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1.
The genetic distances separating 14 Spanish goat breeds are calculated from gene frequency data of 14 genetic blood markers (GSH, Ke, Hb, Dia, Ct, MDH, CA, X, NP, Alp, Am, Cp, Tf and Al). Working from the matrix of Nei's genetic distances we drew a dendrogram demonstrating a great genetic similarity among populations from Negra Serrana, Zamorana, Guadarrama, Retinta, Blanca Andaluza, Berciana and Pirenaica on one hand; and Canaria, Murciana, Blanca Celtibérica, Verata, Palmera, Malague?a and Granadina on the other. We discuss the similarities and differences within our classification using gene frequency data of the blood genetic markers studied, and classifications based chiefly on morphological and production data. 相似文献
2.
Summary. Ten genetic markers were studied in seven Spanish native cattle breeds, using a total of 725 animals. Of the ten, two were found to be monomorphic in all seven breeds. The genetic relationships of the seven breeds are estimated by three different genetic-statistical methods (genetic distances, main coordinate analysis and cluster analysis), which indicate three clearly distinct groups of populations: one where the Cárdena Andaluza and Alistana Sanabresa are very closely related, one comprising Sayaguesa, Morucha, Asturiana de los Valles and Asturiana de la Montaña cattle, and a third, genetically distant from the other two, comprising only Blanca Cacereña. The dendrogram drawn from the genetic distances matrix would seem to imply that the seven breeds are descended from different ancestors. 相似文献
3.
Fourteen goat populations were studied regarding their genetic relationship and structure. Parameters of genetic diversity (HT, HS and GST) and F statistic (FIS, FIT and FST) were estimated. Undefined breed populations presented high homogeneity, as did imported breed populations. Naturalized breed populations showed high differentiation. The genetic distances separating these 14 goat populations were calculated from gene frequency data for eight blood genetic markers (esterase D, phosphoglucomutase 1, carbonic anhydrase II, peptidase B, amylase, haemoglobin, transferrin, and protein X). Working with the genetic distance matrix of Nei corrected for small samples (DA), we constructed a dendrogram using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. DA values ranged from 0.0027 to 0.1518. The dendrogram divided the populations into two groups, one consisting of three populations of naturalized breeds, and another including the other populations (imported breeds, undefined breeds and some other naturalized breeds). 相似文献
4.
M J Tu?ón P González M Vallejo 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1987,88(2):513-517
1. The structure of the Pirenaica, Verata, Guadarrama, Zamorana, Berciana, Granadina, Blanca Andaluza, Blanca Celtibérica, Murciana, Negra Serrana, Malague?a, Canaria, Palmera and Retinta goat breeds have been analysed. 2. Fourteen blood genetic systems were analysed: reduced glutathione (GSH), red cell potassium (Ke), haemoglobin (Hb), diaphorase (Dia), catalase (Ct), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), carbonic anhydrase (CA), X-protein (X), nucleoside phosphorylase (NP), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), amylase (Am), ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf) and albumin (Al). 3. Of the fourteen genetic systems studied, six were monomorphic (GSH, Ct, MDH, CA, NP and Cp) and eight polymorphic (Ke, Hb, Dia, X, Alp, Am, Tf and Al). Phenotypic and gene frequencies of the eight polymorphic genetic markers are reported. 相似文献
5.
6.
Elena Llop 《American journal of physical anthropology》1996,101(3):325-332
Phenotypes and gene frequencies for eight genetic systems are presented for five Chilean Indian tribes. Results agree with the pattern expected for Andean Indians. Genetic distances and dendrograms were obtained separately for HLA and traditional genetic markers. The similarity of both is noteworthy. Linguistic distances exhibit a correlation with genetic distances based on traditional markers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
7.
Amit Vashishtha Tabassum Jehan Suman Lakhanpaul 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2013,19(3):389-397
Three molecular marker systems, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) were employed to investigate the genetic structure and diversity among the 14 natural populations of Butea monosperma collected from different geographical regions of India. Detected by 17 RAPD, 15 ISSR and 11 SRAP primer combinations, the proportions of polymorphic bands were 84.2 %, 77.2 % and 91.9 %, respectively, and the mean Nei’s genetic distances among the populations were 0.13, 0.10 and 0.13, respectively. Partitioning of genetic variability by Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the high genetic diversity was distributed within the populations. AMOVA also revealed that the coefficient of gene differentiation among populations based on FST was very high irrespective of markers used. The overall gene flow among populations (Nm) was very low. Cophenetic correlation coefficients of Nei’s distance values and clustering pattern by Mental test were statistically significant for all three marker systems used but poor fit for ISSR data than for RAPD, SRAP and combined data set of all three markers. For all markers, a high similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained, although some differences were observed with ISSR. The dendrogram obtained by RAPD, SRAP and combined data set of all three markers reflect relationship of most of the populations according to their geographic distribution. 相似文献
8.
《Biodemography and social biology》2013,59(1):73-83
Abstract Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid admixture, only geography seems to be the important factor in explaining the variabilities in genetic distances among these populations. An empirical relationship between geographic distance and gene identity is also established and shown graphically. 相似文献
9.
R. Martin Ball Joseph E. Neigel John C. Avise 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1990,44(2):360-370
Using computer simulations, we generated and analyzed genetic distances among selectively neutral haplotypes transmitted through gene genealogies with random-mating organismal pedigrees. Constraints and possible biases on haplotype distances due to correlated ancestry were evaluated by comparing observed distributions of distances to those predicted from an inbreeding theory that assumes independence among haplotype pairs. Results suggest that: 1) mean time to common ancestry of neutral haplotypes can be a reasonably good predictor of evolutionary effective population size; 2) the nonindependence of haplotype paths of descent within a given gene genealogy typically produces significant departures from the theoretical probability distributions of haplotype distances; 3) frequency distributions of distances between haplotypes drawn from “replicate” organismal pedigrees or from multiple unlinked loci within an organismal pedigree exhibit very close agreement with the theory for independent haplotypes. These results are relevant to interpretations of current molecular data on genetic distances among nonrecombining haplotypes at either nuclear or cytoplasmic loci. 相似文献
10.
Pérez-Vich B Leon AJ Grondona M Velasco L Fernández-Martínez JM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(5):867-875
Increasing the stearic acid content to improve sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil quality is a desirable breeding objective for food-processing applications. CAS-14 is a sunflower mutant line with
a high stearic acid content in its seed oil (>35% vs. <6% in currently grown sunflower hybrids), which is controlled by the
Es3 gene. However, the expression of the high stearic acid character in CAS-14 is strongly influenced by temperature during
seed maturation and it is not uniform along the seed. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify PCR-based molecular
markers linked to the Es3 gene from CAS-14, (2) to map this gene on the sunflower genetic map, and (3) to characterize the
interaction between CAS-14 and CAS-3, a sunflower high stearic acid (about 26%) mutant line with the Es1 and Es2 genes determining
this trait. Two F2 mapping populations were developed from crosses between CAS-14 and P21, a nuclear male sterile line with the Ms11 gene controlling this character, and between CAS-14 and CAS-3. One hundred and thirty-three individuals from P21×CAS-14,
and 164 individuals from CAS-3×CAS-14 were phenotyped in F2 and F3 seed generations for fatty acid composition using gas–liquid chromatography, and they were then genotyped with microsatellite
[simple sequence repeat (SSR)] and insertion–deletion (INDEL) markers. Bulk segregant analysis in the P21×CAS-14 population
identified two markers on LG 8 putatively linked to Es3. A large linkage group was identified using additional markers mapping
to LG 8. Es3 mapped to the distal half of LG 8 and was flanked by the SSR markers ORS243 and ORS1161 at genetic distances
of 0.5, and 3.9 cM, respectively. The Ms11 gene was also mapped to LG 8 and genetic distance between this gene and Es3 was found to be 7.4 cM. In the CAS-3×CAS-14 population,
two QTLs were identified on LG 1 and LG 8, which underlie the Es1 gene from CAS-3 and the Es3 gene from CAS-14, respectively.
A significant epistatic interaction between these two QTLs was found. Results from this study provided a basis for determining
CAS-14 efficient breeding strategies. 相似文献
11.
Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships among Pacific Island and Asian populations. 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
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Mitochondrial and autosomal short tandem-repeat (STR) genetic distances among 28 Pacific Island and Asian populations are significantly correlated (r=.25, P<.01) but describe distinct patterns of relationships. Maternally inherited-mtDNA data suggest that Remote Oceanic Islanders originated in island Southeast Asia. In contrast, biparental STR data reveal substantial genetic affinities between Remote Oceanic Islanders and Near Oceanic populations from highland Papua New Guinea and Australia. The low correlation between maternal and biparental genetic markers from the same individuals may reflect differences in genome-effective population sizes or in sex-biased gene flow. To explore these possibilities, we have examined genetic diversity, gene flow, and correlations among genetic, linguistic, and geographic distances within four sets of populations representing potential geographic and cultural spheres of interaction. GST estimates (a measure of genetic differentiation inversely proportional to gene flow) from mtDNA sequences vary between 0.13 and 0.39 and are typically five times greater than GST estimates from STR loci (0.05-0.08). Significant correlations (r>.5, P<.05) between maternal genetic and linguistic distances are coincident with high mtDNA GST estimates (>0.38). Thus, genetic and linguistic distances may coevolve, and their correspondence may be preserved under conditions of genetic isolation. A significant correlation (r=.65, P<.01) between biparental genetic and geographic distances is coincident with a low STR GST estimate (0.05), indicating that isolation by distance is observed under conditions of high nuclear-gene flow. These results are consistent with an initial settlement of Remote Oceania from island Southeast Asia and with extensive postcolonization male-biased gene flow with Near Oceania. 相似文献
12.
M. Huehn 《Journal of applied genetics》2010,51(1):27-31
The majority of published genetic maps are based on Kosambi distances or on Haldane distances. For a comparison of both map
distance measures, their random variability is of particular interest. For the statistic ‘variance’, this paper presents a
relationship between Kosambi distances and Haldane distances. The results suggest that Kosambi distances exhibit a smaller
random variability. The theoretical results are applied to an experimental data set for molecular AFLP markers linked to the
bolting gene of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). 相似文献
13.
The genetic structure of three subpopulations of the Naikpod tribe of Andhra Pradesh, India, was examined by studying three blood group, six red cell enzyme, and five protein systems and phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity. The gene frequency data of 15 loci are compared among the subpopulations as well as with those reported for other population groups from India. The analysis of gene diversity revealed that the gene differentiation among the subpopulations relative to total population is only 0.02, indicating that the genetic differentiation between subpopulations is very small compared with that within them. This is corroborated by the small genetic distances found among them. The effect of differentiation of microgeographical and breeding isolation on gene diversity and genetic differentiation among the three subpopulations is apparently low. 相似文献
14.
Gene frequency data on 16 protein and blood group loci for the inhabitants of 9 Mediterranean countries were collected from the literature. The frequency of most of these genes was associated with longitude. The genetic distances between the same populations were also determined. The smallest genetic distances were found among the north Mediterranean countries, whereas the highest values were observed between the Algerians and the inhabitants of the other countries. 相似文献
15.
A K Roychoudhury 《American journal of physical anthropology》1975,42(3):449-454
Using gene frequency data for 14 genetic loci, genetic distances between 13 tribes of Mexican Indians belonging to 12 language groups were determined and a dendrogram was constructed. The genetic distance between tribes is correlated more with geographic proximity than with language affinity. The gene diversity (heterozygosity) of the total population was decomposed into the three components, i.e., the gene diversity between three main linguistic groups, the gene diversity between tribes within the main linguistic groups and the gene diversity within tribes. About 95% of the total gene diversity exists within tribes, the intergroup and intertribe components being only about 5%. 相似文献
16.
Resistance to fusarium wilt in peas (Pisumsativum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. sp. pisi race 1 (van Hall) Snyd. & Hans. is conferred by a single dominant gene, Fw. The gene was located in the pea genome by analyzing progenies from crosses involving genetic markers across all pea linkage groups. Phenotyping of the progenies for reaction to race 1 of the fusarium wilt pathogen was determined by field screening in a "wilt-sick" plot in Pullman, Washington. Fw was shown to be located on linkage group III, about 13 map units from Lap-1 and b and 14 map units from Td. The relatively large distances between these markers and Fw precludes the use of the linked markers in marker-assisted selection for wilt resistance. Additional markers in this region of the pea genome will be required if marker-assisted selection for Fw is to be successful. 相似文献
17.
Bernadette Julier Philippe Barre Paola Lambroni Sabrina Delaunay Muriel Thomasset Frédéric Lafaillette Vincent Gensollen 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(11):133
Variety registration of lucerne often fails because of the difficulty to pass the distinction test. This test is presently based on phenotypic traits. We proposed to evaluate if high-throughput genotyping of varieties with genotyping-by-sequencing markers could help to distinguish among 20 varieties and if the genetic distances were correlated to phenotypic ones. Genotyping was performed either on 40 individuals or on 4 bulks of 100 plants per variety. At the methodological level, we obtained a high number of polymorphic markers, a precise determination of the allele dosage on the individuals, a high reproducibility of allele frequency estimated on bulks and a good correlation between allele frequencies scored on individuals or on bulks. Each pair of the 20 varieties was significantly distinct when using the markers. In addition, the varieties grouped in a way that was consistent with their genetic origin. Genetic distances were correlated to phenotypic distances obtained from data collected in the distinction tests. We suggest that molecular markers could be useful to assist distinction tests during the official trials for registration of lucerne varieties. 相似文献
18.
The genetic diversity, relationship and molecular identification of 15 well known, widely planted traditional Chinese elite tea genetic resources [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] preserved in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository in the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences located in Zhejiang province, China, were investigated using RAPD markers. A total of 1050 bands with an average of 52.5 bands per primer, 70 bands per genetic resource were generated by the 20 selected primers from the 15 tea genetic resources. In the total of 137 amplified products, 129 were polymorphic, corresponding to 94.2% genetic diversity. The relative frequency of polymorphic products was from 0.24 to 0.83, with an average of 0.47. In general, this average frequency was relatively high. The genetic distances among the genetic resources were from 0.16 to 0.62, with an average of 0.37. The 15 tea genetic resources were grouped into three groups by UPGMA cluster analysis based on RAPD data. By using the presence of 20 unique RAPD markers and the absence of 11 unique markers, all the 15 investigated tea genetic resources could be easily identified. RAPD markers provided a practical method not only to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationship, but also to identify tea genetic resources. 相似文献
19.
Population structure in the endangered Blanca Cacereña bovine breed demonstrated by RAPD analyses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Parejo JC Padilla JA Rabasco A Sansinforiano ME Martinez-Trancón M 《Genes & genetic systems》2002,77(1):51-58
RAPD analyses have been used to determine the genetic diversity and the population structure of the endangered Blanca Cacere?a bovine breed. Genetic variability was evaluated on the basis of 1048 loci produced by 71 primers. RAPD produced a number of polymorphic loci (30.44%), and it has been proved to be a useful method for evaluating polymorphisms in this breed. The dendrograms based on simililarity indexes and on Nei's genetic distances between 60 animals and the value of genetic differentiation among subpopulations (F(ST)) showed a clear population substructure defined by herds and a scarce genetic flow among herds. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 32.4% of the total variance was due to differences among herds and confirmed the clustering found. The results of the present study allow us to plan more adequate mating in order to maintain the genetic diversity and to improve the efficiency of conservation for the Blanca Cacere?a bovine breed. 相似文献
20.
Genetic diversity in European pigs utilizing amplified fragment length polymorphism markers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
SanCristobal M Chevalet C Peleman J Heuven H Brugmans B van Schriek M Joosten R Rattink AP Harlizius B Groenen MA Amigues Y Boscher MY Russell G Law A Davoli R Russo V Dèsautés C Alderson L Fimland E Bagga M Delgado JV Vega-Pla JL Martinez AM Ramos M Glodek P Meyer JN Gandini G Matassino D Siggens K Laval G Archibald A Milan D Hammond K Cardellino R Haley C Plastow G 《Animal genetics》2006,37(3):232-238
The use of DNA markers to evaluate genetic diversity is an important component of the management of animal genetic resources. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has published a list of recommended microsatellite markers for such studies; however, other markers are potential alternatives. This paper describes results obtained with a set of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers as part of a genetic diversity study of European pig breeds that also utilized microsatellite markers. Data from 148 AFLP markers genotyped across samples from 58 European and one Chinese breed were analysed. The results were compared with previous analyses of data from 50 microsatellite markers genotyped on the same animals. The AFLP markers had an average within-breed heterozygosity of 0.124 but there was wide variation, with individual markers being monomorphic in 3-98% of the populations. The biallelic and dominant nature of AFLP markers creates a challenge for their use in genetic diversity studies as each individual marker contains limited information and AFLPs only provide indirect estimates of the allelic frequencies that are needed to estimate genetic distances. Nonetheless, AFLP marker-based characterization of genetic distances was consistent with expectations based on breed and regional distributions and produced a similar pattern to that obtained with microsatellites. Thus, data from AFLP markers can be combined with microsatellite data for measuring genetic diversity. 相似文献