立氏立克次体外膜蛋白H基因片段的克隆表达与免疫原性分析

目的：克隆表达立氏立克次体（Rickettsia rickettsii）外膜蛋白H基因（ompH）片段并对其进行免疫原性分析。方法：采用PCR技术从立氏立克次体基因组中扩增ompH基因片段,将该基因片段与原核表达载体pET32a连接,构建重组原核表达质粒pET32a/ompH;将pET32a/ompH转入大肠杆菌细胞内,用IPTG诱导转化大肠杆菌表达目的基因。结果：获得长为327bp的ompH基因片段,SDS-PAGE分析发现pET32a/ompH转化菌表达了大小约27kDa蛋白,该蛋白与立氏立克次体免疫豚鼠血清及斑点热患者血清在免疫印迹分析中呈阳性反应,经该重组蛋白免疫血清中和后的立氏立克次体感染VERO活力减低。结论：pET32a/ompH转化的大肠杆菌表达了ompH基因片段,所产生的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性及保护性。     

丙型肝炎病毒ns2基因的克隆及其表达

以p90-HCV为模板,通过PCR分别得到全长和截短(2881-3078 bp)ns2基因.将截短ns2基因克隆到pET32a原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得了Trx-His-NS2C融合蛋白的可溶性高表达.通过His 树脂纯化得到融合蛋白,免疫家兔获得高效价高特异性的抗体.同时构建了含有全长ns2基因的重组腺病毒,利用该重组病毒感染HepG2和293细胞成功的表达23.2kDa的NS2蛋白.本文的研究为进一步开展NS2蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定了良好的基础.     

立氏立克次体外膜蛋白H 基因片段的克隆表达与免疫原性分析

目的:克隆表达立氏立克次体(Rickettsia rickettsii)外膜蛋白H基因(ompH)片段并对其进行免疫原性分析。方法:采用PCR技术从立氏立克次体基因组中扩增ompH基因片段,将该基因片段与原核表达载体pET32a连接,构建重组原核表达质粒pET32a/ompH;将pET32a/ompH转入大肠杆菌细胞内,用IPTG诱导转化大肠杆菌表达目的基因。结果:获得长为327bp的ompH基因片段,SDS-PAGE分析发现pET32a/ompH转化菌表达了大小约27kDa蛋白,该蛋白与立氏立克次体免疫豚鼠血清及斑点热患者血清在免疫印迹分析中呈阳性反应,经该重组蛋白免疫血清中和后的立氏立克次体感染VERO活力减低。结论:pET32a/ompH转化的大肠杆菌表达了ompH基因片段,所产生的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性及保护性。     

耐辐射奇球菌recA基因的克隆、表达及其对recA缺损大肠杆菌辐射抗性的影响

将耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)recA基因克隆到表达质粒pET15b中,并在Escherichia coli HMS中高效表达了可溶性的RecA重组蛋白。同时将recA基因通过穿梭质粒pRADZ3导入recA缺损E.coli TG2细胞中,Western印迹实验显示RecA蛋白能够在不需要诱导剂IPTG的条件下稳定表达。辐射抗性实验表明,D.radiodurans的recA基因在E.coli细胞中的表达能够完全补偿recA缺损E.coli辐射抗性能力。     

非典型性肺炎病毒S蛋白受体结合域的可溶性表达

试验目的是获得S蛋白受体结合域基因,并获得其高效表达,为SARS病毒受体的进一步研究奠定一定的基础。首先通过P（取方法获得了S蛋白起始密码和SalⅠ限制性内切酶之间包含受体结合区的片段,然后将该基因定向克隆到pET-22b原核表达载体,构建了per—22b—S1重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌并诱导目的蛋白的表达,经SDS—PAGE没有发现明显的目的蛋白带。利用载体和S1基因上的NeoⅠ酶切位点,将S1基因的信号肽序列和部分疏水序列切掉后,构建pET—22b—SNS重组质粒。pET—22b—SNS重组质粒仍然包含受体结合域序列,并且阅读框没有改变。将pET—22b—SNS转化大肠杆菌,发现明显的目的蛋白带。Westem blot结果表明表达蛋白为SARS病毒S1蛋白的一部分。     

猪瘟病毒NS2-3抗原集中区基因的原核表达及鉴定

为获得猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus, CSFV) NS2-3抗原集中区蛋白,并建立CSFV抗体快速检测方法.本研究以CSFV全长基因组质粒为模板,PCR扩增NS2-3抗原表位集中区,利用扩增片段和克隆载体,构建重组表达质粒,命名为pET32a-NS2-3-1.重组表达质粒转化Rosetta (DE3)细胞,利用IPTG诱导表达, SDS-PAGE电泳和Western-blot鉴定重组表达产物.结果表明,重组质粒pET32a-NS2-3-1在28℃诱导5 h得到高效表达,重组蛋白能够与兔抗CSFV阳性血清发生反应.获得CSFV NS2-3抗原集中区蛋白,并且获得的重组蛋白具有抗原性,能够作为CSFV抗体检测的抗原.     

丙型肝炎病毒ns2基因的克隆及其表达

以p90-HCV为模板,通过PCR分别得到全长和截短(2881-3078bp)ns2基因。将截短ns2基因克隆到pET32a原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得了Trx-His-NS2C融合蛋白的可溶性高表达。通过His树脂纯化得到融合蛋白,免疫家兔获得高效价高特异性的抗体。同时构建了含有全长ns2基因的重组腺病毒,利用该重组病毒感染HepG2和293细胞成功的表达23.2kDa的NS2蛋白。本文的研究为进一步开展NS2蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定了良好的基础。     

DNA shuffling技术提高干扰素比活性的研究

DNA shuffling技术可以定向进化干扰素,获得比rhIFN-α2b标准品更高比活的干扰素.rhIFN-α2b基因与Infergen基因用DNaseI酶切成30-50 bp小片段,回收之后进行无引物PCR 重聚和有引物PCR扩增基因.将重组基因连接到载体pUC19中,转化至DH5α并挑选阳性克隆测序.将测序正确的突变基因连接到载体pET30a中并转化至BL21（DE3）中,然后诱导蛋白表达、SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳和Western blot分析.经过表达细胞诱导、细胞裂解、包涵体变性、复性和单克隆抗体亲和层析之后,获得高纯度的重组干扰素.经测定纯化后的重组干扰素比活达到5.8×108IU/mg,比rhIFN-α2b标准品高出5倍左右.实验结果证明此实验方法对提高干扰素的比活是有效的,可以获得比标准品更高比活的干扰素.     

月季eIF－5A基因的表达增强宿主大肠杆菌对高温和低温的耐性

真核生物翻译起始因子（eIF－5A）是在调控生物生长发育、衰老与环境响应中起重要作用的蛋白质。设计eIF－5A基因的兼并引物,对月季受高温诱导的叶片cDNA进行PCR扩增,获得特异性片段回收、克隆和测序,确定该cDNA为月季eIF-5A(命名为RceIF5A),含有480bp的核苷酸,编码159个氨基酸。将该cDNA序列克隆到原核表达载体PET32a中,获得重组子pET32a－eIF5A。高温（50℃）和低温（4℃）胁迫下含有该基因的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21 (pET32a-eIF5A)比E. coli BL21 (pET32a)有明显的抗性提高,据此认为含有重组子的E. coli BL21 (pET32a-eIF5A)对高低温的抗性可能与eIF-5A基因的表达相关。该基因的GeneBank登录号为 EF177192。     

重组人FOXL2基因的原核表达和纯化研究

目的通过pET32a（＋）原核表达载体,表达重组人叉头框蛋白L2（human forkhead box12,FOXL21）。并且进行纯化和鉴定。方法从正常人血液中提取基因组DNA,利用PCR扩增FOXL21目的基因片段,构建FOXL21原核表达重组质粒[pET32a（＋）-FOXL21]并转化E．coli的BL21（DE3）菌株,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,经HisTrap FF亲和层析柱纯化,再通过SDS—PAGE和Western印迹鉴定。结果成功克隆到大小为1131bp的人源FOXL21基因片段并准确插入表达载体pET32a（＋）,0．1mmol／LIPTG诱导转化菌8h可表达大量的FOXL21蛋白,并可经HisTrap FF柱亲和层析得到高度纯化。结论成功获得纯化的66kD重组人FOXL21蛋白,为后续进行FOXL21蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

节肢动物内共生细菌研究进展

节肢动物门是动物界最大的门,占整个动物种数的80%,全世界约有120万现存种。节肢动物在生长发育过程中会感染多种微生物,这些微生物会与其形成协同进化和互利共生的关系。内共生细菌是一类广泛分布于节肢动物体内的共生微生物,能够进行垂直传播和水平传播,对宿主的生长发育、生殖代谢、适应性、免疫功能和进化等诸多方面均具有重要的作用。目前,随着现代分子生物学理论和技术的发展,节肢动物内共生细菌相关研究主要集中在对其宿主的生殖调控功能、与其宿主、宿主寄主植物以及其宿主体内微生物和宿主天敌间互作关系等方面。因此,利用内共生细菌对昆虫种群动态的生殖调控功能,阻断热带蚊虫带来的疾病或植物病害的传播并对宿主昆虫进行种群压制或种群替换,可达到防控害虫的目的。本文从节肢动物内共生细菌的传播方式、对其宿主生物学效应以及内共生细菌与其宿主、宿主寄主植物、宿主天敌和宿主体内微生物互作关系等多方面进行概述,并对内共生细菌今后研究方向进行展望,以期为生物进化、物种形成和种群压制提供参考。