圆叶疣叶苔(Horikawaella rotundifolia C.Gao et Y.J.Yi)雌株的首次发现(英文)

首次发现圆叶疣叶苔Horikawaella rotundifolia C.Gao et Y.J.Yi雌株,并对该种进行了完整描述。从雌株的特征来看,疣叶苔属在叶苔科内具有特殊的系统位置。圆叶疣叶苔为中国特有种,本次研究将其分布范围由云南扩大至四川。     

江西九连山自然保护区叶附生苔研究

九连山自然保护区位于江西省南部,是目前已知江西叶附生苔的分布南界。现有叶附生苔类植物３科、１１属和１９种（含变种）,分布于海拔４５０￣７００ｍ的常绿阔叶林内。其中,东亚细鳞苔、白边疣鳞苔、皱萼苔、喜马拉雅片鳞苔内齿瓣变种为江西新记录。尖叶薄鳞苔、尖舌扁萼苔、台湾片鳞苔和列胞疣鳞苔是九连山叶附生苔常见种。区系分析结果表明,泛热带及东亚区系成分是构成该区叶附生苔的主要成分,分别占４７．３７％和４２．１     

叶苔属Jungermannia (Hepaticae,Jungermanniaceae) 3个不合法命名的订正

本文订正了叶苔属(Jungermannia) 3个非法命名多萼叶苔(J. polycarpa Gao et Bai)、疏叶叶苔 (J. laxifolia Gao)和矮株叶苔(J. brevicaulis Gao &; Bai);其正确命名分别为多萼叶苔(Jungermannia multicarpa C. Gao et J. Sun)、疏叶叶苔(Jungermannia sparsofolia C. Gao et J. Sun)和贡山叶苔(Jungermannia gongshanensis C. Gao et J. Sun)。     

中国疣叶苔属一新记录种

疣叶苔属Ｈｏｒｉｋａｗａｅｌｌａ是隶属于苔类植物叶苔科Ｊｕｎｇｅｒｍａｎｎｉａｃｅａｅ中的一个属。该属首先由Ｈａｔｔｏｒｉ和Ａｍａｋａｗａ (1971)以疣叶苔 (Ｈｏｒｉｋａｗａｅｌｌａｓｕｂａｃｕｔａ (Ｈｅｒｚ.)Ｈａｔｔ.ｅｔＡｍａｋ .) (=ＡｎａｓｔｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｓｕｂａｃｕｔｕｍＨｅｒｚ.)为模式于 1971年创立。Ａｍａｋａｗａ和Ｈａｔｔｏｒｉ在研究尼泊尔的标本时发现了本属的另一种Ｈ ｇｒｏｓｓｅ ｖｅｒｒｕｏｓａＡｍａｋ .ｅｔＨａｔｔ.。衣艳君等 (1998)在研究中国云南地区标本时又发现报道了本属另一新种…     

中国耳叶苔科-新记录种——本州耳叶苔(Frullania usamiensis)

本文报导了辽宁省首次发现的中国耳叶苔科一新记录种即本州耳叶苔(Frullania usamiensis Steph.)。作者在研究东北耳叶苔科标本过程中,发现了本州耳叶苔,该种原仅在日本和朝鲜有报导,为我国新记录,现报导如下。     

中国耳叶苔科—新记录种：本州耳叶苔

本文报导了辽宁省首次发现的中国耳叶苔科－新记录种即本州耳叶苔。作者在研究东北耳吉苔科标本过程中,发现了本州耳叶苔,该种原仅在日本和朝鲜有报导,为我国新记录,现报导如下。     

河北省苔类植物新纪录属的研究——Ⅰ.耳叶苔属(Frullania Raddi)

在研究标本和文献的基础上,对河北省苔类植物新纪录属--耳叶苔属Frullania Raddi进行了首次报道,其中包括达乌里耳叶苔F. davurica、达乌里耳叶苔凹叶变种F. davurica var. concava、石生耳叶苔F. inflata、盔瓣耳叶苔F. muscicola、陕西耳叶苔F. schensiana、塔拉大克耳叶苔F. taradakensis、远东耳叶苔F. fauriana和筒瓣耳叶苔F. diversitexta等7种1变种。本文对它们的生境和地理分布作了初步讨论,并编制了河北省耳叶苔属植物的分种检索表。     

九龙大雾山的叶附生苔类植物

九龙大雾山已知叶附生苔类植物有5科10属12种,其中有5属6种,即双齿护蒴苔、小叶拟大萼苔、东亚指叶苔、四齿异萼苔、双齿异萼苔和台湾角鳞苔,均为我国叶附生苔类的新记录。     

异叶苣苔属地上茎的生长式样及其系统发育意义

对异叶苣苔属植物地上茎形态发生过程的观察旨在揭示该属地上茎的生长式样。该研究发现异 叶苣苔属植物地上茎的生长式样并不是以往所认为的简单顶端生长。该属植物的顶芽已完全受到抑制。其地上茎实际上是萌发于小型叶叶腋的侧芽替代顶芽生长所形成的各级侧枝系统,即合轴分枝系统。异叶苣苔属植物地上茎的不分枝情况是位于大型叶叶腋的腋芽受到抑制所致,纯粹是一种次生现象,并不是尖舌苣苔族植物原始祖先的孑遗性状。尖舌苣苔族其他属植物地上茎的生长式样并不均是从异叶苣苔属植物的生长式样演化而来。出蕊苣苔属和异叶苣苔属植物地上茎的生长式样可能来自同一个不太远的祖先,但已经向着不同的方向演化。独叶苣苔属植物复杂的圆锥状对花聚伞花序并非从异叶苣苔属地上茎上部,即生殖生长部分退化而来,乃幼态成熟的复化过程所致。尖舌苣苔属的总状花序可能更接近尖舌苣苔族的原始祖先类型。     

中国剪叶苔属一新种

亚圆叶剪叶苔　新种　图1ＨｅｒｂｅｒｔｕｓｓｕｂｒｏｔｕｎｄａｔｕｓＦｕｅｔＹｉ,ｓｐ.ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＨ.ｈｅｒｐｏｃｌａｄｉｏｉｄｉＳｃｏｔｔｅｔＭｉｌｌｅｒａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｔｆｏｌｉｉｓｏｖａｔｉｓ,ａｐｉｃｅａｄ1/2ｂｉｆｉｄｉｓ,ｌｏｂｕｌｉｓａｎｇｕｓｔｅｏｖａｔｏｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｂｕｓ,ｖｉｔｔａｉｎｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔａ.Ｐｌａｎｔａｍｉｎｏｒ,ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓａ,ｂｒｕｎｎｅａｖｅｌｆｕｓｃｏｂｒｕｎｎｅａ.Ｃａｕｌｉｓｓｕｂｅｒｅｃｔｕｓ,ａｄ1～2ｃｍｌ…     

叉梗茅膏菜的订正

根据对国内外标本的研究,认为叉梗茅膏菜不能成立,将其归入圆叶茅膏菜。     

Population genetic structure of the medicinal plant Vitex rotundifolia in China: implications for its use and conservation

Vitexrotundifolia L.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine.For its efficient use and conservation,genetic diversity and clonal variation of V.rotundifolia populations in China were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat markers.Fourteen natural populations were included to estimate genetic diversity,and a large population with 135 individuals was used to analyze clonal variation and fine-scale spatial genetic structure.The overall genetic diversity (GD) of V.rotundifolia populations in China was moderate (GD=0.190),with about 40% within-population variation.Across all populations surveyed,the average within-population diversity was moderate (P = 22.6%; GD = 0.086).A relatively high genetic differentiation (Gst=0.587)among populations was detected based on the analysis of molecular variance data.Such characteristics of V.rotundifolia are likely attributed to its sexual/asexual reproduction and limited gene flow.The genotypic diversity (D=0.992) was greater than the average values of a clonal plant,indicating its significant reproduction through seedlings.Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a clear within-population structure with gene clusters of approximately 20 m.Genetic diversity patterns of V.rotundifolia in China provide a useful guide for its efficient use and conservation by selecting particular populations displaying greater variation that may contain required medicinal compounds,and by sampling individuals in a population at >20 m spatial intervals to avoid collecting individuals with identical or similar genotypes.     

樟科豺皮樟基名考证

Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen作为豺皮樟学名被广泛使用,而lozoste rotundifolia var．oblongi-folia Nees则长期被认为是其基名,经研究发现Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen的基名是Actinodaphne chinensis var．oblongifolia Nees。     

豺皮樟和圆叶豺皮樟中的阿朴啡生物碱成分

从豺皮樟（Ｌｉｔｓｅａ ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｌｉａ ｖａｒ．ｏｂｌｏｎｇｉｆｏｌｉａ）和圆叶豺皮樟（Ｌｉｔｓｅａ ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｌｉａ）的茎中分离得到三个阿朴啡型生物碱成分,通过光谱解析及化学方法,三个化合物分别鉴定为降波尔定（１）、波尔定（２）和氮乙酰降波尔定（３）。其中氮乙酰降波尔定系首次直接从植物中得到。     

Floral scent variation in the Pyrola rotundifolia complex in Scandinavia and Western Greenland

The variation in floral scent composition within and among populations of four taxa belonging to the Pyrola rotundifolia complex was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Two major groups were recognized, P. norvegica and P. grandiflora on the one side and P. rotundifolia s. str. on the other. Benzaldehyde dominated the scent of the first group and methoxy benzenes and phenyl propanoids that of the second group. A large variation in the floral scent chemistry was found both within some of the studied populations as well as among them. The floral scent composition of P. rotundifolia ssp. maritima was no more different from P. rotundifolia ssp. rotundifolia , than the differences between populations of P. rotundifolia ssp. rotundifolia . The findings are in partial agreement with the current delimitation of the taxa in the P. rotundifolia complex.     

A framework genetic map of Muscadinia rotundifolia

This study presents a framework linkage map based on microsatellite markers for Muscadinia rotundifolia (1n?=?20). The mapping population consisted of 206 progeny generated from a cross of two M. rotundifolia varieties, 'Fry' and 'Trayshed'. A total of 884 primers were tested for their ability to amplify markers: 686 amplified and 312 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs generated 322 polymorphic markers for either one or both parents. The map for the female parent 'Fry' consisted of 212 markers and covered 879?cM on 18 chromosomes. The average distance between the markers was 4.1?cM and chromosome 6 was not represented due to a lack of polymorphic markers. The map for the male parent 'Trayshed' consisted of 191 markers and covered 841?cM on 19 chromosomes. The consensus map consisted of 314 markers on 19 chromosomes with a total distance of 1,088?cM, which represented 66?% of the distance covered by the Vitis vinifera reference linkage map. Marker density varied greatly among chromosomes from 5 to 35 mapped markers. Relatively good synteny was observed across 19 chromosomes based on markers in common with the V. vinifera reference map. Extreme segregation distortion was observed for chromosome 8 and 14 on the female parent map, and 4 on the male parent map. The lack of mapping coverage for the 20th M. rotundifolia chromosome is discussed in relation to possible evolutionary events that led to the reduction in chromosome number from 21 to 19 in the ancestral genome.     

鹿蹄草植物的研究与应用

对鹿蹄草植物的自然资源分布、化学成分、药理作用、及其应用的相关研究做了综述。该植物在世界各地广泛分布、含有鹿蹄草素等多种化学成分,药理研究证明其具有抗菌、抗病毒、消炎、镇痛作用、对心脑血管系统等作用,主要应用在医药工业、食品工业和园林绿化面。最后对该属植物的研究前景做了展望。     

The 120-yr period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment

After 120 yr of burial in moist, well-aerated sand, 23 seeds of Verbascum blattaria and two seeds of a Verbascum sp. germinated and produced normal plants (50% germination for Verbascum). After a 6-wk cold treatment, a single seed of Malva rotundifolia germinated also, producing a normal plant (2% germination). Plants were grown to maturity in a greenhouse, and flowering was induced by exposure to a 6-wk cold treatment. Flowers were artificially pollinated to produce seed of both Verbascum blattaria and Malva rotundifolia. The Verbascum sp. failed to set seed. Collected seeds were subsequently germinated, producing normal plants. F(1) seeds of V. blattaria had a germination of 64%. Seeds (6%) of M. rotundifolia germinated after a cold treatment.     

清新和阳山县圆叶乌桕群落物种多样性和优势种群动态探讨

为了解亚热带地区石灰岩山地圆叶乌桕(Triadica rotundifolia)群落的变化规律,应用样方调查法,对广东省清新县和阳山县两片石灰岩山区圆叶乌桕群落的物种多样性及其种群动态进行了研究。结果表明,在两个面积为2400 m2的样方中,共有维管植物140种,隶属于65科118属。群落均以大戟科、茜草科、芸香科、桑科和木犀科为优势科;其种子植物属的分布区类型以热带分布型为主,占总属数的79.6%,温带分布型属占18.3%。除草本层均匀度外,清新群落的各层丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均比阳山群落的高。清新的圆叶乌桕种群缺乏小苗,为不稳定种群; 而阳山的圆叶乌桕种群相对年轻,为稳定种群。随着群落的演替发展,群落中圆叶乌桕的优势地位终将被其它耐荫型树种所取代。     

Variation in floral longevity between populations of Campanula rotundifolia (Campanulaceae) in response to fitness accrual rate manipulation

Floral longevity, the time between corolla expansion and senescence, contributes directly and indirectly to a plant's overall fitness. Though mating opportunities for insect-pollinated species often differ among populations, few empirical studies have addressed whether floral longevity varies in a manner consistent with these differences. I conducted experiments at thermally distinct sites to examine whether the prevailing floral longevity model predicted such variation between a montane and an alpine population of Campanula rotundifolia. Staminate phase duration was significantly shorter for montane vs. alpine C. rotundifolia flowers in the presence of pollinators, but significantly longer when pollinators were excluded. Montane flowers had a significantly higher female fitness accrual rate, significantly shorter total longevities, and, unlike alpine flowers, were not pollen-limited. Delaying pollinator access to pistillate phase flowers significantly increased total longevity in alpine flowers only. Significant differences in total longevity between populations resulted from an extended pistillate phase in alpine flowers. Overall, the prevailing model accurately predicted the total floral longevity trends found here. However, I provide novel evidence for geographic and gender-specific plasticity in the floral longevity response to fitness accrual rate variation, suggesting C. rotundifolia populations in this study may be attuned to local schedules of pollinator activity.