the direct optimization algorithm and POY software, it has been restricted to molecular characters only. The present paper proposes the first application of direct optimization to morphological characters, in the case study of the phylogeny of Odontellidae. This new homology regime is compared to the traditional homology scheme. The theoretical and operational limitations of the application of direct optimization to morphological characters are discussed. Some thoughts on the basics of its generalization to all morphological characters analyzed in a dynamic homology phylogenetic framework are given.
© The Willi Hennig Society 2009;.     

森林种群径阶转移模型中转移概率的估算方法

基于统计分析理论和微分方程理论,给出了森林种群径阶转移模型中估算转移概率的方法：第一种是在有两次样地观测数据,不考虑林分环境因子等因素的条件下估算转移概率;第二种是在已知林分环境因子条件下,不需要对样地有两次观测数据来估算转移概率.实例验证结果表明,两种估算转移概率的方法具有计算简单和实用性强的特点,对森林经营与管理有一定的理论指导和实际应用价值.     

生态遗传学在生物多样性保护中的作用

本文就生态遗传学在生物多样性保护中的作用问题谈了几点看法。首先陈述了生态遗传学的性质,它是种群生态学和种群遗传学的结合,研究种群层次上正在进行着的进化;其次列举了生态遗传学的基本内容,说明生态遗传学是生物多样性研究和保护不可缺少的基本知识。最后举两个实例阐明生态遗传学在生物多样性保护中的具体应用。     

森林种群径阶转移模型中转移概率的估算方法

基于统计分析理论和微分方程理论,给出了森林种群径阶转移模型中估算转移概率的方法：第一种是在有两次样地观测数据,不考虑林分环境因子等因素的条件下估算转移概率;第二种是在已知林分环境因子条件下,不需要对样地有两次观测数据来估算转移概率．实例验证结果表明,两种估算转移概率的方法具有计算简单和实用性强的特点,对森林经营与管理有一定的理论指导和实际应用价值．     

Application of DNA-DNA hybridization of dual labeled probes to the detection of trisomy 21, monosomy 21, and sex determination.

Chromosomal aneuploidy is usually identified by cytogenetic methods. However, for some purposes it would be desirable to have an easier method of recognizing specific trisomies or monosomies. We have devised such an assay. It involves the simultaneous hybridization of two chromosome-specific DNA probes labeled with different isotopes (32P and 35S) to human chromosomal DNA immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter. The hybridization signals are then counted, and the dpm ratios between the two isotopes are determined. In this paper we show the application of this technique in sex determination, in the analysis of two human cell lines reported to have chromosome 21 monosomy, and, especially, in testing for Down syndrome.     

New modification of the technic for preserving human brain preparations

The modification suggested is a combination of two methods--one with formalin application, another--without formalin application. At first, 5% solution of formalin is injected into the brain arterial bed, then it is injected with an artificial neoprene resine--latex. The preparation is put into a preserving liquid containing no formalin (a mixture of glycerin--45%, acetous potassium--10%, water--45%) for 1.5--2 months.     

Effect of benzyladenine on development of derooted watermelon seedlings

We have examined the effects of benzyladenine (BA) on derooted watermelon ( Citrullus vulgaris Schrad., cv. Fairfax) seedlings with special attention to the cotyledons. The growth regulator was supplied either as a droplet of solution between the cotyledons (application from above) or through the hypocotyl stump (application from below). Application of BA from above stimulates several developmental parameters of cotyledons [growth, lipid breakdown, chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation, hydroxypyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.81.) activity]. The stimulation is much smaller with application from below. Also the distribution of labelled BA changes according to the method of application. The bulk of the label remains in the cotyledons when BA is supplied from above and in the hypocotyl when it is supplied from below. The absolute amount of radioactivity found in the cotyledons after 24 h of treatment is approximately the same in both cases. This seems to indicate that the different effects of the two treatments depend on concentration ratios of BA (or metabolic derivates) between hypocotyl and cotyledons rather than on absolute growth regulator levels.