中国苔类孢子形态的研究

通过电镜扫描方法,研究了3个属9种的中国叶状体苔类植物:稀枝钱苔(Riccia huebeneriana Lindb.)、宽翅钱苔(R. hantamensis Perold.)、曲脊钱苔(R. cavernosa Hoffm.)、R. warnstorfii Limpr. ex Warnst.、小孢钱苔(R. frostii Aust.)、中华钱苔(R. chinensis Herz.)、东亚花萼苔(Asterella yoshinagana (Horik.) Horik.)、矮网花萼苔(A. sanguinia L. et L.)、背托苔(Preissia quadrata) (Scop.) Nees.).对上述种类的孢子形态特征进行了描述.研究发现,上述3属的孢子形态特征具有明显差异.而且同一属的孢子形态特征也存在差异,甚至可以作为种类划分的依据之一.同时采自不同地点的同一种类其孢子形态有时具微小的差别.这可能是由于生态环境差异所造成的.     

大叶苔属大陆新发现及棕色原丝薛中国新记录

作者在研究中国西南地区苔藓植物时, 发现了中国大陆一新记录属一大叶苔属(Scaphophyllum), 并首次报导了大叶苔(S. speciosum(Horik.)Inoue)的孢子体. 同时发现了中国藓类植物一新记录种一棕色原丝藓(Tetrodontium browniamum(Dicks.)Sohwaegr.).     

中国苔类新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)

报道产于西藏的中国苔类植物缺萼苔科缺萼苔1 个新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)。该种主要特征为植物体具残存但可辨别的腹叶, 有别于该科其它种类。     

中国光萼苔属一新种和一新变种（英文）

描述了光萼苔属的一个新种和一个新变种:卷瓣光萼苔Porella recurve-loba和多齿光萼苔全缘变种P.campylophylla(Lehm.Lindenb.)Trev.var.integra,它们分别采自中国甘肃和云南。提供了上述新分类群的描述和线条图,并且讨论了与它们形态相似种类之间的区别特征。     

桫椤科三种植物配子体发育的研究

用土壤培养桫椤Alsophila spinulosa(Wall.exHook.)R.M.Tryon、中华桫椤A.costularis Baker和白桫椤Sphaeropteris brunoniana(Hook.)R.M.Tryon的孢子,利用光学显微镜对其配子体发育的各个阶段进行了观察,包括孢子形态及其萌发、原丝体发育特点、片状体和生长点的形成及分化、假根特征、精子器和颈卵器的分化及发育,以及原叶体感染真菌后的显微特征。初步讨论了桫椤科不同属(种)间的配子体发育的系统学意义和有性世代的濒危原因。     

东亚分布合叶苔属(苔纲: 合叶苔科) 三种植物的比较和评估

对最近被Potemkin作为同一种处理的合叶苔属Scapania中东亚分布的三种即细齿合叶苔S. parvidens Steph.、弯瓣合叶苔S. parvitexta Steph.和灰绿合叶苔S. glaucoviridis Horik.的模式标本及相关标本进行了比较研究。结果表明, 它们仍应该作为三个独立不同的种来处理。对三个种的模式标本进行了绘图和描述, 并详细讨论了三种之间的区别。     

高领黄角苔孢子壁发育的超微结构研究

采用透射电镜技术对高领黄角苔(Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.)孢子发育过程进行超微结构研究。结果显示:(1)高领黄角苔成熟孢子壁由6层构成,由内到外依次是薄的内壁内层、厚而疏松的内壁外层、均质的外壁、薄的周壁1层、疏松层状的周壁2层、不连续的周壁3层;孢子表面的刺状和乳头状纹饰由外壁形成;孢壁的发育顺序为不完全向心型;从孢壁结构和发育顺序上看其与藓类植物相似。(2)在高领黄角苔孢子发育过程中出现初生外壁,它参与外壁的形成,这与苔类植物属同一类型,且其外壁的物质来源是外源的;孢子内质网和高尔基体参与其内壁的形成。(3)高领黄角苔孢子的周壁3层为不对称加厚的"三分层"状,与部分蕨类植物孢子周壁的结构特点具有一定的相似性,结合其周壁的复杂分层(3层),推测高领黄角苔周壁在苔藓植物中属于较进化的类型。     

西藏合叶苔属新资料

该文在对中国西藏色季拉山苔藓植物野外采集和鉴定的基础上,报道了西藏合叶苔属新资料。结果表明:合叶苔属植物共有13种,其中西藏新记录种2种,即厚边合叶苔(Scapania carinthiaca J.B. Jack)和东亚合叶苔(S. orientalis Steph. ex K. Müller);此外,还有色季拉山新记录种9种,分别为多胞合叶苔(S. apiculata Spruce)、刺边合叶苔(S. ciliata Sande Lac.)、短合叶苔[S. curta (Mart) Dumort.]、长尖合叶苔[S. glaucocephala (Taylor) Austin]、林地合叶苔[S. nemorea (L.) Grolle]、尼泊尔合叶苔(S. nepalensis Nees)、小合叶苔(S. parvifolia Warnst.)、弯瓣合叶苔(S. parvitexta Steph.)、粗疣合叶苔(S. verrucosa Heeg.)。同时,还对其中厚边合叶苔、东亚合叶苔和长尖合叶苔的形态特征和地理分布进行了描述,并提供了主要形态特征的照片。凭证标本存放于中国农业大学标本室(BAU)中。     

石山苣苔属(苦苣苔科)花形态演化及分类学意义

石山苣苔属(苦苣苔科)约30种,主要分布于我国南部的石灰岩地区.目前该属已知物种数虽少但花形态极其多样,是该科中分类最为困难的类群之一.基于分子证据,其它8个属中花形态迥异的一些物种被并入石山苣苔属.然而,该属花形态的演化趋势缺乏系统性的研究,传统分类对属的界定与分子系统学研究结果相矛盾的原因,以及是否有形态特征支持新界定的石山苣苔属还不清楚.该研究中,总共编码了19种石山苣苔属植物和9种报春苣苔属植物的35个形态特征,其中包括26个花部形态特征,在分子系统树上追踪了它们的演化路径.结果表明:无论属内还是属间,多数花部形态特征,尤其以往属的分类界定特征,在演化过程中变化频繁且发生了高度同塑性演化,这是导致传统形态分类不自然的关键因素.此外,在观察研究的所有特征中,花丝和柱头的差异可能在石山苣苔属植物共同祖先中经历了演变,或可用于区分石山苣苔属与其姐妹报春苣苔属的大多数种类.因此,在苦苣苔科植物的分类学研究中应当慎用这些花部性状作为分类依据,而且应对形态特征进行广泛地观察研究,在密集的取样和分辨率更高、更可靠的系统树上追踪它们的演化规律.更为重要的是,需要进一步研究导致复杂形态性状演化的内在分子调控机理和外在的自然选择动力,最终更加深入地理解石山苣苔属等典型喀斯特植物的演化过程和机理.     

凤尾蕨属配子体若干系统学特征新考

通过对凤尾蕨属(Pteris L.)8种,即半边旗(P.semipinnata L.)、傅氏凤尾蕨(P.fauriei Hieron.)、阔叶凤尾蕨(P.esquirolii Christ)、三叉凤尾蕨(P.tripartita Sw.)、蜈蚣草(P.vittata L.)、溪边凤尾蕨(P.excelsa Gaud.)、有刺凤尾蕨(P.setuloso-costulata Hayata)、西南凤尾蕨(P.wallichiana Agardh)孢子的人工培养,观察并总结了该属配子体发育各阶段形态特征,并与以往的观察结果进行比较.最终选取孢子萌发型与配子体发育类型等稳定特征作为判断依据,讨论该属与书带蕨科(Vittariaceae)、中国蕨科(Sinopteridaceae)、铁线蕨科(Adiantaceae)等科的亲缘关系.研究认为蕨类配子体生长点上方边缘细胞分布情况多变,不是稳定的系统学特征.而配子体特定部位边缘细胞的外侧壁形态则具有较高的系统学参考价值.     

福建种子植物地理分布新记录

报导了福建种子植物地理分布新记录种10个、属2个,其中华东地理分布新记录种有2个(全部标本存放于华东师范大学生物系标本室)     

中国伞形科天胡荽亚科果实解剖特征及其系统学意义

经对中国伞形科天胡荽亚科 (Hydrocotyloideae)中天胡荽属 (HydrocotyleL .)积雪草属 (CentellaL .)和马蹄芹属(DickinsiaFranch .) 10种植物果实解剖结构的观察比较 ,发现 3属的果实横切面以合生面为基准可以分成 2个类型 ,即两侧压扁类型 (天胡荽属和积雪草属 )和背腹压扁类型 (马蹄芹属 )。除此之外 ,中果皮的外侧是否有色素块沉积、内侧是否有木化细胞层或厚壁细胞层以及最内层是否形成晶体细胞层 ,内果皮细胞的层数、排列方向以及有无棱槽油管等性状 ,可以作为区分 3属的重要解剖学特征。在此基础上 ,结合外部形态特征 ,讨论了该亚科及其内部各属的解剖学特征、属间区别及其演化关系。认为马蹄芹属应归属于Mulineae族 ,另外 2个属应归属于天胡荽族(Hydrocotyleae) ;3属中积雪草属原始而马蹄芹属进化 ;天胡荽亚科可能不是自然的类群 ,它的分类系统和演化地位有待深入研究。     

Patterns of Root Colonization in Epacridaceous Plants Collected from Different Sites

Root colonization was studied in ten species of the Epacridaceaeat three sites in Victoria by morphological and cross-inoculationexperiments. The sites and genera chosen were Cranbourne [Epacrisimpressa Labill. andLeucopogon ericoides(Smith) R. Br.] andRye [L. parviflorus(Andrews) Lindley] on the Mornington Peninsula,and the Grampians[Astroloma conostephioides(Sond.) Benth.,A.humifusum(Cav.) R. Br.,A pinifolium(R. Br.) Benth,Brachylomadaphnoides(Smith) Benth.,E. impressa, E. impressavar.grandifloraBenth.andStyphelia adscendensR. Br.] in western Victoria. For morphologicalstudies, samples of roots from each species at each site werecleared and stained and examined microscopically. For cross-inoculationstudies, cuttings from each site were struck in potting mediuminoculated with soil from the same and other sites. The ericoidmycorrhizae in the roots of plants found at or grown in Cranbourneand Rye soils were similar. Both were significantly differentfrom the internal hyphae found in the roots of plants foundat or grown in Grampians soils, which were three times largerin diameter and formed dense coils which filled the host celland invaded adjacent epidermal cells. This suggests that morethan one fungus is involved in the relationships, that the MorningtonPeninsula sites had a different fungus from the Grampians siteand that host specificity is low. Vesicular structures werealso found commonly on plants at the Grampians site, in contrastwith other sites. Epacridaceae; root; fungus; mycorrhiza; morphology; inoculation     

Micromorphology of Scirpus (Cyperaceae) and related genera in south-west Europe

Glume surface, fruit surface, perianth bristles and pollen morphology in Scirpus L. and related genera from south-west Europe have been investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The results of this analysis confirm the heterogeneity of the group and provide further support to the current recognition of the genera Scirpus L., Bolboschoenus (Rchb.) Palla , Scirpoides Ség., Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla, Isolepis R.Br., Trichophorum Pers. and Blysmus Panz. as well as to a re-appraisal of subg. Actaeogeton (Rchb.) Oteng-Yeb. of Schoenoplectus .  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 145 , 45–58.     

The neotropical genera of Marantaceae. Circumscription and relationships

The delimitation of the neotropical genera of the Marantaceae has been revised, using evidence mainly from the morphology of inflorescences and flowers. It is concluded that the generic concepts of Schumann in "Das Pflanzenreich", often questioned by 20th century American authors, are essentially sound, but that his grouping of the genera into two tribes is quite artificial. Main deviations from the treatment of Schumann are the rearrangement of the genera, somewhat different stress on diagnostic characters and a much narrower concept of the genus Myrosma. A new genus, Koernickanthe is proposed for the long known species Maranta orbiculata (Koern.) Schum. The genera are arranged into informal groups and the groups and genera recognized are: Maranta group (Maranta L., Monophyllanthe Schum.), Myrosma group (Myrosma L. f., Saranthe (Regel et Koern.) Eichl., Hylaeanthe Jonker et Jonker, Ctenanthe Eichl., Stromanthe Sond.), Calathea group (Calathea G. F. W. Meyer, lschnosiphon Koern., Pleiostachya Schum.), Monotagma group (Monotagma Schum., Koernickanthe gen. nov.) and Thalia "group" (Thalia L.). It is suggested, that each group has its closest affinities with Old World genera and that this indicates that the diversification of the marantaceous stock was far–reaching already before the Old and the New World became effectively isolated. It is further suggested that the early diversification of the family took place in Africa, the flora of which, although poor in species, is morphologically very diverse. Two new combinations are made, viz. Stromanthe stromanthoides (Macbr.) Anderss. and Koernickanthe orbiculata (Koern.) Anderss.     

安徽植物增补及地理新分布II

本文第二次增补《安徽植物志》未记入的植物22种5变种。其中20种3变种为安徽地理新分布, 3属(白屈菜属、离子芥属和石莲属)为安徽地理新分布属。本文所引用的植物标本,全部收藏于安微大学资源植物标本室。     

贵州植物区系增补

本文报道了贵州种子植物地理分布新记录属6个,新记录种14个,新记录变种1个。     

Il sospensore embrionale nelle Cruciferae. I. Morfologia e struttura

Abstract

Embryo suspensor in Cruciferae. I. Morphology and structure. — Embryo suspensors in seven species of Cruciferae (Alyssum argenteum All., Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus, Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC., Eruca sativa Miller, Lepidium graminifolium L., Matthiola tricuspidata (L.) R. Br.) were morphologically investigated. These species have significant differences in their seeds, so that probable differences could be found in the structure of their ovules and therefore of their suspensors. Results indicate that it is impossible to generalize on the suspensor morphology and structure even in the same family. In Eruca sativa and Brassica nigra polyploidy and polyteny were found, suggesting a probably important metabolic function of their suspensors. In the other species polyteny was not present; a various degree of polyploidy could probably be assumed, suggesting a less active function of suspensors, maybe absorption and transport of nutritive material from the integuments to the developing embryo. The development of the endosperm is almost the same in all species, so that seems to be improbable a negative correlation with the suspensor and endosperm function in the early embryogenesis.     

A preliminary RAPD-PCR analysis of Cimicifuga species and other botanicals used for women''s health.

Traditional taxonomic methods of botanical identification that rely primarily on morphological observations cannot be used efficiently when only powdered plant materials are available. Thus, our objectives were to determine if we could apply a molecular approach to: a) produce unique DNA profiles that are characteristic of the species, and b) determine if the geographical area or time of collection influences these DNA profiles. Towards this end, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed on a number of botanicals currently used for women's health. The test materials included samples from three species each of the genera Cimicifuga (Actaea) and Trifolium, as well as samples of Vitex agnus-castus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Gingko biloba L., Valeriana officinalis L., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Viburnum prunifolium L., Humulus lupulus L., Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. and Trifolium pratense L. are currently under clinical investigation in our basic research laboratories and medical clinic for the relief of post-menopausal symptoms. Characteristic profiles produced with the OPC-15 primer could distinguish the three Cimicifuga species: C. racemosa, C. americana and C. rubifolia. Similar results were obtained with the three Trifolium species: Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium incarnatum L., and Trifolium repens L. Accessions of cultivated T. pratense collected from the same field at different times, produced identical profiles. Accessions of Cimicifuga species collected from different geographical areas produced similar but not identical DNA profiles; however, species-specific DNA fragments were identified. These results demonstrate that RAPD analysis can be applied to distinguish species when only powdered material is available for testing. This methodology can be applied to identify species of commercial value regardless of collection time or geographic area.     

Reappraisal of the generic status of Pteroxygonum (Polygonaceae) on the basis of morphology,anatomy and nrDNA ITS sequence analysi

Gross morphology, fruit anatomy, tepal venation, pollen morphology, chromosome number and ITS sequence of Pteroxygonum Damm. & Diels as well as other related genera (Polygonum, Fallopia, Reynoutria, Fagopyrum, and Antenoron) have been investigated to evaluate the generic status of Pteroxygonum. Pt. giraldii Damm. & Diels has three sharp horns at the base of fruit, which is distinctive among all the genera investigated. Upon observation of fruits under a light microscope (LM), the exocarp of Pt. giraldii is usually thickened and delimited by the rectangular cells with some sporadic undulating lumen, while that of Fagopyrum is thin-walled and isodiametric to rectangular in the cell shape. Analysis of tepal venation was performed under a stereomicroscope, and two types of tepal venation were found in Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The type I is trifid, observed in Pt. giraldii, F. esculentum Moench, F. dibotrys (D. Don) Hara and F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. The type II, found in F. caudatum (Sam.) A. J. Li, F. urophyllum (Bur. & Franch.) H. Gross and F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Damm. ex Diels, has the main vein extending from tepal base with some secondary veins. Evidence from tepal venation supports the previous classification in which Fagopyrum can be divided into a large-achene group and a small-achene group. Pollen morphology was investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The exine ornamentation of Pt. giraldii was finely reticulate with lumina diameter wider than muri width. The exine ornamentation in all the examined Fagopyrum species is, however, prominently sunken punctuate. The phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) ITS sequences in Pteroxygonum and related genera indicated that all the species form a well-supported monophyletic group with two clades. One includes Polygonum sect. Avicularia Meisn., genus Fallopia and genus Reynoutria, and the other consists of other sections of Polygonum, genus Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The latter clade can be divided into two subclades. Fagopyrum species compose the first one, while Pteroxygonum giraldii, species of Polygonum (except sect. Avicularia) and Antenoron form the second one. In consideration of the above evidence, we conclude that Pteroxygonum is an independent genus in tribe Persicarieae, and should not be merged into the genus Fagopyrum.