应用RT-PCR技术检测动物组织中的口蹄疫病毒*

通过对影响RT-PER检出率的条件和试剂进行了筛选,确定了提取FMDV RNA的最佳方法和试剂,优选出RT-PCR反应的试剂和最佳反应条件,建立了检测口蹄疫病毒核酸的RT-PER方法。应用所建立的方法检测送检的鲜牛奶、淋巴结、脊髓、牛鼻咽拭子,结果阳性率分别为41.4％(24/58)、13.33％(2/15)、20％(1/5)、37.5％(12/32);检测4个屠宰场送检的组织样品40份,结果阳性率为.10％-70％;检测送检的奶粉(1份)、水泡皮(1份)、老鼠(2份)、患儿口腔棉拭子(4份),阳性率均为     

显色培养基在几种食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用*

用显色培养基鉴定微生物是一种新的微生物快速检测技术,该技术以生化反应为基础,通过在培养基中加入细菌特异性酶的显色底物直接根据菌落颜色对菌种作出鉴定。常见食源性致病菌检测中,李斯特菌显色培养基(BCM^TMListeriamonocytogenes,Rapid’LMONOagar,CHROMagar^TMListeria)、大肠杆菌显色培养基(CHROMagarTMEcoli)、沙门氏菌显色培养基(Rambachagar)、金黄色葡萄球菌显     

饮用水中5种致病菌多重PCR技术检测研究*

沙门氏菌(Salm onellasp.)、志贺氏菌(Shigellasp.)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudom onasaeruginosa)、肠出血型大肠杆菌O157(E terohaem orrhagicO157)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio rah-aem olyticus)是5种饮用水中不得检出食源性致病菌,根据它们的毒素基因、高度保守基因及特异性基因,设计合成5对寡核苷酸引物,应用PCR技术对10个属的30株细菌进行引物特异性检测。通过     

三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯多种病毒影响因素*

根据病毒外壳蛋白区序列设计PVX、PVS特异性引物对 ,根据P1基因区序列设计PVA特异性引物对 ,应用三重RT PCR同步检测马铃薯X病毒 ,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯S病毒 ,分别得到 5 62bp、 2 5 5bp、 1 82bp大小的扩增片段。试验从反转录反应、PCR反应及循环条件 3方面讨论了试剂和循环条件对三重RT PCR同步检测 3种病毒的影响。结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、 3种病毒下游引物浓度比例对整个反应影响较大 ;其次是PCR反应中MgCl₂ 浓度和退火温度 ;     

核酸试纸条检测方法研究进展*

凝胶电泳、实时荧光PCR等常规核酸检测方法存在操作繁琐、设备昂贵、反应时间长等局限性。随着核酸检测市场规模的大幅提升,常规检测方法已无法满足临床诊断、检验检疫的需求。核酸试纸条(nucleic acid detection strip,NADS)是一种新兴的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、操作便捷、结果可视化、成本低且耗时短等优势,在基础研究与临床诊断等领域受到广泛关注。综述近年来NADS的检测方法及研究进展,系统总结该技术的原理、应用及临床潜在转化价值,以期为NADS的进一步开发、利用提供借鉴。     

中国甜菜坏死黄脉病毒RNA5的检测及其核苷酸序列分析*

利用反转录PCR方法,对甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)5个中国分离物的RNA5进行了检测,结果表明新疆分离物、黑龙江分离物和内蒙古乌拉特前旗分离物不含有RNA5,只有包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物有RNA5。序列分析结果,包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物RNA5基因组分别为1338nt和1358nt,均只包含1个开放阅读框架,编码产生26kD蛋白。与法国F72分离物和日本D5分离物相比,各分离物间核苷酸序列同源性为93.7%～98.5%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为91.8%～98.2%。     

人乳头瘤病毒芯片寡核苷酸探针的研究*

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpapillomavirus,HPV)是宫颈癌的主要致病因子。利用Arraydesigner2·0和BLAST等生物学软件对10种型别的人乳头瘤病毒全基因组序列进行分析,设计高特异性、熔解温度?和GC含量相近的60merHPV型特异性寡核苷酸探针,用于HPV检测芯片的制备,并对其中四型最常见HPV病毒(HPV6,11,16,18探针的有效性进行初步验证,结果表明设计所得的探针型特异性好,可以应用于HPV的检测与分型。     

新型冠状病毒抗原快速检测研发现状及展望*

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的全球大流行,对全球公共健康、社会和经济运转造成了重大影响。在药物研发迟滞及疫苗有效性未得到充分验证的情况下,对人群进行大规模的快速筛查,寻找潜在的感染者(尤其是轻症和无症状患者),并进行集中隔离,切断传播途径和保护易感人群是首要的任务。因此对于SARS-CoV-2感染,早期诊断尤为重要。总结现有市场上的新冠病毒抗原快速检测产品,对全球抗原快速检测市场进行分析,概述其研发的动向并展望了我国在新冠抗原检测新方法、新技术方面的自主创新能力。     

水体中诺瓦克病毒RT-PCR检测研究

诺瓦克病毒是公认的食源性或水源性非细菌性胃肠炎的主要致病因子之一。建立诺瓦克病毒的RT-PCR检测方法,验证其特异性及灵敏度,并在实验室人工污染水样,进行模拟水样的检测,验证RT-PCR检测方法的实用性。所用引物为RNA多聚酶区的JV12/JV13,多次反复实验,均可产生327bp预期大小的特异条带,并通过杂交进一步证实了其特异性和正确性;在临床粪样中,可达到的最高检测限为50pg/mL。在共42份模拟样品的检测中,经过播毒、富集和浓缩,38份均可检出诺瓦克病毒。其中4份池塘水未检出。在模拟水样中的检测灵敏度为200pg/mL。实验中所建立的试验条件和体系可用于实际水样中诺瓦克病毒的筛选,对水质控制起到了很好的监控作用。     

基因治疗慢病毒载体的转导增强策略*

基于慢病毒载体的体外基因治疗已在临床试验中取得良好的效果,有望治愈一些造血系统的单基因遗传病。通过提高靶细胞转导效率和减少转导中病毒载体量,基因治疗有效性、安全性和成本都可以得到改善。不同包膜糖蛋白伪型慢病毒载体通过与细胞膜表面的不同受体结合,促进病毒黏附和入胞,增强不同靶细胞的病毒转导效率。此外病毒转导增强剂可以在病毒进入细胞过程或进入后发挥作用,在提高转导效率的同时使靶转导基因在体内长期稳定表达。通过对这两类方法的总结回顾,旨在为慢病毒载体的转导效率提供新的优化策略,使基因治疗得到更广泛的应用。     

多重PCR快速确证外源基因在转基因小麦后代的传递

根据转入小麦0世代中的高分子谷蛋白亚基1Dx5基因和报告基因uidA、作为选择标记的除草剂抗性基因bar的序列,设计合成三对引物。以整合uidA+bar的质粒pAHC25和整合1Dx5的质粒p1Dx5为模板寻找uidA与1Dx5及或bar多重扩增的最佳模板浓度及最适退火温度。MPCR模板量是单对引物扩增时的两倍,引物浓度同常规PCR为0.3μM,uidA与bar的适宜退火温度范围为57.1 - 62.3℃;uidA与1Dx5为60.0℃-60.6℃;uidA、bar、1Dx5的最适合退火温度范围为57.0℃-58.4℃。MPCR对大小相差50bp及以下的多重扩增片段可通过10%的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离。在此基础上对14株T1代转基因小麦基因组DNA进行多重PCR扩增,筛选出基因未分离的小麦后代,并与常规PCR比较,结果一致,其中11株同时传递1Dx5和bar基因、1株同时传递uidA、bar和1Dx5基因,3株未检测到外源基因。表明MPCR在快速确证外源基因在转基因植株后代的传递中作用显著。研究在常规PCR反应体系上,对模板浓度和多重引物退火温度进行微调,且把MPCR技术与PAGE技术结合起来,提高了研究结果的准确性,获得了较好的扩增和检测效果,简化了MPCR优化程序,使MPCR的优势更明显,为该技术的广泛应用提供了借鉴。     

Development of a combined selective enrichment method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for sensitive detection of Salmonella in food samples

PCR assays were formatted using primer pairs homologous to phoE and invA genes. The amplification conditions were optimized with pure cultures and reactions were carried out to define selectivity, specificity and sensitivity of both primer pairs. The performance of the invA primer pair was better than that of the phoE pair, making the specific detection of Salmonella serovars and strains isolated from different food samples possible. Using the invA primer pair, the combined selective enrichment method with the polymerase chain reaction assay was established and used to detect Salmonella from artificially multi-contaminated food samples. The complete procedure detected as few as three cells of Salmonella (3 c.f.u.) from milk and meat samples.     

First outbreak of norovirus in Albania

Aims: Noroviruses (NoVs) represent the most important enteric viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis world‐wide. This study objective is to characterize the first outbreak of NoV that occurred in Ballsh, a small city in Albania. Methods and Results: Stool specimens were collected from people attending to the hospital. Samples were also collected from the aqueduct for bacteriological and virological tests. Overall 33 stools and five drinking water samples were collected, respectively, from the hospital in Ballsh and from the municipal aqueduct. No water samples were scored positive whereas ten stool samples (30·3%) were scored GGII NoV positive. All the GGII isolates were identified as GGII·4 genotype, and no GGI was identified. The alignment and protein analysis were performed using, respectively, Clustal V and the mega 4 software. Conclusions: This is the first report of NoV GGII·4 in Albania causing an outbreak. The genetic analysis showed several point mutations and amino acid substitutions with respect to the international strains. Significance and Impact of Study: Over the last decades, Albania has suffered from different outbreaks as cholera, poliomyelitis, hepatitis A and now, for the first time, it has been documented an outbreak of NoV.     

The development of LENTICULES™ as reference materials for noroviruses

Aims: To investigate the potential for LENTICULES? to act as reference materials (RMs) for noroviruses (NoV) [genogroups I (GI) and II (GII)] by determining their homogeneity and stability characteristics. Methods and Results: NoV used in this study originated from human faecal material, screened for the absence of other faecally transmitted pathogens. The norovirus strains present in the faecal material were characterized by sequencing, and samples containing GI and GII strains representative of genotypes commonly circulating in the community were selected. RMs were produced utilizing modified lenticulating technology. A batch comprising 500 LENTICULES? containing both norovirus genogroups was produced according to ISO Guide 34. The batch was tested and quantified using an ISO 17025 accredited quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR assay. Sufficient homogeneity was established using procedures described by Fearn and Thompson (2010), while stability at less than ?15°C and ambient temperature (17–22°C) was assessed over 52 weeks and 7 days, respectively. Conclusions: Lenticulation was shown to be an effective means of preservation of detectable NoV. LENTICULES? were sufficiently homogeneous and stable throughout medium‐term frozen and short‐term storage at room temperature to serve as RMs. Virus LENTICULES? have the advantages of being easy to manipulate, provide assigned values and do not require the manipulation of high titre clinical material. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study show that norovirus LENTICULES? can be used as stable RMs for quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR assays. They can be utilized as in‐run positive extraction controls and potentially for method calibration and to enable more easy comparison of data generated by the variety of differing norovirus determination methods that have emerged in recent years. LENTICULES? have the potential to provide essential elements of laboratory quality assurance systems for laboratories implementing these new methods for virus testing in foodstuffs and for those running routine analyses.     

Sensitive detection of mycoplasmalike organisms in field-collected and in vitro propagated plants of Brassica, Hydrangea and Chrysanthemum by polymerase chain reaction

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, previously designed for amplification of a DNA fragment from aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), was employed to investigate the detection of MLO DNA in field-collected and in vitro micropropagated plants. PCR with template DNA extracted from symptomatic, naturally-infected samples of Brassica, Chrysanthemum and Hydrangea, each yielded a DNA band corresponding to 1.0 Kbp. However, no DNA product was observed when either infected Ranunculus (with phyllody disease) or Gladiolus with (symptoms of ‘germs fins’) was used as source of template nucleic acid for PCR; further experiments indicated absence of target DNA in the case of Ranunculus and the presence of substances in Gladiolus which inhibited the PCR. The MLO-specific DNA was detected by PCR using less than 95 pg of total nucleic acid (equivalent to total nucleic acid from 1.9, ug tissue) in the case of field-collected Hydrangea and less than 11.4 pg of nucleic acid (equivalent to total nucleic acid from 19 ng of tissue) in the case of field-collected Brassica. The findings illustrate highly sensitive detection of MLOs in both field-grown and in vitro micropropagated infected plants.