The Karyotypes of Angelica dahurica and Their Taxonomical Significance (Umbelliferae)

The present paper deals mainly with the karyotype analysis of five materials in Angelica dahurica collected in Yanbian of Jilin, Anguo of Hebei, Yuxian of Henan, Hangzhou of Zhejiang and Suining of Sichuan. They are under the names “Dongbeidahuo”, “Qibaizhi”, “Yubaizhi”, ”Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi” respectively. Among then “Dongbeidahuo” is a wild plant, which occurs in northeastern China, and the others are cultivated as important crude drugs in some provinces. “Qi-Baizhi” and “Yubaizhi” have been identified as conspecific with the wild Baizhi-“Do-Ngbeidahuo” (A. dahurica) according to the external morphological features, whereas the other cultivated ones, “Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi”, treated as a variety (A. dahurica var. formosana). The results of karyotype analysis are shown in Plate 1, 2, with the formula 2n=22 =12 m+2 m^SAT+4sm+4st. The karyotypes described here are constantly characterized by satellites attached to the fourth pair of metacentric chromosomes and differ from the published reports on the other species of the genus. It is reasonable to say that the five materials collectively named “Baizhi” are taxonomically closely related to each other and could be regarded as conspecific. Since the second chromosome pair is submetacentric in “Dongbeidahuo”, it may be justifiable to separate the wild plant from the cultivated ones and treat them as two separate varieties.     

Protoplast Culture and Plant Regeneration of Angelica dahurica

White and soft calli were induced from the stemnodes of Angelica dahurica on MS medium containing lmg/L 2,4-D, and subcultured on the same medium with decreased concentration of the hormone for about half a year, until quite a number of embryogenic cell clusters were produced in calli. Protoplasts prepared only from this kind of callus were regenerable. The protoplasts-derived colonies were able to develop into embryos directly or to grow continously into calli as affected by the hormone and, in particular, by osmotic pressure in the culture medium. The embryos either formed directly or via callus stage were all capable of regenerating complete plants under proper culture conditions.     

白芷生物学及化学成分研究进展(综述)

从生物学及化学成分方面,对中药白芷原植物近年来研究的主要进展和重要结果进行概述,并指出今后应加强其解剖结构与主要化学成分的关系以及综合利用的研究。     

叶面喷施微肥对川白芷主要有效成分含量的影响

在川白芷生长旺盛期叶面喷施锌、硼、钼,研究微量元素锌、硼、钼配合喷施对川白芷主要有效成分含量的影响以及最适宜的喷施量.结果表明: 叶面喷施锌、硼、钼有利于川白芷欧前胡素和总香豆素含量的提高,对异欧前胡素含量的影响不显著;硼对欧前胡素和总香豆素含量的积累影响最大,锌次之,钼最小;硼和钼互作对欧前胡素含量有拮抗效应,锌和硼互作对总香豆素含量有协同效应;施锌0.15～0.24 kg·hm^-2、硼2.02～2.36 kg·hm^-2、钼0.08～0.13 kg·hm^-2时,川白芷总香豆素含量≥0.7%;施锌0.15～0.20 kg·hm^-2、硼1.37～1.47 kg·hm^-2、钼0.09～0.13 kg·hm^-2时,欧前胡素含量≥0.2%.叶面喷施锌、硼、钼有利于川白芷中香豆素类成分的积累和品质的提高.     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of different polysaccharides from the roots of Angelica dahurica

The total crude polysaccharides (CADPs), isolated from the roots of Angelica dahurica by H(2) O extraction, EtOH precipitation, and dialysis, and the four fractions ADP1, ADP2, ADP3, and ADP4, obtained by gel filtration of the CADPs, were analyzed to characterize their composition and evaluated for their antioxidant activity using different in vitro tests such as the malondialdehyde (MDA)-production, the ferrous ion (Fe(2+) )-chelating, and the HO(.) radical-scavenging assays. The predominant neutral monosaccharides in the four fractions were identified as arabinose, galactose, and glucose, while the composition and ratio of the monosaccharides were different between the fractions. The CADPs and its fractions were found to significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation, chelate Fe(2+) , and scavenge HO(.) radicals, indicating that these polysaccharides possessed antioxidant activity. Among the four fractions, ADP4 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, which was stronger than that of the control antioxidant vitamin E (Vit E). Taken together, the chemical composition of these polysaccharides might affect their antioxidant activity, and ADP4 could be explored as a source of potential novel natural antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical purposes.     

白芷细胞外21kD钙调素结合蛋白的生理功能初探

利用Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ１００ 及ＣＭＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ层析法,从白芷悬浮培养细胞的胞外盐提液中纯化了２１ ｋＤ 钙调素结合蛋白（２１ ｋＤＣａＭＢＰ） ,测其等电点的ｐＨ 为８ ．９ ,紫外薄层扫描显示其纯度达９４ ％ 以上。以此蛋白为抗原,用免疫小鼠腹水法制备了特异性抗体。由纯化的２１ ｋＤＣａＭＢＰ及其特异性抗体研究其对白芷悬浮培养细胞增殖的影响,结果表明：加入外源纯化的２１ ｋＤＣａＭＢＰ 抑制细胞增殖,半抑制浓度约８ μｇ／ｍｌ;而加入２１ ｋＤＣａＭＢＰ特异性抗体却促进细胞增殖效应。推测胞外内源存在的２１ ｋＤＣａＭＢＰ在生理条件下可能具有参与调节胞外活化ＣａＭ 信号分子的浓度,从而调节胞外ＣａＭ 的生物学功能。     

当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外鉴别

为寻找当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外吸收光谱鉴别特征，采用紫外谱线组法对三者在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱图进行比较。结果表明，当归和独活在四种极性溶剂中均存在明显差异，而当归和欧当归仅在无水乙醇和蒸馏水溶剂中鉴别差异显著。紫外谱线组法可以鉴别当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归。     

The anti-staphylococcal activity of Angelica dahurica (Bai Zhi)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a hexane extract prepared from the roots of the Chinese drug Angelica dahurica (Bai Zhi) led to the isolation of the polyacetylenic natural product falcarindiol (1). The absolute stereochemistry of this compound was confirmed by careful 1H NMR analysis of its (R)- and (S)-Mosher ester derivatives as the 3(R), 8(S) isomer. Activity was tracked using a Mycobacterium fortuitum screening assay and the purified product was evaluated against multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of this metabolite ranged from 8 to 32 microg/ml highlighting the potential of the acetylene natural product class as antibiotic-lead compounds. These MIC values compare favourably with some of the newest agents in development for the treatment of MRSA infection and indicate that further evaluation of the antibiotic activity of acetylenes is warranted.     

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease in Angelica dahurica Caused by Phoma bellidis in China

Angelica dahurica is a perennial herb belonging to the Umbelliferae family that has been used as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. In August 2013, leaf spot disease in A. dahurica was first observed at the Medicinal Herb Garden in Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Morphological assessment, evaluation of culture characteristics, internal transcribed spacer and beta‐tubulin sequence analysis and pathogenicity identified the causal agent as Phoma bellidis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease in A. dahurica that was caused by P. bellidis.     

白芷有效成分提取工艺的优化及其中药材质量研究

目的：优化白芷中药材有效成分的提取工艺;全面系统地考察与研究市场上白芷中药材的质量。方法：以白芷中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定,利用正交试验,对渗漉法提取白芷有效成分的工艺条件进行优选;按照《中国药典》2005年版一部白芷项下[含量测定]方法检验了62批次市场上销售的白芷药材中香豆素类物质的含量。结果：乙醇渗漉提取法：药材浸泡24h,加80%乙醇8倍量渗漉,欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的平均提取率为78%;市场上销售的白芷药材中香豆素类物质的含量符合药典的要求。结论：应用渗漉法工艺提取白芷中药材有效成分效率高,稳定性好,适合工业化生产;目前市场上流通的白芷中药材的质量可靠。     

白芷有效成分提取工艺的优化及其中药材质量研究

目的:优化白芷中药材有效成分的提取工艺;全面系统地考察与研究市场上白芷中药材的质量.方法:以白芷中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定,利用正交试验,对渗漉法提取白芷有效成分的工艺条件进行优选;按照<中国药典>2005年版一部白芷项下[含量测定]方法检验了62批次市场上销售的白芷药材中香豆素类物质的含量.结果:乙醇渗漉提取法:药材浸泡24h,加80%乙醇8倍量渗漉,欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的平均提取率为78%;市场上销售的白芷药材中香豆素类物质的含量符合药典的要求.结论:应用渗漉法工艺提取白芷中药材有效成分效率高,稳定性好,适合工业化生产;目前市场上流通的白芷中药材的质量可靠.     

东当归化学成分研究及定量分析

从当归属植物东当归的根的乙醇溶液中分离得到了4个化合物,通过理化特性和波谱分析分别鉴定为双(5-甲酰基糠基)醚(bis(5-formylfurfuryl)ether,1)、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde,2)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol,3)、十七烷酸(heptadecanoic acid4,)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中1为首次从该属植物中分离得到。采用高效液相色谱法对东当归所含该属特征活性成分紫花前胡素进行了定量分析。     

Study on Karyotypes of Six Species in Angelica from Sichuan,China

Karyotypes of 6 species in Angelica L . from Sichuan are studied at population level and the karyotype of A. pseudoselinum is firstly reported . It is found that the number of chromosomes are invariably 2n = 2x =22 , with most of them are median and submedian centromeric chromosomes, while subterminal centromeric chromosomes exist in A. omeiensis . The majority of karyotypes belong to 2A, and Shihuiyao population of A. laxifoliata has 1A types . As for karyotypic formula , A. omeiensis is 2n =22 = 10m+ 2sm+ 10st , A. maowenensis is 2n =22= 16m+ 4sm+ 2sm (SAT) , A. sinensis is 2n = 22 = 14m+ 8sm, A. apaensis is 2n = 22 = 14m+8sm, and A. pseudoselinum is 2n =22 = 12m+ 8sm+2sm (SAT ) . However, different populations of A. laxiforliata don’t have the same karyotypic formulae, and there are some variations between the caryotypes more or less . According to Stebbins, A. omeiensis’s evolution status was showed by the highest index of asymmetry among six species studied in this paper , while A. laxiforliata is a little primitive because of its lower index of asymmetry and its 1A caryotypes . However , the morphological, anatomic , karyotypic characters and that of pollen grains are evolving asynchronously , suggesting that, Sichuan as one of the frequency centers of Angelica L . in China , is also one of thedifferentiation centers of Angelica L .     

当归内酯对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的重建作用(英文)

探讨当归内酯(ASDL)对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的重构作用。通过小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制动物模型。采用免疫器官重量法和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验检测了ASDL对非特异性免疫功能的影响;用血清溶血素分光光度法检测了对体液免疫功能的作用;用MTT法进行了致分裂原诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增值反应实验,再用乳酸脱氢酶法测定了NK和CTL细胞活性,从而确定ASDL对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。结果表明:ASDL能够对免疫低下小鼠的非特性和特异性免疫功能起到一定的重构作用。但是这种效果并不是剂量依赖性的,20 mg/kg这个剂量的效果明显好于5和80 mg/kg这两个剂量。上述结果表明ASDL能够显著提高免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

First Report of Root‐knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne arenaria) on Angelica dahurica in China

Angelica dahurica is an important Chinese herbal medicine plant, and its rhizome is of high medicinal value. In recent years, a severe decline in yield has been observed in Bozhou City (China's largest A. dahurica producing area), Anhui province, China. It showed symptoms of decline, stunting, yellowing and many galls in the roots, which was the characterization of infestation by root‐knot nematodes. A survey of root‐knot nematodes on its roots was conducted in this area from June to September, 2011. Based on our results, the nematode species on A. dahurica was identified as Meloidogyne arenaria by the morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria on A. dahurica in China.     

四川当归属六种植物的核型

从居群水平对四川当归属(AngelicaL.)6种植物的核型进行了研究,其中管鞘当归核型为首次报道。6个种的染色体均为2n=2x=22,多为中部和近中部着丝粒染色体,核型多为2A型,仅疏叶当归石灰窑居群为1A型;峨眉当归核型为2n=22=10m 2sm 10st,茂汶当归核型为2n=22=16m 4sm 2sm(SAT),当归核型为2n=22=14m 8sm,阿坝当归核型为2n=22=14m 8sm,管鞘当归核型为2n=22=12m 8sm 2sm(SAT),而疏叶当归不同居群的核型或多或少发生了不同程度的变异。参照Stebbins的观点,峨眉当归以核型不对称系数最高而在6个种中显示一定的核型进化性,疏叶当归不对称系数较低,且出现1A型核型因而体现出一定的原始性。但是,综合形态解剖、花粉性状以及核型特征可以看出,四川当归属植物各性状间具有进化的不同步性,这也表明,作为当归属分布频度中心之一的四川地区,同时也是当归属的分化中心之一。     

延胡索乙素与白芷总香豆素、总挥发油配伍药效学比较研究

目的：评价延胡索乙素、白芷总香豆素及总挥发油配伍的药效学比较研究。方法：小鼠醋酸扭体法、热板镇痛法、甩尾法三种模型比较元胡止痛片（A组）、延胡索乙素（B组）、白芷总香豆素（C组）、白芷总挥发油（D组）、延胡索乙素与白芷总香豆素配伍（E组）、延胡索乙素与白芷总挥发油配伍（F组）及延胡索乙素与白芷总香豆素、白芷总挥发油配伍（G组）后的镇痛作用。结果：A、G组镇痛效果最佳,B、E、F组具显著的镇痛作用,C、D组与模型组相比,有一定的镇痛作用,但较弱。结论：延胡索乙素与白芷总香豆素、总挥发油配伍使用,具有显著的镇痛作用,类似于元胡止痛片中元胡白芷的配伍作用,但成分更为明确,标准可控,使用量小,属于分子中药组方范畴。元胡的主要有效成分延胡索乙素与白芷的主要成分白芷总香豆素、总挥发油均具有镇痛作用,符合中药元胡及白芷的功效,本实验采用药物有效成分进行配伍,成分明确,结果可控。     

兴安薄荷挥发油的成分

兴安薄荷（Mentha dahurica Fisch.ex Benth.）为唇形科薄荷属（Mentha L.）多年生草本植物,产于我国黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古东北部。俄罗斯远东地区以及日本北方也有分布。在我国东北有作中药薄荷入药的。其化学成分研究甚少,仅俄国Pulatova报道其含有香豆素类成分。为开发利用我国薄荷植物资源,作者对全国薄荷属植物进行了野外调查,并对其资源、生物学性状、孢粉学和化学等进行了较系统的研究,现仅就兴安薄荷挥发油中化学成分分析结果作一报道。