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1.
Summary Eleven newArizona serotypes (1,3∶17, 20; 9∶1, 2, 10; 9∶1, 2, 36; 10∶1, 2, 36; 12∶23∶28; 14∶1, 2, 6; 18∶1, 3, 11; 19∶16, 17, 18; 20∶23∶21; 22∶13,
14; and 24∶24∶31) are described. With the exception of two strains (18∶1, 3, 11 and 24∶24∶31) isolated from the feces of asymptomatic
persons, the organisms were derived from definite episodes of enteric, focal, or generalized infections. Types 1,3∶17, 20
and 10∶1, 2, 36 were isolated from blood cultures and type 22∶13, 14 from the blood, spinal fluid, and cerebral abscesses
in a fatal case of meningoencephalitis. 相似文献
2.
Summary A newSalmonella typeS. artis 56∶b∶-with a hitherto undescribed O-antigen was isolated from a lizzard. The new O-antigen is identical withArizona O-antigen 14. 相似文献
3.
Summary Three new Arizona serotypes (5∶29∶30; 16∶22∶34; and 20∶29∶25) are described. All were isolated from the feces of apparently
normal snakes in a zoo. The 16∶22∶34 type produced indol and the 20∶29∶25 type failed to liquefy gelatin. Otherwise, the cultures
possessed biochemical characteristics typical of the Arizona group. The details of the serologic reactions of the cultures
are described. 相似文献
4.
The predatory miteAmblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) is an important biological control agent for thrips in commercial greenhouses, but its effectiveness in fall and
winter is limited by reproductive diapause induced under short day conditions. Influence of photoperiod and temperature on
diapause induction was investigated to provide information for successful management of the predator. Under 8∶16 (L∶D) photoperiods
and 22°C photophase temperatures, diapause incidence was inversely related to scotophase temperature, decreasing from 100%
diapause at 15°C to no diapause at 21°C. In continuous darkness, diapause was induced by thermoperiods of 20∶10 and 22∶17
and 22∶17 but not 25∶15°C (T∶C) (8h thermophase). Critical daylength for inducing diapause under 22∶17°C (T∶C) was 12.45 h,
which was consistent with the trend in diapause incidence in mites collected from an established greenhouse population September
to November. MostA. cucumeris diapaused only when exposed to diapause inducing conditions throughout their juvenile development and none stopped laying
eggs when transferred from nondiapause to diapause inducing conditions as adults. After 14 generations of genetic selection
for a nondiapause strain, diapause incidence was 33.3%.
相似文献
5.
Summary Results of a study on H-relationships between the groupsSalmonella (a-z44),Arizona (1, ... −40) andE. coli (1–48) are given. By means of cross agglutination and cross absorption tests, strong relationships betweenSalmonella andArizona were demonstrated, while no H-antigen relationships could be observed betweenE. coli and the groupsSalmonella andArizona. 相似文献
6.
Summary Ten hitherto unrecognizedArizona serotype (1, 2:13, 14; 5:1, 7, 8; 9:17, 20; 9:29:31; 10:1, 7, 8; 17:1, 2, 5, 6; 20:13, 14; 20:23, 30; 26:26:25, and 30:23:25)
are described. The organisms were isolated from fowls, a kangaroo rat, a lizard, various species of snakes, and Indian crushed
bone. 相似文献
7.
A series of binary vector plasmids derived from the T-DNA of theAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, carrying the five plant morphoregulatory genes 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6b in different combinations, was used in the transformation
ofNicotiana tabacum leaf discs. Protein patterns of the transgenic tobacco analysed through SDS-PAGE have shown changes in the polypeptides with
Mr: ∼120, 60, 55, 43 and 27 kDa (for tobacco with transgene 4); ∼60, 55, 43, 26–25, 21, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgenes
1, 2 and 5); ∼70, 60, 26, 25, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgene 5); ∼60, 55, 48, 26, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgenes
4, 5, 6b); ∼60, 55, 22 and 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgene 6b); ∼60, 55, 43, 26 and 18 kDa (for transgenes 5, 6b); ∼60,
55, 22, 18 and 16 kDa (for transgenes 4 and 6b). All types of transgenic plants showed quantitative changes in protein content.
Mendelian segregation ratio to kanamycin resistance in the progeny of transgenic tobacco clones in the R1 generation was 3∶1
except in transgenic tobacco carrying transgenes 1, 2 and 5.
Communicated by T. GICHNER 相似文献
8.
P. R. Edwards E. H. Kampelmacher Mary A. Fife P. A. M. Guinée 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1961,27(1):110-112
Summary Seven newArizona serotypes from snakes are described. The biochemical characteristics of the organisms were those of typical members of theArizona group. The antigenic formulae of the types are 1,4: 1,6,7; 1,4: 1,6,7,9; 5: 29: 25; 5: 33: 25; 24: 23: 31; 26: 32: 30; and
26: 33: 31. Attention is called to the antigenic relationships of the cultures to theSalmonella group. 相似文献
9.
Polyclonal antiserum was raised against the mycelial extract ofPestalotiopsis theœ and immunoglobulin fractions were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, antiserum dilution up to 1∶16000 detected homologous antigen at a 5 mg/L concentration, and at 1∶125
antiserum dilution fungal antigens could be detected at a concentration as low as 25 μg/L. In fifteen varieties of tea tested,
originating from Darjeeling, UPASI and Tocklai breeding stations, absorbance values of infected leaf extracts were significantly
higher than those of healthy extracts at a concentration of 40 mg/L in indirect ELISA. ELISA-positive material was detected
in tea leaves as early as 12 h after inoculation withP. theœ. At antiserum dilutions up to 1∶125, the pathogen could be detected in inoculated leaf extracts up to antigen concentration
of 2 mg/L. The antiserum reacted with two other isolates ofP. theœ tested but not with the antigens from mycelial extracts ofGlomerella cingulata andCorticium invisum or with extracts of tea leaves inoculated with these pathogens. The results demonstrate that ELISA can be used for early
detection ofP. theœ in leaf tissues even at a very low level of infection. 相似文献
10.
The effects of dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) on the composition and metabolism of the fatty acyl chains of phospholipids in
rat liver were investigated with a fat-free diet. The levels of (n−9) fatty acids such as 18∶1 and 20∶3(n−9) in liver phospholipids (PL) were significantly lower in ZD-rats (19.4% and 5.4%, respectively) than in PF-rats (25.2 and
8.3%). On the other hand, the level of (n−6) acids such as 18∶2 and 20∶4 were higher in ZD-rats (3.3 and 19.1%, respectively) than in PF-rats (2.1 and 14.9%).
In order to study the metabolism of fatty acids in vivo,14C-18∶0 or14C-18∶2 was intravenously injected, and then the conversion to the respective metabolite was examined. After the injection
of14C-18∶0, the radioactivity was found in 18∶0 (49.3% of the total), 18∶1 (33.2%), and 20∶3 (n−9) (9.1%) in liver PL in PF-rats at 24h. In ZD-rats, the radioactivity was dramatically lower in 18∶1 (23.5%) and 20∶ (n−9) (3.6%), suggesting that the conversion of 18∶0 to 18∶1 and 20∶3 (n−9) was strongly inhibited in ZD-rats. When14C-18∶2 was injected, the radioactivity was mainly found in 18∶2, 20∶3(n−6), and 20∶4. The radioactivity in 20∶4 in ZD-rats was slightly higher than that in control rats.
These results indicate that zinc deficiency affects the fatty acid metabolism in liver, in particular, it causes a reduction
in δ9 desaturase activity, when rats are fed a fat-free diet. 相似文献
11.
E. H. Kampelmacher 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1959,25(1):289-324
Summary An account is given of O-relationships between the groupsSalmonella (O-antigens 1–52),Arizona (O-antigens 1,2–1,33)Escherichia (O-antigens 1–142 and OX 1–OX 13) andShigella (O-antigens A1–A10, B 1a–B6, C1–C15 and D). Through cross agglutination studies and absorption tests the instances of O identity
in antigens of the different groups were determined.
This work has been performed during a stay in the Enteric Bacteriology Unit of the Communicable Disease Centre, Atlanta (Ga.),
U.S.A. It was sponsored by the Fulbright Organisation and the Department of Social Affairs and Public Health, The Netherlands. 相似文献
12.
An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect antibodies toCandida albicans blastospores and germ tubes. Serum specimens were obtained from 82 patients with neoplastic diseases in the orofacial region
and thrush of the oral mucosa.C. albicans was identified in the oral cavity of 63 patients investigated but serum anti-Candida antibodies were detected in only 23 of them. Serological examination showed that titers of antibodies toC. albicans blastospores ranged from 1∶20 to 1∶1280. High titers from 1∶640 to 1∶1280 were detected in patients without antibiotic, cytostatic,
or radiotherapeutic treatment. The titers of antibodies toC. albicans germ tubes ranged from 1∶20 to 1∶640. Our results indicate that titers of antibodies to theC. albicans germ tubes were lower and were detected in a smaller number of patients. 相似文献
13.
K. Pomeroy D. C. W. Brown Y. Takahata 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1994,30(4):196-203
Summary Microspore-derived embryos fromBrassica napus cv. Topas (low erucic acid) and Reston (high erucic acid) were subjected to treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) during late-stage
embryo development and then dried under controlled relative humidities to mature dry seed levels of moisture. Exogenously
medium-supplied ABA arrested growth and development, reduced moisture content, increased total fatty acids on a dry weight
basis, and stimulated systhesis of proteins in microspore-derived embryos. ABA also resulted in a higher proportion of 22∶1
in cv. Reston (high 22∶1) and increased the level of fatty acid unsaturation in cv. Topas (low 22∶1). The accumulation of
two proteins that co-migrated with cruciferin and napin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional
gels were also promoted by exposure to ABA, and the degree of accumulation was dependent on the concentration and time of
application of ABA. Controlled desiccation of microspore embryos, used to simulate normal maturation and dehydration of zygotic
embryos during seed development, did not seem to cause an increase of either storage proteins, total fatty acids, or 22∶1
(in cv. Reston), suggesting that dehydration is not a prerequisite for these processes, at least in culturedBrassica embryos. 相似文献
14.
Predation by a predator complex consisting of adults of the lygaeidGeocoris punctipes (Say), the nabidsNabis roseipennis Reuter and/orTropiconabis capsiformis Germar and the coccinelids,Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville andColeomegilla maculata (DeGeer) onHeliothis virescens (F.) eggs, 1st-instar larvae or both on late pinhead square and early bloom stage cotton was evaluated in field cages in
Mississippi. Prey densities of 4 (11, 512/ha) or 8 per cage and predator: prey (P:p) ratios of 1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1, 4∶1 and 5∶1
were used. Prey were labeled with phosphorus-32 or carbon-14 to determine predator ingestion and effectiveness. Average percent
egg predation as a function of P:p ratio ranged from 2.1 to 12.1 for a 48 h period. The average percent predation on larvae
as a function of P:p ratio ranged from 5.3 to 22.0. The hemiptera fed more than the coleoptera on larvae, andG. punctipes was the best egg predator. For the range of predator densities used, the average area of discovery for the predator complex
was 6.98 × 10−3 m/day and 2.34 × 10−2 m/day when exposed to eggs and larvae, respectively.
Publication No 5936-Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS 39762. 相似文献
15.
In addition to the general amino acid transport system (GAP) ofS. cerevisiae
l-tryptophan is transported by another system with approximately 25% capacity of GAP, with aK
T of 0.41±0.08 mmol/L and with a similar specificity as GAP (lower inhibition by Met, Pro, Ser, Thr and 2-aminoisobutyric acid;
greater inhibition by Glu and His). The pH optimum of this system is at 5.0–5.5, activation energy above the transition point
(20°C) was 20 kJ/mol, below the transition point 55 kJ/mol. The transport by this system was virtually unidirectional, efflux
amounting to at most 10% into a tryptophan-free medium. The transport itself was blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol, antimycin A
and uranyl nitrate. The system was synthesized de novo during preincubation with glucose=fructose>trehalose >ethanol within
30 min, and was degraded with a half-time of 15 min in the absence of further synthesis. The accumulation ratios ofl-tryptophan ingap1 mutants were concentration-dependent (200∶1 at 1 μmoll-Trp/L, 4∶1 at 2.5 mmoll-Trp/L) and decreased with increasing suspension density from 200∶1 to 5∶1 (for 10 μmoll-Trp/L). The involvement of hydrogen ions in the uptake was clearly demonstrated by the effect of D2O even if it could not be established by either shifts of pHout or membrane depolarization. 相似文献
16.
Hazra D. K. Lahiri V. L. Gupta A. K. Painuly N. K. Pathak Manish Khanna Pankaj Gupta R. K. Khanna-Hazra P. Saran Shabd 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1994,24(1-3):1-7
Radiosilver-111 and Radiogold-199 were proposed by us (1) as suitable isotopes for radioimmunotherapy in areas such as India by reason of their suitable half-lives and B-emissions
(Ag-111T
1/2=7.45 d and Au-199T
1/2=3.15 d). Since silver is monovalent, it is difficult to link to conventional bifunctional chelates. We therefore explored
the use of sulfur-based linkers (2). Encouraged by the Thakur and De Fulvio Technique (3) of linking technetium to disulfide
groups in antibodies reduced by ascorbic acid that is eminently biocompatible, we have explored the linkage of silver to immunoglobulin
reduced by ascorbic acid. The linkage of silver was assessed with stable Ag-108 using dialysis to quantify the free silver
after the reaction of silver and reduced immunoglobulins in various molar ratios (1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶5, 1∶10). The silver quantity
was estimated gravimetrically after precipitation as chloride. It was observed that using these molar ratios there was negligible
silver efflux into the dialysate, suggesting stable linkage. We also assessed the linkage using Ag-110M as radiotracer. The
comparative results with the two techniques are described. 相似文献
17.
T. V. Malyarenko A. A. Kicha N. V. Ivanchina A. I. Kalinovsky P. S. Dmitrenok A. V. Smirnov 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2010,36(6):755-761
Thirteen steroidal compounds including three new polyhydroxysteroids, (24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholestane-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol, (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol, and (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,4β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-heptaol, have been isolated along with ten previously known polyhydroxysteroids
from the tropical starfish Asteropsis carinifera collected near the coast of Vietnam. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (mainly
2D NMR and ESI mass spectrometry). 相似文献
18.
Both the volume and concentration of filtrate ofAspergillus niger andTrichoderma viride influenced the development of the radicles of cocoa seedlings. Radicles placed in Petri dishes containing filter paper moistened
with 20 and 30 ml of undiluted filtrate and filtrate dilutions of 1∶1 and 1∶2 failed to develop lateral roots and eventually
died.
The culture filtrate ofA. niger was more repressive. Radicles in the same volume of filtrate (20 and 30 ml) of higher dilutions (1∶5 and 1∶10) developed
lateral roots and survived. Radicles placed in less volume (≤10 ml) survived and produced lateral roots irrespective of concentration
of filtrates. Development of the radicles and roots in the control was consistently better (P=0.05) than in filtrate solutions of eitherA. niger orT. viride.
The hypocotyls of seedlings under the influence of metabolites ofA niger showed greater cambial activity and formed xylem vessels and tracheids with larger lumina. 相似文献
19.
Experiments were conducted in a rearing room to study the biology ofTrichogrammatoidea simmondsi Nagaraja (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata Rondani (Dipt.: Muscidae) eggs. Shoot fly eggs were divided in two groups: 1) eggs < 24 h old and, 2) > 24 h old eggs. Thirty
eggs of each group were used in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Shoot fly eggs less than 24 h old
were preferred (73% of parasitism) over 24 h old eggs (7.25%). Three larval instars ofT. simmondsi were observed. Few eggs with twoT. simmondsi exit holes (1.87%) were recorded in > 24 h old eggs compared with < 24 h ones (3.74%). The sex ratio male: female was 1 ∶
1.47. The development from oviposition to adult emergence ranged from 7 to 12 days (average=9.8±1.31, n=40), and the average
life span of male and femaleT. simmondsi was 25±1.46 h (range 22–26 h, n=12) and 35.17±10.9 (range 25–50 h, n=28) respectively at 26° C, 60–65% R.H. and 12 ∶ 12 (L/D)
photoperiod. This paper constitutes the first published information on the biology ofT. simmondsi on the sorghum shoot fly eggs.
Résumé Des essais ont été conduits en salle d'élevage en vue d'étudier la biologie deTrichogrammatoidea simmondsi Nagaraja (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) sur les œufs de la mouche des pousses du sorgho,Atherigoa soccata Rondani (Dipt.: Muscidae). Les œufs de la mouche ont été divisés en deux groupes: 1) ℧ufs agés de < 24 h, 2) > 24 h. Trente œufs de chaque groupe ont été utilisés dans un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés à quatre répétitions. Les œufs de moins de 24 h d'age ont été plus parasités (73% de parasitisme) que ceux de plus de 24 h d'age (7,25% de parasitisme). Trois stades larvaires deT. simmondsi ont été observés. La présence de deux trous d'émergence deT. simmondsi était moins élevée (1,87%) dans les œufs de > 24 h que dans ceux de < 24 h (3,74%). Le sex ratio male: femelle était de 1 ∶ 1,47 Le cycle de développement de l'œuf à l'émergence de l'adulte variait de 7 à 12 jours avec une moyenne de 9,8±1,31 (n=40). La durée moyenne de vie du male et de la femelle deT. simmondsi était respectivement de 25±1,46 h (variation 22–26 h, n=12) et 35,17±10,9 (variation 25–50 h, n=28) à 26°C, 60–65% H.R. et une photopériode de 12 ∶ 12. Cet article constitue la première information publiée sur la biologie deT. simmondsi sur les œufs de la mouche des pousses du sorgho.相似文献
20.
Summary A protocol has been developed for in vitro plant regeneration from cotyledonary nodes of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Multiple shoots were induced from cotyledonary nodes derived from 20-d-old axenic seedlings grown on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.22–13.32 μM benzyladenine (BA) or 2.32–13.93 μM kinetin alone or in combination with 0.26 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest frequency of responding explants (85%) and maximum number of shoots per explant
(9.5) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA and 0.26 μM NAA after 15 wk of culture. A proliferating shoot culture was established by repeatedly subculturing the orginal cotyledonary
nodal explant on fresh medium after each harvest of the newly formed shoots. Nearly 30% of the shoots formed roots after being
transferred to half-strength MS medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid after 25 d of culture. Fifty percent of shoots were also directly rooted as microcuttings on peat moss,
soil, and compost mixture (1∶1∶1). About 52% plantlets rooted under ex vitro conditions were successfully acclimatized and established in pots. 相似文献