中国银莲花属新分类-2021年增刊

该文对中国毛茛科银莲花属(Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ Ｌ.)进行了分类学研究，共收载８６ 种，可将这些种划分为１０ 组:其中５ 组，即草玉梅组、西南银莲花组、钝裂银莲花组、短柱银莲花组和直果银莲花组均是该属具中等演 化水平的分类群；另外５ 组，即银莲花组、鹅掌草组、卵叶银莲花组、二岐银莲花组和打破碗花花组则均是具 高度演化水平的分类群。 在这１０ 组中，钝裂银莲花组与银莲花组有相近的亲缘关系，短柱银莲花组与鹅掌 草组有相近的亲缘关系，而其余６ 组之间的亲缘关系情况，目前尚未了解。 该文写出了区别所有属下分类 群的检索表、所有分类群的文献引证和地理分布，并对每一种均指出了研究的重要标本，对多数种均提供插 图。 描述了２ 新组(短柱银莲花组和直果银莲花组)、４ 新系(鹅掌草组的鹤峰银莲花系和加查银莲花系，以 及直果银莲花组的兴义银莲花系和直果银莲花系)、１３ 新种(九龙银莲花、柏枝山银莲花、狭萼银莲花、道孚 银莲花、泸定银莲花、波密银莲花、嘎隆拉山银莲花、三小叶银莲花、折多山银莲花、宝兴银莲花、贡嘎银莲 花、福贡银莲花和盘蕊银莲花)、１ 新亚种(长柄钝裂银莲花)以及４ 新变种(紫萼折多山银莲花、矮展毛银莲 花、疏毛川西银莲花和泸水银莲花)。 此外，还将变种条叶银莲花提升为种级分类群；将涪陵银莲花降级作 为川西银莲花的一个变种；由于Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ ｒｕｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｈｏｏｋ. ｆ. ＆ Ｔｈｏｍｓ. 为一不合法的晚出异物同名，遂拟出一 新名(Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ ｎｅｏｒｕｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｗ. Ｔ. Ｗａｎｇ)；小花草玉梅在过去多年间被处理为草玉梅的一个变种，在该文中其 原来种级群的地位得到恢复；１９３９ 年，Ｈ. Ｈａｎｄｅｌ￣Ｍａｚｚｅｔｔｉ 将变种云南银莲花归并于展毛银莲花，将稀果银莲 花归并于滇川银莲花，对此二归并，该文赞同并采用。     

涪陵银莲花(毛茛科)的名实订正

通过标本检查,发现毛茛科涪陵银莲花(Anemone fulingensis W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Liu)与川西银莲花(A. prattii Huth ex Ulbr.)属于同一种植物,故将前者处理为后者的异名。揭示川西银莲花的花粉具6~10 带沟。澄清了川西银莲花的地理分布,讨论了与其近缘种滇川银莲花(A. delavayi Franch.)的形态区别。     

西藏银莲花属三新种

描述了自西藏发现的毛茛科银莲花属三新种,墨脱银莲花Anemone motuoensis,短蕊银莲花A．brachystema和加查银莲花A．fiachaensis,并给出其等与近缘种的区别特征或其等的独特特征。     

中国银莲花属新分类

该文对中国毛茛科银莲花属(Anemone L.)进行了分类学研究,共收载86种,可将这些种划分为10组:其中5组,即草玉梅组、西南银莲花组、钝裂银莲花组、短柱银莲花组和直果银莲花组均是该属具中等演化水平的分类群;另外5组,即银莲花组、鹅掌草组、卵叶银莲花组、二岐银莲花组和打破碗花花组则均是具高度演化水平的分类群.在这1...     

华西南银莲花属研究随记（英文）

在本文中将短柱银莲花(于2004年被归并于毛果银莲花)、凉山银莲花和鲁甸银莲花(二种于2001年被降级作为匙叶银莲花的二变种)的种级地位予以恢复;描述了自我国西南部发现的银莲花属2新变种(直柱凉山银莲花和宽叶湿地银莲花),并给出其等的特征纪要。     

银莲花属一新组和一新种

本文描述了中国河北省小五台山的毛茛科Ranunculaceae银莲花属Anemone一新组--小五台银莲花组sect. Leptothece W. T. Wang &; Bing Liu及其一新种--小五台银莲花A. xiaowutaishanica W. T. Wang &; Bing Liu, 并绘出墨线图。此新组与钝裂银莲花组sect. Himalayicae同具以下形态特征: 垂直的根状茎, 丛生的基生叶, 具1花的聚伞花序, 条形花丝, 具三沟的花粉粒, 具小刺的覆盖层, 钻形花柱, 而与后者相近缘; 但其总苞苞片分裂程度较大, 3深裂或3全裂, 每花只有3枚心皮, 子房强烈两侧扁压, 而与后者相区别; 同时, 根据上述进化特征可见新组比钝裂银莲花组演化水平高, 可能自后者分化而出。小五台银莲花的分布区很小, 只分布在河北小五台山的山涧口附近的一山谷中, 显然是一狭域分布种; 此外, 再根据其上述进化形态特征, 推测其可能是一新特有种。     

小五台银莲花(毛茛科)的名实订正(英文)

通过标本检查,发现小五台银莲花(Anemone xiaowutaishanica W.T.WangBing Liu)与银莲花(A.cathayensis Kitag.ex ZimanKadota)属于同一种植物,故将前者处理为后者的异名。由于银莲花属于银莲花亚组[subsection Omalocarpus(DC.)Tamura],故同时将根据小五台银莲花而建立的小五台银莲花组(section Leptothece W.T.WangBing Liu)处理为银莲花亚组的异名。     

云南银莲花属一新组和一新种

该文描述了自云南西北部发现的毛茛科银莲花属一新组,即维西银莲花组(sect. Deinostigma)和一新种,即维西银莲花(Anemone weixiensis)。此组与卵叶银莲花组有亲缘关系,与后者的区别在于其心皮较少(约11枚),子房被短柔毛,柱头明显,呈椭圆体形,瘦果被短柔毛,不扁,无肋,顶端具椭圆体形宿存柱头。     

福贡银莲花(毛茛科)与光叶银莲花属于同一分类实体

通过标本检查,发现福贡银莲花(Anemone yulongshanica W.T.Wang var.glabrescens W.T.Wang)(毛茛科)与光叶银莲花(A.obtusiloba D.Don ssp.leiophylla W.T.Wang)没有本质区别,应属于同一分类实体,故将前者处理为后者的异名。     

加查银莲花(毛茛科)的名实订正

通过标本检查, 发现毛茛科加查银莲花(Anemone jiachaensis W. T. Wang)与西藏银莲花(A. tibetica W. T. Wang)属于同一种植物, 故将前者处理为后者的异名。加查银莲花发表时被置于鹅掌草组[A. sect. Stolonifera (Ulbr.) Juz.], 但其花粉为三沟而非多沟, 与岩生银莲花亚组[A. subsect. Rupicolae (Tamura ex Chaudhary & Trifonova) Starod.]的岩生银莲花(A. rupicola Camb.)(西藏银莲花亦属于该亚组)的花粉类型一致, 而与鹅掌草组植物的多沟花粉明显不同, 从而进一步表明加查银莲花与西藏银莲花确为同一种植物而且应为岩生银莲花亚组的成员。     

Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera. IX. Newly recorded species from Japan (4)

Pseudocercospora cyatheae C. Nakash. & S. Inaba on Cyathea sp. as a new species is described. Three species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan. They are Cercospora armoraciae on Armoracia rusticana, Passalora passaloroides on Amorpha fruticosa, and Pseudocercospora nogalesii on Cytisus scoparius.     

Phylogenetic relationships among Puccinia hemerocallidis, P. funkiae, and P. patriniae (Uredinales) inferred from ITS sequence data

Puccinia hemerocallidis and P. funkiae resemble each other morphologically; however, they are biologically and taxonomically distinct, with telia of the former being restricted to species of Hemerocallis and the latter to Hosta species. However, both fungi share a macrocyclic and heteroecious life cycle with Patrinia villosa as the spermogonial and aecial host. An additional microcyclic rust fungus, P. patriniae, is also known on P. villosa. This microcyclic fungus is similar to the two macrocyclic fungi in its telial structure and teliospore morphology. These similarities in morphology and host relationships suggest the three fungi may also share a close evolutionary relationship. To determine the phylogenetic relationships of the three species, a portion of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat encoding the ITS and 5.8S subunit regions was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. The resulting phylogenetic trees showed that P. hemerocallidis and P. funkiae share a recent common ancestor and that P. patriniae is closely allied with P. hemerocallidis. The results suggest a possible evolutionary derivation of microcyclic P. patriniae from macrocyclic heteroecious P. hemerocallidis, which fits the evolutionary interpretation of correlated species known as Tranzschel's law.     

Phylogeographic patterns in Leccinum sect. Scabra and the status of the arctic-alpine species L. rotundifoliae

We investigated inter- and intraspecific phylogenetic relationships in the ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Leccinum section Scabra. Species of this section are exclusively associated with Betula and occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We compared the phylogenetic relationships of arctic, alpine, boreal and temperate accessions of section Scabra based on DNA sequences of the single-copy nuclear gene Gapdh and the multiple-copy nuclear region 5.8S-ITS2. Exclusively arctic lineages were not detected in species that occur both in arctic-alpine or boreal regions, except in L. rotundifoliae that was restricted to cold climates. L. scabrum and L. holopus showed an intercontinental phylogeographic pattern, and L. variicolor showed a pattern unrelated to geographical distribution. Molecular clock estimates indicated that L. rotundifoliae is as old as other species in section Scabra. Individual gene trees suggest that interspecific hybridisation occurred several times in the evolution of section Scabra.     

New fungal genera, Tectonidula gen. nov. for Calosphaeria-like fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis and Natantiella gen. nov. for three species segregated from Ceratostomella

Two morphologically similar groups of ascomycetes with globose to subglobose perithecia, elongate necks, unitunicate asci floating freely at maturity, and hyaline ascospores currently placed in Calosphaeria s. lat. and Ceratostomella s. lat., respectively, are studied. The Calosphaeria-like fungi have groups of perithecia growing between cortex and wood, arranged in circular groups with converging necks and piercing the cortex in a common point; the asci with a shallow apical ring and U- to horseshoe-shaped hyaline ascospores are compared with Calosphaeria pulchella, the type species of the genus. Conidiogenesis of the investigated Calosphaeria-like fungi is holoblastic-denticulate; ramichloridium-like and sporothrix-like conidiophores and conidia were formed in vitro. Ascospore and ascus morphology, structure of the ascal apex, ascogenous system, mode of conidiogenesis and the large subunit rRNA sequences of this group differ considerably from C. pulchella and both groups are unrelated. Thus a new genus, Tectonidula, is described with two accepted species, T. hippocrepida and T. fagi; they are separated by ascospore and ascus morphology and holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis from the core species of Calosphaeria. The placement of Tectonidula among perithecial ascomycetes is discussed. The relationship of Tectonidula with Barbatosphaeria and two ramichloridium-like hyphomycetous genera Rhodoveronaea and Myrmecridium is investigated. Three species formerly attributed to Ceratostomella are studied. The revision of the herbarium type specimen and fresh material of Ceratostomella ligneola revealed that it is conspecific with Ceratostomella ampullasca and Ceratostomella similis. The LSU phylogeny clearly separated C. ligneola from Ceratostomella s. str. and morphologically similar Lentomitella. On the basis of molecular sequence data and detailed comparison of morphology of asci, ascospores and ascogenous system the genus Natantiella is described for C. ligneola with C. ampullasca and C. similis as its synonyms. Natantiella produced sterile mycelium in vitro.     

Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov., isolated from mussels

As part of a study carried out for detecting Arcobacter spp. in shellfish, three mussel isolates that were Gram-negative slightly curved rods, non-spore forming, showed a new 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with a specific identification method for the species of this genus. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and those of the housekeeping genes rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 provided evidence that these mussel strains belonged to an unknown genetic lineage within the genus Arcobacter. The similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the representative strain (F79-6^T) and type strains of the other Arcobacter species ranged between 94.1% with A. halophilus and 99.1% with the recently proposed species A. defluvii (CECT 7697^T). DDH results between strain F79-6^T and the type strain of the latter species were below 70% (53 ± 3.0%). Phenotypic characteristics together with MALDITOF mass spectra differentiated the new mussel strains from all other Arcobacter species. All the results indicate that these strains represent a new species, for which the name Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov. with the type strain F79-6^T (=CECT 7837^T = LMG 26155^T) is proposed.     

Molecular identification of Taenia spp. in wolves (Canis lupus), brown bears (Ursus arctos) and cervids from North Europe and Alaska

Taenia tapeworms of Finnish and Swedish wolves (Canis lupus) and Finnish brown bears (Ursus arctos), and muscle cysticerci of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), Alaskan Grant's caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) and Alaskan moose (Alces americanus) were identified on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 396 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Two species were found from wolves: Taenia hydatigena and Taenia krabbei. The cysticerci of reindeer, caribou and one moose also represented T. krabbei. Most of the cysticercal specimens from Alaskan moose, however, belonged to an unknown T. krabbei-like species, which had been reported previously from Eurasian elks (Alces alces) from Finland. Strobilate stages from two bears belonged to this species as well. The present results suggest that this novel Taenia sp. has a Holarctic distribution and uses Alces spp. as intermediate and ursids as final hosts.     

Monilinia ssiori sp. nov. in the Sclerotiniaceae, causing leaf blight and young fruit rot of Prunus ssiori in Japan

The leaf blight and mummy fruit disease fungus of Prunus ssiori in northern Japan is newly named M. ssiori, as a fourth member in the M. padi group of section Disjunctoriae of the genus Monilinia (Sclerotiniaceae). It has been misidentified with Monilinia kusanoi, but recent studies show it is different from M. kusanoi as well as other related species on prunaceous hosts in respect to host relation, pathogenicity, morphology, and gene analysis.     

重庆凤仙花科植物1新记录种——太子凤仙花

该文报道重庆市1新记录种——太子凤仙花(Impatiens alpicola Y.L.Chen et Y.Q.Lu),并描述该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布,凭证标本存放于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。另编制了重庆市分布凤仙花属植物分种检索表。     

黑粉菌属一新种及中国黑粉菌补遗VI

本文描述采自河北小五台山的黑粉菌一新种,即寄生在野青茅(Deyeuxia arundinacea(L.) Beauv)上的野青茅黑粉菌(Ustilago deyeuxiae L. Guo)。此种与网优黑粉菌(Ustilago scrobiculata Liro)近似,但野青茅黑粉菌网纹明显,网眼高。并报道三种黑粉菌中国新记录。1)酢浆草黑粉菌(Ustilago oxalidis Ellis&Tracy)寄生于醉浆草(Oxalis corniculata L.),此种是我国首次在酢浆草科(Oxalidaceae)植物上发现的黑粉菌。2)网状黑粉菌(Ustilago polygoni-alati Thirum. & Pavgi)寄生于尼泊尔萝(Polygonum nepalense Meisn.),作者对此种进行了订正研究。3)臭草条黑粉菌(Urocystis melicae (Lagerheim & Liro) Zundel)寄生于细叶臭草(Melica radula Fr.)。