松花型花椰菜主要品种鉴定的分子标记分析

利用RAPD、ISSR和SRAP 3种分子标记对我国南方地区松花型花椰菜主栽品种进行鉴定,分析了品种间的遗传多样性。3种标记共产生370条扩增带,238条为多态性条带,其多态率为64.32%。其中只有SRAP标记的引物m e1/em1可将20个品种全部鉴别。遗传相似系数分析表明,松花型花椰菜品种之间的亲缘关系较近,遗传背景比较狭窄。聚类分析表明品种间的亲缘关系与熟性、地理分布相关。研究表明,分子标记能有效地应用于花椰菜品种鉴定,且综合多种分子标记分析品种间的遗传多样性将更加准确可靠。     

鸡蛋营养品质评价的研究进展

目的：对鸡蛋的营养价值进行评价。方法：综述了鸡蛋中蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质、生物活性物质组成及对人类健康的重要性,以及通过蛋鸡日粮营养改善生产营养强化蛋的研究进展。结果：明确了鸡蛋的优质、功能营养评价指标体系,为鸡蛋产业健康发展和安全消费提供技术支撑。结论：鸡蛋具有理想的氨基酸组成和高营养价值,并含有多样化的成分,将来鸡蛋产业将不断朝着营养化、健康化、标准化的方向发展。     

鳜肌肉生化成份分析和营养品质评价

级Sinipercachuatsi（Basilewsky）属护形目、脂科鱼类。终生以活鱼虾为食。随着人工繁殖和苗种培育技术的日臻完善,级人工养殖逐渐向规模化发展。分析鳅肌肉生化组成成份,旨在充实鱼类营养学,并为级人工配合饲料的研制提供理论依据,也是评价级肉质优劣的重要依据。为此,进行了鳅、鲢、据和草鱼肌肉生化成份分析和鳅肌肉营养品质的评价。回材料与方法回．回材料所用鳅采自广东省南海市仙溪水库红鱼场,体重0．2—0．7kg,共计10尾;鲢、统和草鱼从湖北省水产良种场采购,体重分别为：035—11kg,0．9—14kg和1．0—1．skg。材料鱼的处…     

薇菜干的营养品质分析

薇菜干的营养品质分析王谋强,励启腾（贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵阳５５０００６）关键词薇菜干;紫萁;营养品质ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｄｒｉｅｄｙｏｕｎｇｆｒｏｎｄｏｆＯｓｍｕｎｄａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＴｈｕｎｂ．￥Ｗ...     

甘肃省谷子地方品种营养品质的分析与评价

对甘肃省199份谷子地方品种子粒的营养品质分析结果表明:蛋白质和脂肪的平均含量较高,品种间差异大,变异丰富;不同地区谷子品种的营养品质存在差异,陇东地区谷子蛋白质和脂肪含量较高;不同粒色谷子营养品质也存在差异,青色籽粒的谷子其蛋白质、脂肪和赖氨酸含量较高。     

甘肃省谷子地方品种营养品质的分析与评价

对甘肃省199份谷子地方品种子粒的营养品质分析结果表明：蛋白质和脂肪的平均含量较高,品种间差异大,变异丰富;不同地区谷子品种的营养品质存在差异,陇东地区谷子蛋白质和脂肪含量较高;不同粒色谷子营养品质也存在差异,青色籽粒的谷子其蛋白质、脂肪和赖氨酸含量较高。     

水稻营养品质的改良

稻米是我国的主要食粮 ,但其蛋白质含量低、营养不够全面 ,满足不了人们对营养的需求。长期以来 ,人们一直采用传统的育种方法来选育高蛋白质的水稻新品种 ,但收效不大。近年来 ,水稻遗传转化技术的飞速发展和不断完善 ,应用生物技术改良水稻营养品质已逐步变为现实 ,并显示出诱人的前景。综述了利用生物技术进行水稻营养品质改良的途径、研究进展 ,并指出在水稻营养品质改良中存在的问题及解决途径。     

西藏近缘野生大麦主要营养品质鉴定评价

对1022份西藏近缘野生大麦种质资源的主要营养品质性状进行了测定,了解了其籽粒的蛋白质、赖氨酸、总淀粉的含量状况,筛选出一批高蛋白质、高赖氨酸的优质资源,为我国大麦优质育种提供物质基础。     

稻米蒸煮营养品质性状的遗传研究进展

稻米品质越来越成为我国稻米市场的决定因素。本对包括稻米直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量和氨基酸的遗传,以及对上述品质性状间及其与某些农艺性状间的相关性进行了综述。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cauliflower,Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

We have developed an efficient and simpler method for genetic transformation and regeneration of cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis plants. Explants from 4-day old seedlings were inoculated and cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring a binary vector with the neomycin phosphotransferase-II gene under the regulatory control of nopaline synthase promoter and terminator sequences, permitting transformed shoots to be selected on kanamycin containing medium. After three months rooted transformed plantlets were successfully transferred and grown under glasshouse conditions. Higher numbers of transformed plants were obtained from cotyledon than hypocotyl explants, presumably indicating cotyledons of cauliflower are more amenable to genetic transformation. Integration and expression of the introduced transgene were analysed by DNA gel blot and PCR analysis and NPT-II expression assay. Factors influencing transformation efficiency include explant age, concentration of bacterium used for infection, duration of infection and cocultivation with Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants of three commercial genotypes of cauliflower were produced using this method. We also show that introduction of antisense Bcp1 (pollen-specific gene) linked to a pollen-specific promoter (Lat52) resulted in the expected sterility of 50% pollen carrying this transgenic construct.     

结球甘蓝和青花菜小孢子胚植株再生

结球甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var.capitata）和青花菜（Brassica oleracea var.italica）小孢子胚再生植株频率低是目前影响游离小孢子培养技术有效应用的关键问题之一,研究其小孢子胚植株再生频率的影响因素,提高胚再生植株频率,对促进游离小孢子培养技术在甘蓝类蔬菜育种中更好地应用具有重要意义。该文以结球甘蓝中甘11和青花菜TI-111等基因型为试材,对影响游离小孢子胚再生成植株的固体培养基类型、琼脂浓度、胚的类型及胚在液体培养基中的滞留时间等因素进行了研究。结果表明：游离小孢子培养25天的子叶胚在琼脂浓度为1%–1.25%的B5培养基上植株再生频率最高。进一步通过8个不同基因型对上述实验结果进行了验证,结果显示,游离小孢子培养25天的子叶胚在1%琼脂浓度的B5培养基上植株再生频率达77.8%–97.2%。     

Evaluation of Abiotic Stress Resistance in Mutated Populations of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

An efficient in vitro screening method has been developed for cauliflower to create NEU and NMU induced mutant lines selected on hydroxyproline containing medium. Mutant lines and control plants were sub-cultured many times on maintenance medium and stored at 5°C for 2 years and then tested for salt and hydroxyproline resistance as in vitro and in vivo plants. In vitro shoot tips were also sub-cultured to media containing hydroxyproline and NaCl for 28 days and then assessed for their leaf proline content. Non-acclimated and acclimated in vivo plants were also assessed for resistance to freezing. Populations of control and selected lines were created by mass pollination and subsequently tested for their NaCl and frost resistance. Control plants had little or no NaCl or hydroxyproline resistance whilst selected plants showed varying degrees of resistance. In vitro and in vivo responses of selected lines were correlated. Leaf proline content was increased markedly in the mutant lines and the greatest proline contents occurred following NaCl stress with the most respondent line having 100-fold levels compared to the controls. Both non-acclimated and acclimated selected lines showed improved frost resistance over controls. Improvements in frost resistance were heritable but improvements in NaCl resistance were not. The results clearly demonstrated that NaCl, frost and hydroxyproline resistance were stable traits over repeated in vitro sub-cultures and prolonged low temperature storage. A complete range of mutants with single, double or triple resistance traits were produced. The level of resistance however was not necessarily correlated with the level of proline and some lines showed resistance without elevated proline. It is concluded that elevated proline is not essential for improved resistance to abiotic stress in cauliflower, but where it does occur it does improve resistance.     

结球甘蓝游离小孢子胚胎发生

以结球甘蓝品种“强夏”为材料进行游离小孢子培养,对与胚胎发生关系密切的因子进行探讨。研究结果表明,在盛花前期取材最适宜;单核晚期至双核期的小孢子才能发育成胚状体;含17%蔗糖的培养液在培养初期有利于小孢子存活;培养3d后胚胎诱导则以14％蔗糖浓度为最好;高浓度（17％）蔗糖培养3d后添加低浓度（11％）蔗糖培养液能大大提高胚胎发生能力,比一直在14％蔗糖培养液培养的提高282．4％,比更新培养液培养的提高126．1％。     

羽衣甘蓝种子主要品质性状的表现及其相关性

随机挑选148份羽衣甘蓝种质资源和高世代材料,分析了成熟种子的含油量、蛋白质、硫苷和7种主要脂肪酸成分的表现特征及其相关性。结果表明:羽衣甘蓝成熟种子平均含油量为29.48%,平均蛋白质含量为45.13%,含油量和蛋白质总量为74.61%。硫苷含量的变幅最大,变异系数为31.72%。7种主要脂肪酸成分中,油酸和芥酸的含量较高,其次为亚油酸,棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量较低。除硫苷含量和硬脂酸含量外,其余9个性状的表现均呈单峰正态分布。相关性分析表明,大多数性状间都具有显著或极显著的相关性,这与对甘蓝型、白菜型和芥菜型3种类型油菜的研究结果相一致。在羽衣甘蓝中存在一些优异的种质资源,通过筛选可以在油菜优质育种中加以利用。     

甘蓝和青花菜杂种小孢子培养

对甘蓝(Brassicaoleraceavar.capitata)×青花菜(Brassicaoleraceavar.italica)的20个杂种及相应的父母本进行游离小孢子培养,并对影响甘青杂种小孢子胚胎发生的主要因子进行探讨,适于小孢子培养的培养基为1/2NLN,附加0.5mgL-1NAA、0.05mgL-1BA、5mgL-1AgNO3、0.2mgL-12,4-D和0.1mgL-1活性炭。结果有14个杂种能产生胚状体,诱导率70%;不同杂种间小孢子胚胎发生频率存在很大差异,最高的是绿洲808×夏宝,平均每蕾16.2个胚。诱导杂种胚状体发生的最佳时期是小孢子单核靠边期至双核期,34℃热激2d有利于小孢子细胞对称分裂。在含糖170gL-1的液体培养基中培养3d,添加低糖(含糖110gL-1)的培养液,可显著提高出胚率。     

芥蓝植株再生体系的优化

采用正交设计方法对影响芥蓝植株再生体系的因素进行了优化研究,结果表明：影响芥蓝植株再生的最主要因素是外植体类型,其次依次为NAA,BAP,蔗糖和AgNO3。结果进一步显示,最利于芥蓝再生植株的培养基条件为：MS BA P2mg／L NAA0．03mg／L 1％蔗糖 AgNO3 7．0mg／L 0．8％琼脂,最适宜的外植体类型为下胚轴,植株再生频率高达97．5％。     

A study of factors affecting anther culture of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

Experiments on three autumn-heading cauliflower genotypes (2 hybrids and a genotype selected from a population) were conducted to study different factors affecting anther culture. Culture conditions of the donor plants proved to be important: the best results were obtained during spring in a greenhouse where the temperature was maintained between 10 and 20°C. Overall winter and spring seemed more suitable than summer and early autumn for culture establishment. The optimal bud development stage depended on the genotype: for the hybrid 702, the greatest number of embryos for 100 plated anthers was obtained at the uninucleate pollen stage of the microspores; for V23.2 and 703, the optimal stage of the buds corresponded to the first mitotic division. Sucrose proved to be the best carbon supply for embryogenesis with an optimal concentration of 140 g l^-1. The addition of a cytokinin (BAP) in the medium led to lower embryo production, and this negative effect increased when the hormone concentration in the medium increased. The use of liquid medium and a dark incubation period immediately after the high temperature treatment were favourable for embryogenesis.     

Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Savoy Cabbage(Brassica oleracea L. var. subauda)

Protoplasts of savoy cabbage (Brassica olleracea L. var. subauda), "SA61" (SV), were isolated from leaves and hypocotyls of seedlings grown in vitro, in enzyme mixture containing 2% cellulase (Onozuka R-10) and 0.8% macerozyme RI0. Good results of protoplast collection were obtained by using 18% and 17% sucrose solution floating leaf protoplasts and hypocotyl protoplasts respectively, and centrifugalizing with the rate of 500 r/min. All the collected protoplasts were cultured in 5 different liquid media from which the best results were observed on DPD1 medium for leaf protoplasts and on MS1 medium for hypocotyl protoplasts, with the highest cell division rate and planting efficiency. About 2 weeks of cultures, many cell clusters and a few embryo-like structures were visualized. The cell clusters developed into visible microcalli in 20-30 days and grew up to 1 mm or so in dimeter about 40 days of culture. For growth, the calli were transferred to 7 different agar media and from which two suitable media, MB2 and MB3, were selected. Cultured for 40-50 days, the calli grew up, and were transferred to 4 solid media for organ differentiation. Ideal results of shoot regeneration were obtained on MS, medium. About 2 weeks after rooted on the MS medium without any auxin, intact plants were regenerated.     

Selection for high and low thiocyanate ion content in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

In 1978 genetical variation for thiocyanate ion (SCN-) was found in a kale population being selected for improved digestible organic-matter yield. Four generations of half-sib family selection for high and low SCN^- content in young leaves resulted in subpopulations with almost a twofold difference in their means, no overlap in their distributions, no observable reduction in their genetical variation, and only small differences in other traits. The total observed divergence in SCN^-content was 82% of that expected for a random mating population in linkage equilibrium in the absence of genotype x environment interactions. Average heritability on a single plot basis was low, namely 30%, but was increased to 46% with two replicates. This maximised the predicted response to selection for a fixed number of families selected and a fixed total number of plots.
Bulks of the high and low subpopulations were assessed in a trial in 1988. Averaged over September and December harvests of young and mature leaves, SCN- contents were 104.5 and 58.5 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Of eight controls, cv. Merlin had the lowest content, 63.5, and cv. Proteor had the highest content, 89.6. Cultivar x harvest date, cultivar x leaf age and cultivar x harvest date X leaf age interactions were removed by a logarithmic transformation of the data. Stem contents were very low and variable with an overall mean of 10.9 in September and > 5 in December, and no significant differences between cultivars or populations.
The subpopulations will be valuable for research into possible effects of SCN content on the disease and pest resistance of kale and on the performance of animals fed kale.