脉红螺（Rapana Venosa）神经系统解剖的初步研究

本文对腹足纲、狭舌目、骨螺科的脉红螺神经系统的大体解剖和组织学进行了初步研究。脉红螺神经系统头向集中程度较高,神经节愈合现象较为明显。切片上观察,中枢神经节均由神经节被膜、胞体区和神经纤维网构成;形态上相似的神经细胞有集中分布的现象。     

脉红螺消化系统的形态学研究

脉红螺消化系统由十二个器官组成。其消化管壁都由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜四层结构构成。作者对消化腺的细胞进行了较详细的描述,并利用组化方法测定消化腺细胞中含有的酶类。作者还对部分器官的超微结构进行了观察。     

江豚和白鳍豚雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究

江豚和白鳍豚雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究ＯＮＴＨＥＡＮＡＴＯＭＹＯＦＴＨＥＭＡＬＥＧＥＮＩＴＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＢＡＩＪＩ（ＬＩＰＯＴＥＳＶＥＸＩＬＬＩＦＥＲ）ＡＮＤＦＩＮＬＥＳＳＰＯＲＰＯＩＳＥ（ＮＥＯＰＨＯＣＡＥＮＡＰＨＯＣＡＥＮＯＩＤＥＳ）...     

版纳鱼螈的排泄系统和生殖系统解剖学研究

本文报道版纳鱼螈的排泄系统和生殖系统的整体解剖。版纳鱼螈的肾长而窄,并分叶;雌雄体的生殖腺外观形态基本相同而且分叶;雌雄体的生殖管外观形态基本相同;泄殖腔衍生成雄体的交配器或非繁殖时雌体的子宫,但繁殖时雌体的子宫会退化;有卵36～40粒。     

托叶铁科(苏铁目)羽片脉序和羽片解剖学研究

详细研究了托叶铁科两属的2种代表植物Stangeria eriopus和Bowenia serrulata的羽片脉序和羽片解剖学,两个属在气孔器特征与不具副传输组织方面极为相似。而在气孔的分布,羽片脉序式样与叶缘形态,粘液道的有无,海绵组织与栅栏组织的分化。工字厚壁组织与表皮细胞垂周壁特征方面则有较大的差异。将这些特征与苏铁科和泽米铁科作了比较,并讨论了这些特征在系统学上的意义。研究结果支持Stevenson(1992)将该科分为两亚科以及托叶铁科是介入苏铁科与泽米铁科之间的观点。     

Phenolic and terpenoid compounds from Chione venosa (sw.) urban var. venosa (Bois Bandé)

The Caribbean island of Grenada furnishes the popular aphrodisiac drug Bois Bandé, which consists of the stem bark and the roots of Chione venosa (sw.) URBAN var. venosa (Rubiaceae), a native tree growing in the islands' rain forest. The phytochemical investigation of dichloromethane and methanolic-aqueous extracts of the bark and the roots yielded three acetophenone derivatives described for the first time in plants - ortho-hydroxy-acetophenone-azine (1), acetophenone-2-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1'-->6')-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside] (2) and acetophenone-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) - along with five known compounds, alpha-morroniside (4), sweroside (5), diderroside (6), daucosterol (7) and beta-sitosterol (8). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, UV-Vis and ESI-MS.     

东方扁虾雄性生殖系统的解剖学和组织学研究

东方扁虾雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管及雄性生殖孔三部分组成,输精管可分为前、中、后三段。精巢由卷绕的前、后收集管及持靠其上的许多生精腺囊所组成。同一腺囊内的精细胞发生基本同步,而不同腺囊内则可以不同步。收集管的主要功能是将精细胞团输送至输精管。精荚在输粗管内运行时一直进行着精子的形成过程,直至精子成熟。位于输精管末段不肌层外的索带状细胞团被认为是造雄腺。     

葛(豆科)叶的解剖学研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了葛(Pueraria lobata)叶的解剖学特征。结果表明,葛叶片的上、下表皮都只有一层表皮细胞,上表皮比下表皮厚。上、下表皮都有腺毛和非腺毛。气孔主要分布在下表皮,下表皮的气孔密度为(261±17)mm-2,上表皮只有(6±3)mm-2。叶肉由两层栅栏组织细胞和一层海绵组织细胞构成。叶肉细胞中有丰富的叶绿体。在栅栏组织和海绵组织之间有一层平行于叶脉的薄壁细胞。叶脉中含有大量的草酸钙晶体。葛叶的这些形态特征与其喜阳、耐旱的特点相适应。     

田鳖生殖系统的解剖与组织的研究

半翅目异翅亚目隐角类的两性生殖系统过去研究不多,除了早年Dufour(1833)的解剖观察外,至近年方始有人在解剖与组织学方面做了一些研究(Rawat,1939:Woodward,1949: Pendergrast,1957)。 作者因为准备进行端滋式卵巢管卵形成的组织化学研究,曾选择了几种半翅目昆虫     

耳河螺生殖器官和精子的形态学研究

耳河螺「Ｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉａ ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｔａ （Ｍａｒｔｅｎｓ）」为雌雄异体。雄性生殖器官由精巢,输精小管,贮精囊,输精管,前列腺和阴茎组成。精巢内有精子,精子有典型精子和非典型精子两种。扫描电镜下,典型精子头部呈螺旋状,尾端只有一根较粗壮;非典型精子头部和中部为棒状,尾部呈扫帚状,由８－１５根鞭毛组成。     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性生殖系统的组织学研究

中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖系统的组织学研究表明:生精小管一侧为管壁上皮,另一侧为生发区,生殖细胞由生发区基底部同管腔增殖。输精管分为输精细管和贮精囊,管壁上皮具分泌功能,贮精囊有肌肉层。射精管壁肌肉层较厚,粘膜形成纵行皱襞。副性腺内壁为单层立方上皮。生殖系统发育有明显的季节性,8月开始发育加速,10月进入高峰,4月开始发育停滞。     

皱纹盘鲍脓疱病的组织学和超微结构研究

１９９３年９月以来,大连地区许多养鲍厂的皱纹盘鲍都发生了严重的脓疱病。通过病理组织切片研究证明,脓疱病的病灶是从鲍足下表面开始逐渐扩展向足的深部,由于该病的唯一病原菌－河流弧菌Ⅱ的大量繁殖瞳的结缔组织、肌纤维坏死瓦解或破碎,病灶中只剩下鲍的血淋巴细胞、弧菌及细胞碎片。     

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE GRANULES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF OXYCHILUS ATLANTICUS (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA)

The presence of connective interstitial cells in the wall ofseveral organs of the distal reproductive system in Oxychilus atlanticusis described by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Connective interstitial cells extend from the distal part of thevas deferens to the penis, being the dominant cell type of large portionsof the epiphallus as well as in the whole penial caecum (=flagellum).These cells are highly mineralized and are characterized bythe presence of large amounts of solid spherules (up to 4 mmin diameter) in their cytoplasm. A semi-quantitative evaluationby X-ray microanalysis demonstrates that calcium and phosphorusare the main elements of the spherules. Their function is unknown,but they could aid in copulation or they could assist the survivalof the transferred spermatozoa. (Received 7 June 1999; accepted 8 September 1999)     

ONTOGENY OF THE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITIC REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN NASSARIUS VIBEX (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE: NASSARIINAE)

Pseudohermaphroditism or imposex is an abnormality of the gastropodreproductive system caused by the effects of an environmentalpollutant, tributyltin, in which parts of the male reproductivetract develop in females. In this study, the post-larval developmentof the reproductive system in pseudohermaphroditic male andfemale Nassarius vibex was investigated relative to normal developmentto determine how and when the abnormalities associated withpseudohermaphroditism develop. Two populations of N. vibex were compared:one exhibiting normal development, and one in which the animalswere effected by pseudohermaphroditism. In the affected N. vibexpopulation, a penis and anterior spermiduct developed very earlyin ontogeny in both males and females. Normal reproductive systemdevelopment was affected in some females, evidenced by fusion ofthe induced spermiduct and anterior oviduct, or by abnormaloviduct development. Several males displayed precocious maturationof the gonad in addition to early development of the anteriorspermiduct and penis. (Received 25 April 2000; accepted 1 July 2000)     

马氏巴蜗牛生殖系统的组织学初步研究

马氏巴蜗牛的生殖系统由十二个器官组成。作者利用组织切片技术对各个器官的组织学特点进行了研究。作者发现,马氏巴蜗牛输精管与输卵管的初始段是愈合的。阴道管壁肌肉层发达,管道柔软。指状腺腺体数目为四个。处于非生殖时期的蜗牛个体,恋矢囊内无石灰质恋矢。     

ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ONTOGENY AND HOMOLOGY IN NASSARIUS VIBEX (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE: NASSARIINAE)

The post-larval development of the reproductive system in Nassariusvibex was investigated using a histological approach, to establishthe sequence of organogenesis and the contribution of differentorganogenetic components to the adult system. This researchis part of a broader investigation with two primary objectives.The first is to provide a detailed analysis of reproductivesystem development that can be used to re-evaluate existingcharacter sets and generate new characters for reconstructing gastropodphylogenies. The reproductive tract has always been a promisingbut problematic system to work with in phylogenetic research,because of the uncertain homology of many parts of the system.Most of the reproductive system itself develops during post-larvalontogeny, a phase of gastropod development that has been investigatedin very few taxa; thus this line of research has the potentialto provide a wealth of new information. The second objective isto establish comparable organogenetic series for representative gastropodtaxa that can be used to investigate the significance of heterochronicprocesses in the evolution of gastropod organ systems. The reproductive system in Nassarius vibex develops very latein ontogeny from two ontogenetic components in the male andthree in the female. Development and differentiation of theorgan system is not completed until near maturity. In both sexes,ductal components develop first and fuse to form the rudimentaryreproductive tract. Gonads and accessory reproductive structuresdevelop after the ductal components are fused, and glandulartissues do not appear until near maturity. The penis does notdevelop until near maturity. The capsule and albumen glandsin this species are broadly conjoined, unlike the situationin other members of Nassarius. The ingesting gland developsbetween them as a dorsal outgrowth of the glandular lumen. (Received 25 April 2000; accepted 1 July 2000)     

体外培养日本血吸虫成虫生殖器官超微结构的观察

将日本血吸虫成虫于851培养基中培养23天后,对其生殖器官进行透射电镜观察。观察结果显示,雌虫卵巢内卵母细胞出现不同程度的变性、坏死;成熟卵黄细胞的卵黄小滴融合,脂质小滴数量增多、体积增大;培养后期卵壳形成发生障碍,最终导致无活性、无卵壳的畸形卵形成。超微结构观察首次显示,体外初产期虫卵卵壳中有条带状低电子密度区和高电子密度区相间排列。