苦草属植物雄花果实种子显微结构的研究

苦草属植物体外部形态相似,叶线行或带形,野外难以直接鉴定到种,而雄花雄蕊数目、果实和种子的显微结构是苦草属(Vallisneria)植物物种的鉴别性特征之一。苦草属物种的雄花小,仅有1.5 mm,人工解剖雄花观察方法难以实现雄花雄蕊数目的识别;本研究采用雄株雄佛焰苞水培预培养技术获取自然开放的雄花并利用解剖学显微镜对3种苦草属植物雄花、果实和种子进行了解剖观察和研究。显微结构观察表明,苦草(V. natans)雄蕊1枚,果实圆柱形,表面光滑,种子无翅,具纵条纹;刺苦草(V. spinulosa)雄蕊2枚,果实三棱形,棱上具刺,种子具翅;密刺苦草(V. denseserrulata)雄蕊2枚,果实三棱圆柱形,表面光滑,种子无翅。依据文献,密刺苦草、刺苦草、长梗苦草(V. longipedunculata)和安徽苦草(V. anhuiensis)是安徽苦草属新分布记录种,其中长梗苦草和安徽苦草是分布于安徽的新种。     

中国苦草属(Vallisneria)植物命名考及区分要点

由于苦草属(Vallisneria L.)植物的繁殖器官微小,营养器官相似且变异较大,使该属植物的鉴定和命名较混乱。笔者通过对有关文献的考证和长期跟踪观察,对我国记载的苦草属3种植物——苦草(Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara)、刺苦草(V. spinulosa Yan)、密刺苦草(V. denseserrulata Makino)的命名历史进行了梳理,并对这3种植物的形态特征进行了详细描述。根据种间形态差异,可为苦草属植物的分类鉴定和相关研究提供一定的参考。     

中国苦草属(Vallisneria)植物命名考及区分要点

由于苦草属（Vallisneria L.）植物的繁殖器官微小,营养器官相似且变异较大,使该属植物的鉴定和命名较混乱。笔者通过对有关文献的考证和长期跟踪观察,对我国记载的苦草属3种植物——苦草（Vallisneria natans（Lour.）Hara）、刺苦草（V.spinulosa Yan）、密刺苦草（V.denseserrulata Makino）的命名历史进行了梳理,并对这3种植物的形态特征进行了详细描述。根据种间形态差异,可为苦草属植物的分类鉴定和相关研究提供一定的参考。     

我国三种苦草的比较形态观察

苦草属(Vallisneria)在我国分布广,蕴藏量大,目前已发表的种类有苦草(V.spiralis L.)密齿苦草(V.denseserrulata(Makino)Makino)刺苦草(V.spinulosa Yan),亚洲苦草(V.asiatica Miki),大苦草(V.gigantea Gtaco.)(产台湾),但对这5种植物仅在宏观的形态特征方面作一般描述,微观方面的资料尚感欠缺。本文特对密齿苦草、刺苦草和亚洲苦草作较详细论述。为了核实野外所采标术雌雄株配对是否正确和进一步深入研究,我们对每种苦草只用同一果实的种子在室内进行播种培植,以观察比较它们之间各个发育阶段的形态特征。此外,还利用扫描电子显微镜对其雄花、花粉粒和种子进行了观察研究。结果表明:亚洲苦草的雄花仅有1枚发育雄蕊;花中无退化雄蕊和退化花瓣;果实长园柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形。种皮上有许多腺毛,而密齿苦草和刺苦草的雄花均具2枚发育雄蕊,花中各有1枚退化雄蕊和退化花瓣。但前者的果实是三棱状长柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形,无毛状或翅状突起物。而后者的果实虽仍为长柱状三棱形,但各条棱上有小刺状突起;种子倒卵形,有5—2翅。     

长江中下游湖泊两种混生苦草属植物生活史特征与共存分布格局

 在对长江中下游流域湖南、湖北、江西和安徽4省25个湖泊苦草属(Vallisneria)植物种群进行广泛的取样调查、鉴定和查明种间共存格局的基 础上,结合同园种植实验,对该属两个混生近缘种刺苦草(V. spinulosa)和苦草(V. natans)有性和无性生活史特征进行了定量测定和比较研究 ,探讨了种间生活史差异对种间共存格局的影响。结果表明：1)刺苦草是长江中下游湖泊的优势物种,苦草为常见种,而密刺苦草(V. denseserrulata)仅有很少分布;2)苦草和刺苦草常混生于这些湖泊中,形成共存分布格局：刺苦草和苦草种间呈明显的的带状相间分布格局, 或苦草只零星分布于刺苦草群落中;3)刺苦草和苦草有性和无性生活史特征显著不同：刺苦草为多年生,主要以无性繁殖为主,只有有限的有 性繁殖投入;相反,苦草在调查的地区为一年生,以有性繁殖为主,只进行微弱的克隆生长,且不能产生克隆繁殖器官(冬芽)。刺苦草和苦草 在有性和无性繁殖生活史对策上的权衡,导致种间资源利用和竞争能力的分异而使这两个近缘种得以共存。     

《中国唐松草属植物》

正书号:9787301298176定价:128元出版时间:2018年9月【图书简介】《中国植物志》第27卷(1979)中收载了唐松草属的67种,英文版Flora of China(2001)中收载了唐松草属的76种。至2017年我国唐松草属的种已经增至98种,急需进行修订,此即为编写《中国唐松草属植物》的主要目的。在编写本书过程中,作者王文采院士又发现并首次定名了定结唐松草、希陶唐松草、亚东唐松草3个种。本书作者王文采院士对中国唐松草属的演化和分类方面的新贡献,与过去的德国专家Prantl(1887)、美国专家B. Boivin(1994)和日本专家     

中国榆科植物系统分类研究综述

榆科 (Ulmaceae)植物 1 6属近 2 30种 〔1〕,广布于世界温带及热带地区 ,主产北温带 〔2～ 4〕。榆科具高度稳定性和适应性 ,现存的各属、组及主要种早于新世即已存在。据化石孢粉学分析 ,第三纪时 ,我国东北、华北及西北就有榆科分布。我国现共有榆科植物 8属 ,分别为榆属 (Ulmus) ,朴属 (Celtis) ,糙叶树属(Aphananthe) ,山黄麻属 (Trema) ,白颜树属 (Gironniera) ,榉属 (Zelkova) ,刺榆属 (H emiptelea)和青檀属(Pteroceltis) ,46种 1 0变种 ,分布遍及全国 〔1〕。Mirbel最初描述榆科时 ,只有榆属和朴属 〔5〕,以后逐渐增多。但自此…     

中国贝母属拾遗

百合科贝母属(Fritillaria)国产种类,自从“中药贝母名实考订”〔植物分类学报15(2):31—45,1977〕一文和中国植物志第14卷(1980)出版以来,相继发表了一些新种,如裕民贝母(F.yuminensis Y.Z.Duan)、中华贝母(F.sinica S.C.Chen)和安徽贝母(F.anhuiensis S.C.Chen et S.F.Yin)等。作者在鉴定和整理有关标本中,亦陆续发现一些新分类群,同时有些种类的划分也存在一些问题,需要进一步讨论。为此写成本文,以作为对中国植物志百合科贝母属的补充与订正。 1.大金贝母 新种 图1,1—5     

猪殃殃叶与托叶的商讨

猪殃殃(Galiumaparinevar.tenerum）属于茜草科猪殃殃属植物,为一年生蔓生草本,茎四校形,棱上和叶背中脉处及叶缘均有倒生细刺,是一种荒地、园圃中的常见杂草。关于猪殃殃的叶,一般都认为是4～8片轮生,如《中国高等植物图鉴》第四册、《江苏植物志》下册、《浙江植物志》第六卷等有关猪殃殃形态特征的描述中都这样认为。但在实际观察时,我们发现这轮生的几片叶状结构不是都有腋芽发生,而总是在处于棱角处的相对的两叶腋处能发生腋芽,上下相邻的节上是另外一对（即转过90度角）处于棱角上的叶可发生腋芽。经过多次不同地点、不同时…     

百合科两个分类群学名的订正

笔者在编研《中国生物物种名录》第1卷第3分册(百合科——五桠果科)的过程中,发现百合科两个物种在《中国植物志》和Flora of China中均使用了错误的名称,需要做出新处理。其中,有斑百合的正确名称应为Lilium concolor var.pulchellum(Fisch.)Baker,而非《中国植物志》使用的晚出等名Lilium concolor var.pulchellum(Fisch.)Regel,黄花油点草的正确名称应为Tricyrtis maculata(D.Don)J.F.Macbr.,而非Flora of China使用的Tricyrtis pilosa Wall.。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.