外源BoCAL基因对花椰菜花球形态发生的调节及其遗传

花椰菜和结球甘蓝是芸薹属甘蓝种的两个变种,前者的BoCAL基因发生提前终止突变而失去了原有的功能,而后者的BoCAL基因具有完整的编码区。在农杆菌的介导下,我们获得了BoCAL转基因花椰菜。T2代的遗传研究表明,外源BoCAL基因转入后花椰菜转基因植株都没有形成花球,而是只形成松散的由花蕾组成的绿色花序。这一结果说明,花椰菜BobCAL被甘蓝BoCAL互补了,转基因花椰菜因此失去了形成花球的能力。这些转基因植株自交到T3代时花序的形态特征与T2代一致,为松散的绿色花序,但是花序出现的时间与T1代相比提早了15天。将转基因花椰菜与野生型花椰菜杂交,结果发现杂交后代的植株形成夹杂有花蕾的花球,且花序出现的时间大大推迟,在播种后135天后才形成花球。     

外源BoCAL基因对花椰菜花球形态发生的调节及其遗传

花椰菜和结球甘蓝是芸薹属甘蓝种的两个变种,前者的BobCAL基因发生提前终止突变而失去了原有的功能,而后者的BoCAL基因具有完整的编码区。在农杆菌的介导下,我们获得了BoCAL转基因花椰菜。T_2代的遗传研究表明,外源BoCAL基因转入后花椰菜转基因植株都没有形成花球,而是只形成松散的由花蕾组成的绿色花序。这一结果说明,花椰菜BobCAL被甘蓝BoCAL互补了,转基因花椰菜因此失去了形成花球的能力。这些转基因植株自交到T_3代时花序的形态特征与T_2代一致,为松散的绿色花序,但是花序出现的时间与T_1代相比提早了15天。将转基因花椰菜与野生型花椰菜杂交,结果发现杂交后代的植株形成夹杂有花蕾的花球,且花序出现的时间大大推迟,在播种后135天后才形成花球。     

十字花科蔬菜基因组含量的测定与分析

以我国14种重要十字花科蔬菜为材料,利用流式细胞术测定基因组合量.其中青苤蓝、乌塌菜、雪里蕻、芥蓝的基因组含量属首次报道.本试验数据与国外文献提供的相关数据对比,发现青萝卜、结球甘蓝、青花菜和根用芥菜的基因组含量与已报道数值基本吻合,而大白菜、花椰菜的基因组含量值与报道数据存在差异.造成同一物种基因组含量值差异的因为可能是品种的不同,也可能与生长环境或测定时参考标准选用等因素不同有关.     

油菜中内源赤霉素嫁接转移研究

在温室条件下,将未春化的油菜接穗分别嫁接在已春化和未春化油菜砧木上,结果已春化油菜砧木上的接穗植株很快开花,而未春化砧木上的接穗植株不能开花,其主要原因是与已春化油菜砧木内源赤霉素含量高,并传递到接穗有关。     

与拟南芥春化作用相关的基因及其春化记忆模型

植物能感应春化并记住这一效应,且通过一系列的信号传导,最终调控开花。文章就拟南芥的春化相关的基因,春化记忆分子模型、春化记忆与开花调控途径以及与此不同的另一种春化记忆模型和小麦春化记忆分子机制的研究进展作了介绍。     

芸薹属植物发育过程中顶端结构的解剖学研究

本文采用解剖学方法研究花椰菜、青花菜、结球甘蓝和大白菜在生长发育过程中顶端分生组织结构的变化及之间存在的差异。结果显示它们的顶端分生组织结构都是由最初幼苗的原套-原体结构逐渐发育到过渡型分区结构、典型化五个分区结构,至开始进入生殖生长时期的四个分区结构(形成层状细胞区消失)。四种植物在进入生殖生长后,顶端分生组织细胞行为不同:大白菜和甘蓝顶端亚外套两侧细胞分裂分化形成顶生叶原基,在顶生叶原基内侧的细胞将进行分裂产生花序侧枝原基。花椰菜和青花菜顶端亚外套两侧细胞分裂形成花序分生组织,花序分生组织增生即为花球体;内部解剖结构表现为分生组织不断分裂增多的过程。这些结果为研究花序表型发生的解剖学本质及分子生物学研究分生组织发育方向奠定了基础。     

冬小麦春化相关基因cDNA(verc203)片段序列的分析

春化作用是高等植物发育的重要环节之一,它是受遗传控制的生理过程,人们对此现象已作了生态、生理和生化方面的研究（谭克辉1983）。认为植物茎尖生长点接受低温诱导后,会引起体内许多代谢途径和方式的顺序改变（种康和谭克辉1993）,可能导致春化相关基因启动表达。有人（Burn等1993）提出春化相关基因启动表达可能是基因脱甲基化结果的观点。但这一假说尚缺乏直接的强有力证据。违斌和谭克辉（199）系统地研究了冬小麦春化过程中核酸、蛋白质代谢与春化作用的直接相关关系和春化特异蛋白质代谢与特异性rnRNA出现的重要意义,确信春化…     

小麦春化发育的分子调控机理研究进展

春化发育特性是小麦品种的重要性状,直接影响着小麦品种的种植范围和利用效率.本文就小麦春化相关基因的发现,以及对春化相关基因VRN1、VRN2和VRN3的克隆、表达特性以及春化发育分子调控机理方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

植物春化特性及春化作用机理

春化作用是某些高等植物成花转变的重要环节,被认为是植物在低温诱导下促使其相关基因的表达,从而导致生理状态转变的一种受遗传控制的生理过程。本文对植物春化反应特性、春化作用的生理生化特性及春化作用的分子生物学等方面的研究进展进行了概述,并对春化研究中的问题进行了分析和展望。     

植物春化作用的分子机制及应用

植物能响应环境中的低温信号实现开花调控，这种经历低温促使植物开花的作用即为春化作用。本文结合国内外春化作用的研究进展，概述春化作用的发现和特点，阐述模式植物拟南芥及单子叶作物的春化作用分子机制，并举例说明春化作用在农业、园艺等方面的应用。     

Influence of various host plants on the consumption and utilization of food by Pieris brassicae (Linn.)

Pieris brassicae (Linn.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. It is present wherever its host plants occur, and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the affect of various host plants on the food consumption and utilization by P. brassicae. We quantified consumption of food, larval duration, pupal duration and weight on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and mustard (Brassica campestris) under laboratory conditions. Insect-host relationships can be better understood by knowing the rate of food consumption, its digestibility and conversion of food eaten to body tissue. The consumption of food generally increased with the advancement of larval age. In our study we found that consumption of food was highest on radish and lowest on broccoli. The highest consumption of a particular host does not always indicate greater suitability of that host, until and unless other factors like consumption index (CI), relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) are also considered. In the current investigation, factors like CI, RGR, ECI and ECD were highest on cabbage. Low body weight of pupa is associated with rapid development. On cabbage, the weight of pupa of both sexes was found lowest. Thus, from the present study, it can be concluded that cabbage is a more suitable host for P. brassicae than other host plants evaluated. Hence, on cabbage, the values of Waldbauer indices were highest and P. brassicae developed with a faster rate.     

芸苔属植物CAL基因的结构特征与花球的形态遗传

Cauliflower curd is composed structurally of a number of shortened shoots on which there are tremendous amount of naked apical meristems. The authors isolated four pure lines of different curd types from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) accessions: smooth curd (curd-s), haired curd (curd-h), crystal curd (curd-c) and thorned curd (curd-t). BobCAL genes was cloned separately from each pure line by PCR amplification and a termination mutation from AAG to TAG was found in the fifth exon of all four sequences, whereas DNA sequences of 638 bp upstream of the stop codons were identical, demonstrating that BobCAL is not the sole regulator of flower buds and cauline on curd. After crosses of cauliflower with cabbage (B.oleracea var. capitata) or broccoli (B.oleracea var. italica), the resultant F1 plants failed to form curd and had the diversity of inflorescence which implicates the relatedness of CAL to other regulators. One homologous gene of CAL, BcpCAL was isolated from Chinese cabbage (B.campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) and it was found not to have the termination mutation in the fifth exon, and thus the structure of BcpCAL gene was analyzed. The results offer molecular and genetic evidence for the study of biological function of CAL and morphological genetics of curd.     

Herbivore-Specific,Density-Dependent Induction of Plant Volatiles: Honest or “Cry Wolf” Signals?

Plants release volatile chemicals upon attack by herbivorous arthropods. They do so commonly in a dose-dependent manner: the more herbivores, the more volatiles released. The volatiles attract predatory arthropods and the amount determines the probability of predator response. We show that seedlings of a cabbage variety (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, cv Shikidori) also show such a response to the density of cabbage white (Pieris rapae) larvae and attract more (naive) parasitoids (Cotesia glomerata) when there are more herbivores on the plant. However, when attacked by diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae, seedlings of the same variety (cv Shikidori) release volatiles, the total amount of which is high and constant and thus independent of caterpillar density, and naive parasitoids (Cotesia vestalis) of diamondback moth larvae fail to discriminate herbivore-rich from herbivore-poor plants. In contrast, seedlings of another cabbage variety of B. oleracea (var. acephala: kale) respond in a dose-dependent manner to the density of diamondback moth larvae and attract more parasitoids when there are more herbivores. Assuming these responses of the cabbage cultivars reflect behaviour of at least some genotypes of wild plants, we provide arguments why the behaviour of kale (B. oleracea var acephala) is best interpreted as an honest signaling strategy and that of cabbage cv Shikidori (B. oleracea var capitata) as a “cry wolf” signaling strategy, implying a conflict of interest between the plant and the enemies of its herbivores: the plant profits from being visited by the herbivore''s enemies, but the latter would be better off by visiting other plants with more herbivores. If so, evolutionary theory on alarm signaling predicts consequences of major interest to students of plant protection, tritrophic systems and communication alike.     

Loss of residual activity of abamectin on foliage against adult hymenopteran parasitoids

The residual activity of abamectin against adult maleCotesia plutellae Kurdj. (Hym.:Braconidae) appeared to be markedly less on freshly sprayed Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis var. pekinensis cv Up Top) leaves compared with residues on glass. The residual activity of abamectin against adult maleDiadegma semiclausum Hellén (Hym.:Ichneumonidae) was also shown to decline rapidly on Chinese cabbage with no detectable activity remaining two days after spraying with concentrations in excess of the recommended field rates. The residual activity of abamectin against both species appeared to be consistently greater on Chinese cabbage compared with common cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata cv Wheeler’s Imperial).     

An Insect-Resistant Transgenic Cabbage Plant with Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor(CpTI) Gene

Cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene was transformed into Brassica oleracea var. capitara variety "Yingchun" and "Jingfeng" mediated by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pRCL27). Transgenic plants were obtained from transformed calli or explants. It was shown from the ELISA assay that NPT Ⅱgene was expressed in the transgenic cabbage cells. The integration of the CpTI gene into cabbage genome DNA was confirmed by Southem blotting. Insect-tolerance of the transgenic plants to Pieris rapae L. was observed by bioassays on the transgenic plants in the laboratory.