老年慢性便秘患者社区干预治疗评价

目的:评价老年慢性便秘患者社区干预治疗的疗效。方法:将2010年3月-2011年4月我院门诊收治的62例老年便秘患者随机均分为两组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上辅以社区干预治疗,治疗半年后观察两组患者疗效。结果:治疗半年后,两组临床症状均有改善,但较对照组,研究组改善更为显著P<0.05;对照组治疗有效率为67.74%,研究组有效率为90.32%,两组比较差异显著P<0.05。结论:老年慢性便秘患者在常规药物治疗基础上辅以社区干预治疗,疗效显著,为老年慢性便秘治疗的有效方法。     

综合干预对原发性骨质疏松治疗依从性及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨骨质疏松防治综合干预对特需门诊原发性骨质疏松(POP)患者治疗依从性及生活质量的影响。方法:以2010年5月~2013年5月期间四川大学华西医院国际医疗中心收治的112例POP患者为研究对象,分为干预组和对照组,在药物治疗的同时给予不同的护理措施,6个月后比较两组干预前后POP知识掌握程度(OKT评分)、疼痛(VAS评分)、骨密度(BMD)以及生活质量(OQOLS评分)改善情况;随访1年后评价两组治疗依从性以及骨折发生率。结果:经过6个月的干预,干预组OKT评分、VAS评分以及BMD和治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001)。干预组OQOLS评分的5个维度以及生活质量总评分和干预前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001),对照组心理维度和社会维度和干预前比较差异不大(P0.05)。两组随访1年,干预组完全依存比例明显高于对照组,不依从比例低于对照组(P0.001);干预组病理性骨折发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对特需门诊收治的原发性骨质疏松患者在药物治疗的基础上实施综合护理干预,能够明显提高患者的治疗依从性,提高骨密度增加比例,减少疼痛,降低骨折发生率,改善患者生活质量。     

一种新型国产内镜射频消融治疗仪对胃食管反流病的疗效

目的:探讨一种新型国产内镜射频消融治疗仪对胃食管反流病(GERD)的疗效。方法:选取2016年6月-2017年6月来我院就诊的难治性GERD患者50例,随机分为内镜射频治疗组(美顿Medi誖射频治疗仪,n=25)与药物治疗组(n=25)。比较两组患者干预前后的酸反流严重程度、胃食管反流病自测量表(GerdQ)评分、质子泵抑制剂(PPI)的药物使用率、简明健康调查量表(SF-36)评分。结果:(1)内镜射频治疗组患者干预后即刻的胃镜提示射频消融治疗区域的消化道黏膜出现收缩、增厚,干预后6、12个月分别有15例(60.0%)、20例(80.0%)的食管下段黏膜的充血带较前减少。(2)两组干预后3、12个月的GerdQ总分均显著低于干预前(P0.05),内镜射频治疗组干预后3、12个月的GerdQ总分均显著低于同期药物治疗组(P0.05)。(3)全部患者干预前均需要药物来缓解症状,内镜射频治疗组干预3、12个月时的PPI药物使用率均显著低于药物治疗组(P0.05)。(4)内镜射频治疗组干预后SF-36的生理职能、生命活力、精神状态、总体健康等维度评分均显著高于同期药物治疗组(P0.05)。结论:美顿Medi?射频治疗仪对GERD患者是一种安全、有效的治疗选择,能显著改善反流症状,减少PPI药物使用,提高患者的生活质量。     

Thiopropazate Hydrochloride in Persistent Dyskinesia

Thiopropazate (Dartalan) was found to be significantly more effective than a placebo in relieving dyskinesia in 23 patients with functional psychosis and persistent dyskinesia associated with prolonged phenothiazine therapy. Each patient whose dyskinesia had persisted unchanged for at least one month after phenothiazine withdrawal received thiopropazate by mouth for three weeks and the placebo for a similar period. Patients were evaluated before the trial, at three weeks, and at six weeks.The drug also improved psychotic behaviour. Possible side effects, which were generally mild, were noted in eight patients, of whom six had Parkinsonism and four drowsiness. None had side effects while on the placebo.The findings indicate that thiopropazate is of value in persistent dyskinesia associated with prolonged phenothiazine intake—a condition hitherto unresponsive to other treatment. Further research is required to determine the long-term effectiveness of the drug.     

A Pilot RCT of Psychodynamic Group Art Therapy for Patients in Acute Psychotic Episodes: Feasibility,Impact on Symptoms and Mentalising Capacity

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial of psychodynamic art therapy for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, and to generate preliminary data on the efficacy of this intervention during acute psychotic episodes. Fifty-eight inpatients with DSM-diagnoses of schizophrenia were randomised to either 12 twice-weekly sessions of psychodynamic group art therapy plus treatment as usual or to standard treatment alone. Primary outcome criteria were positive and negative psychotic and depressive symptoms as well as global assessment of functioning. Secondary outcomes were mentalising function, estimated with the Reading the mind in the eyes test and the Levels of emotional awareness scale, self-efficacy, locus of control, quality of life and satisfaction with care. Assessments were made at baseline, at post-treatment and at 12 weeks'' follow-up. At 12 weeks, 55% of patients randomised to art therapy, and 66% of patients receiving treatment as usual were examined. In the per-protocol sample, art therapy was associated with a significantly greater mean reduction of positive symptoms and improved psychosocial functioning at post-treatment and follow-up, and with a greater mean reduction of negative symptoms at follow-up compared to standard treatment. The significant reduction of positive symptoms at post-treatment was maintained in an attempted intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences regarding depressive symptoms. Of secondary outcome parameters, patients in the art therapy group showed a significant improvement in levels of emotional awareness, and particularly in their ability to reflect about others'' emotional mental states. This is one of the first randomised controlled trials on psychodynamic group art therapy for patients with acute psychotic episodes receiving hospital treatment. Results prove the feasibility of trials on art therapy during acute psychotic episodes and justify further research to substantiate preliminary positive results regarding symptom reduction and the recovery of mentalising function.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01622166","term_id":"NCT01622166"}}NCT01622166     

Inappropriate use of laboratory services: long term combined approach to modify request patterns.

OBJECTIVE--To see whether changes in request patterns for haematological tests could be influenced in the long term by information released from a haematology department. DESIGN--Analysis of request patterns by hospital divisions before and after intervention and of costs of intervention and savings achieved. SETTING--Haematology laboratory of an inner city district general hospital. INTERVENTIONS--Monthly release of a comparison of clinicians'' workload statistics, issue of on call guidelines, and promulgation of information (by seminars and factsheets) on appropriate use of tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Request patterns before and after intervention. RESULTS--During the year after intervention requests fell by at least a fifth, and the reduction persisted over the next two years. The reduction was most pronounced in relation to inpatients within the division of medicine, for whom requests fell from an average of 4.0 per patient in the six months before intervention to 2.9 per patient in the six months after. CONCLUSIONS--A definite and sustained reduction in inappropriate requests for laboratory investigations may be achieved by an ongoing policy of intervention including issuing guidelines and factsheets and holding seminars, but a positive attitude among senior consultant staff is crucial.     

心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响研究

目的:探讨心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:我院老年科、神经内科、康复医学科治疗的脑卒中并出现抑郁焦虑情绪障碍的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例,两组患者均入院以后给予脑血管药物进行常规治疗和日常功能训练;观察组同时给予心理干预并根据病情应用抗抑郁抗焦虑药物等。于干预前、干预后3个月、6个月、1年分别对两组患者用SCL-90量表、总体幸福感指数量表、Barthel指数量表对患者进行评估,并评估患者治疗依从性。结果:干预后,观察组SCL-90各因子评分及总分均较干预前明显降低(P0.05),对照组SCL-90各因子评分及总分与干预前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。干预前两组患者总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),干预后3个月、6个月和1年观察组总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者在治疗期间总体依从率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:心理干预能够有效的改善脑卒中患者早期康复病人抑郁和焦虑的情绪,提高患者治疗的依从性。     

心理健康教育对肺结核患者服药依从性的影响

目的：探讨心理护理及健康宣教对肺结核患者服药依从性的影响。方法：选取2011年5月～2012年4月于本院进行治疗的70例耐药性肺结核患者为研究对象,将70例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。对照组以常规护理进行干预,而观察组则以强化心理护理及出院前健康宣教进行干预。然后,对两组患者干预前后的1个月及2个月的疾病知识掌握程度及Morisky服药依从性量表评估结果进行比较。结果i观察组干预后1个月及2个月的疾病知识掌握程度及Morisky服药依从性量表评估结果均优于对照组,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：心理护理及出院前健康宣教对耐药性肺结核患者服药依从性的影响较大,为治疗效果的改善发挥了积极的作用。     

Psychoeducation and compliance in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia

Psychoeducation provides to the patient and his family members full information about schizophrenia and all aspects of the treatment. If the patient is not fully informed about the treatment and the side effects, there is a higher risk for discontinuation of the therapy without consulting his psychiatrist. Dicontinuation of the treatment is one of the main reasons for the relapse of schizophrenia. Aim of the study was to define wheter there are differences in compliance between two groups of patients, one who went through education about schizophrenia and the other group without the education about the disease. Group of 30 patients were during the hospitalisation educated about the schizophrenia and the treatment of the disease, while the control group of 30 patients were not educated. On the admission to the hospital, on the release from the hospital and after three months from the release from the hospital patients were rated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression, compliance was rated with Compliance Assessment Inventory, attitude towards drugs with Drug Attitude Inventory, and social functioning of the patients with Global Assessment of Functioning. Knowledge about the disease was assessed with specially disagned questionnaire with 12 questions. Results of our study show us the importance of education on the compliance, as well as on the positive attitude towards the drug treatment, which is one of the most important predictors of the successful treatment of the schizophrenia.     

Psychoeducational groups for youth attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family medicine pilot project

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorder of youth and is estimated to affect ～4% of school-age children. Although medication is the most common and efficacious treatment for ADHD, some experts believe that multimodal treatment strategies help children improve symptoms more than medicine alone. Psychoeducational strategies focus on educating youth and families about a given disorder. This study compared youth who participated with their parents in a five-session, one-hour psychoeducational group at a family medicine clinic and those who received customary treatment and were on a waiting list for the intervention. Findings of youth behaviour from parent and teacher perspectives were compared at the outset of the group and one month after group completion using the Vanderbilt scales. Results revealed that youth in both conditions improved over the two months of the study from the parent perspective in terms of all ADHD symptoms (e.g. inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) and in terms of school functioning. However, no gains were made in youth functioning or ADHD behaviour from the teacher perspective. Youth in the treatment group made modest gains in school performance from the parent perspective when compared with youth in the control condition. The results suggest that parents of ADHD youth should be involved in the treatment process to maximise the likelihood of improvement. Psychoeducational groups can be of modest benefit to help educate parents and youth regarding the challenges of ADHD management.     

Approches cognitivo-comportementales de groupe dans la prise en charge précoce de jeunes adultes schizophrènes

One hundred and fifty young psychotic adults are treated at the Montreal Sacré-c?ur hospital’s specialized clinic for the treatment of first psychotic episodes. The clinic’s principal objective is the early intervention in the development of the psychotic process to ultimately decrease the length of time the psychosis remains untreated and avoid the deterioration of the cognitive, relational and social functioning of these young adults. This objective is achieved through the establishment of an important and long lasting therapeutic relationship, the use of new-generation anti-psychotic drugs, family-oriented intervention and the participation in a group cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy program. This program is divided into five sub-programs according to a continuum of social and cognitive functioning, ranging from weak to strong. The therapeutic activities of every subprogram are developed stepwise, and their sequence is determined by the resolution of the first psychotic episode as well as by the social integration of the participants. In this article, the authors present the structure and the functioning of the clinic. They also present the organization, and the general objectives, of the program as well as the different cognitive and behavioural strategies aimed at resolving the principal problems encountered by young adults at the time of their first psychotic episodes.     

Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 variants in Henan, China

To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug na?ve AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14 ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug na?ve patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug na?ve patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively. The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT+DDI+NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence, provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible.     

Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 variants in Henan, China

To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug naive AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively.The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT DDI NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence,provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible.     

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled multicentre trial

Objective To determine the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy compared with placebo in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.Design Randomised, blinded, multicentre trial with parallel group design.Setting Nine hospitals and one outpatient clinic in Germany.Participants 272 patients with chronic plantar fasciitis recalcitrant to conservative therapy for at least six months: 135 patients were allocated extracorporeal shock wave therapy and 137 were allocated placebo.Main outcome measures Primary end point was the success rate 12 weeks after intervention based on the Roles and Maudsley score. Secondary end points encompassed subjective pain ratings and walking ability up to a year after the last intervention.Results The primary end point could be assessed in 94% (n=256) of patients. The success rate 12 weeks after intervention was 34% (n=43) in the extracorporeal shock wave therapy group and 30% (n=39) in the placebo group (95% confidence interval - 8.0% to 15.1%). No difference was found in the secondary end points. Few side effects were reported.Conclusions Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is ineffective in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.     

护理干预对系统性红斑狼疮患者激素治疗依从性的影响

目的:探讨护理干预对系统性红斑狼疮患者激素治疗依从性的影响。方法:选取应用糖皮质激素治疗系统性红斑狼疮的患者104例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各52例。对对照组患者应用常规的护理模式,而对研究组患者进行全程护理干预。根据患者对药物依从性的差异进行有针对性的护理。研究结果采用x2检验和t检验对结果进行分析,当P0.05有统计学意义。结果:研究组进行护理干预后,患者治疗的依从性及临床效果均明显高于对照组,并且研究组对相关知识的掌握情况明显高于对照组。结论:护理干预可提高患者对健康知识的认知及激素治疗的依从性,增强治疗效果、降低并发症的发生,从而提升患者的生活质量。     

甲亢低骨量患者131I治疗后干预治疗效果的评价

目的:研究甲亢低骨量患者131I治疗后干预治疗的效果。方法:对100例甲亢低骨量患者,随机分为两组:A组50例,131I治疗后口服钙尔奇D及罗盖全治疗;B组50例,131I治疗后骨质自然恢复。另设C组50例为正常对照组。于131I治疗前、治疗后3、6及12个月测定A、B两组骨密度(BMD),观察其骨质变化并评价治疗效果。结果:(1)A组随治疗时间延长BMD逐渐升高,具有一定的规律性,腰椎(L2-4)骨密度3个月提高明显(t=-2.111,P=0.04)且12个月时达到与C组无统计学差异(t=-2.290,P=0.202)。(2)B组3个月时腰椎BMD有所降低,12个月时升高明显(股骨颈t=-2.327,P=0.043;腰椎(L2-4)t=-2.798,P=0.000)。(3)6个月时两组腰椎骨密度改善幅度出现统计学差异(t=-2.416,P=0.018),12个月时差异显著(t=-3.259,P=0.002)。结论:131I联合钙尔奇D与罗盖全治疗甲亢低骨量患者,其恢复时间及疗效均用131I治疗,能有效防止骨量的进一步下降及减少骨质疏松症的发生。     

马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液联合拉坦前列素眼液对原发性开角型青光眼患者眼压的影响

目的:探讨马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液联合拉坦前列素眼液对原发性开角型青光眼患者眼压的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年5月在我院接受治疗的原发性开角型青光眼患者84例,其中给予马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液治疗的42例记为对照组,给予拉坦前列素眼液联合马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液治疗的42例记为观察组,两组均治疗6个月。对比两组患者治疗过程中的眼压变化情况,并对比两组患者的临床总有效率、药物依从性和并发症情况。结果:观察组治疗2、4、6个月后的眼压均显著低于对照组(P0.05),观察组患者治疗6个月后与治疗前的眼压差值大于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗2、4、6个月后的眼压呈下降趋势,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的临床总有效率95.24%显著高于对照组的80.95%(P0.05)。两组患者在治疗过程中结膜充血、眼内异物感、眼睛疼痛、视力模糊、味觉异常以及总并发症发生率对比差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组患者的药物依从性比例显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液联合拉坦前列素眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼患者具有较好的临床疗效,可显著降低患者眼压,同时具有较好的安全性,但药物依从性较差。     

Evaluation of a decision support system for initiation and control of oral anticoagulation in a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a computerised decision support system for initiation and control of oral anticoagulant treatment improves quality of anticoagulant control achieved by trainee doctors. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: District general hospital in North London. SUBJECTS: 148 inpatients requiring start of warfarin treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Management by trainee doctors (to achieve therapeutic range of international normalised ratio of 2 to 3) with indirect assistance from computerised decision support system (intervention group) or without such assistance (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median time to therapeutic range, stable dose, and first pseudoevent (excessive international normalised ratio after therapeutic range has been reached) and person time spent in the therapeutic range. RESULTS: 72 patients were randomised to the intervention group and 76 to control group. Median time to reach international normalised ratio of > or = 2 was not significantly different in the two groups (3 days). Median time to achieve a stable dose was significantly lower in intervention group than in controls (7 days v 9 days, P = 0.01) without excessive overtreatment or undertreatment with anticoagulant. Patients in intervention group spent greater proportion of time in therapeutic range, both as inpatients (59% v 52%) and outpatients (64% v 51%). CONCLUSION: The computerised decision support system was safe and effective and improved the quality of initiation and control of warfarin treatment by trainee doctors.