香菇栽培料新工艺

在国内香菇栽培料常规配方基础上,设计了添加2.5mL盐酸/kg取代常规配方中1%蔗糖的新工艺,经测定,2种栽培料灭菌后还原糖与蔗糖浓度、发菌期与子实体产量基本一致,新配方栽培料灭菌后pH值为5.6,是香菇菌丝生长最适pH值。新配方工艺可降低生产成本10%左右。     

培养料配方对姬松茸子实体产量和氨基酸、有害物含量的影响

采用3种培养料配方,研究其对姬松茸(N2)产量和氨基酸含量有害物含量的影响。结果表明:姬松茸子实体中镉含量比培养料中高184～215倍,姬松茸有富集镉的特性。配方1、配方2、配方3子实体镉含量分别为13,10,9.6mg/kg,产量分别为9.5,9.4,8.8kg/m2,氨基酸总量分别为27.59%,25.80%,20.58%。配方2子实体中镉含量显著低于配方1,其产量、氨基酸总量与配方1相近;配方3的产量、氨基酸总量最低,与配方1、配方2差异显著,表明采用KH2PO4代换过磷酸钙,可以降低子实体镉含量,而不宜用化学氮代换牛粪;配方1子实体砷含量最高,与配方2、配方3差异显著。3种配方子实体中六六六、滴滴涕、敌敌畏、四环素等有害物含量基本相同。     

姬松茸高产栽培技术及主要杂菌、害虫发生与防治研究

阐述了姬松茸的特征特性及在鄂东大别山区高产栽培的方法,介绍了姬松茸的主要杂菌和害虫发生情况,并提出了综合防治方法。从中也筛选几种低毒、高效,适合湖北省鄂东大别山地区食用菌无公害栽培的新农药,在栽培生产中应用,从而减轻了病虫害的危害。     

Agaricus Blazei Murrill的药用价值及栽培

姬松茸 (ＡｇａｒｉｃｕｓＢｌａｚｅｉＭｕｒｒｉｌｌ)原产巴西 ,1 96 5年发现 ,由日本三重大学农学部岩出亥之助教授栽培成功。姬松茸具较高的抗癌、抑肿瘤的药用价值。美国宾西法尼亚大学Ｗ·Ｊ辛迪博士 ,日本药理学会总会、药学会都曾报道过。姬松茸的组成成份 ,见表 1～表 4。表 1　子实体化学成分名　　称鲜物 %干物 %水　分 86 590粗灰分 0 74 5 54粗蛋白 5 794 3 19粗脂肪 0 50 3 73粗纤维 0 816 0 1糖　类 5 57 4 1 56麦角甾醇 0 0 2 0 14表 2　子实体维生素含量维生素类 (ｍｇ/10 0ｇ干物 )维生素Ｂ11 79胆…     

发酵法生产富铁姬松茸菌丝体的产业化研究

对发酵法生产富铁姬松茸菌丝体进行了产业化研究.结果表明,姬松茸的耐铁能力和富铁能力都很强,在铁浓度为0.1～1.5g/L的液体培养基上,菌丝均能生长,当铁浓度超过1.5g/L 时,菌丝生长受到一定影响;采用液体深层培养,最佳的铁源为FeSO4·7H2O ,最佳铁添加量为0.4～0.5g/L.此时,姬松茸菌丝体的生物量得率和富铁率达到最高,同时,菌丝体含铁量和多糖含量也较高.另外,扩大到10t罐进行工业化生产,富铁姬松茸干菌粉得率达到2.82%,菌丝体含铁量可达14.77mg/g.姬松茸菌丝体产品产量高,质量稳定, 已推向市场,提供给一些企业,初步实现了产业化.     

侧耳属中的13个菌株稻草栽培比较试验

将引进的侧耳属中的13个菌株分别用稻草为主的代料培养基和棉籽壳为主的培养基,在室内、外栽培,进行生产性能的比较研究。对侧耳产量(kg菇/kg料)经数理统计分析得出菌株、环境、培养料各因素效应、各双因素的互作效应和三因素互作效应均极显著。并筛选出7880、佛罗里达、凤尾菇、浙农院5号、古风1129为室内稻草栽培优良菌株,产量(kg菇/kg料)分别为0.85、0.70、0.70、0.60、0.55;C-55-2、7880、糙皮侧耳7913、美味侧耳、糙皮侧耳718为室外稻草栽培优良菌株,产量(kg菇/kg料)     

硬杂木屑替代桦木屑栽培桦褐孔菌

为获得广泛栽培原料和提高栽培菌核生物学效率,开展了桦褐孔菌人工栽培比较试验,并利用桦褐孔菌常规栽培配方筛选人工栽培管理条件。试验获得桦木屑培养料出核最佳条件:菌袋不割口,无棉盖体封口,温度20～25℃,光照200 lx,基质含水量60%。菌丝粗壮,浓密,生长速度快;菌核出现早,数量多,颜色深,产量高。此管理条件下,通过桦木屑、杂木屑+玉米芯的复方栽培基质比较,获得了代用栽培料配方:杂木屑46%,玉米芯40%,麦麸10%,豆粉2%,白糖1%,石膏1%,水分60%,pH自然。菌核产量27.5 g/袋,生物学效率达30.7%,该配方与桦木屑基质菌核产量差异不显著。     

金针菇栽培基质替代原料初步筛选研究

针对近年金针菇栽培主要原料棉籽壳价格大幅度上涨,导致栽培成本不断增加、栽培经济效益不断下滑的现实问题,在以棉籽壳为主要栽培料配方（CK1）的基础上,用新型基质花生壳、木屑、玉米芯、油菜杆、黄豆杆、猕猴桃枝、桑枝屑、高粱壳等资源部分替代棉籽壳,设计了8个金针菇栽培料配方,并以常用配方CK2为辅助对照,进行金针菇（川金3号）栽培试验。结果表明,配方6（花生壳）的产量虽未超过对照CK2,但其产量显著高于对照CK1（高33.11%）,转化率达到对照CK2的水平,其栽培效益超过对照CK1（高629.03%）和CK2（高15.90%）,且子实体品质好,所以在成都平原冬末早春季出菇时,用30%的花生壳替代棉籽壳栽培金针菇,可以显著降低材料成本,增加栽培效益。     

富硒姬松茸液体培养条件的研究

采用液体摇瓶培养法 ,对姬松茸 (Agaricusblazei)富硒培养条件进行初步研究 ,结果表明 :富硒姬松茸液体培养的最佳培养基配方为玉米粉 30 g/L ,葡萄糖 2 0g/L ,硫酸铵 2 g/L ,酵母膏 3g/L ,KH₂ PO₄ 2 g/L ,MgSO₄ ·7H₂ O 1 g/L ,维生素B11 0 0mg/L ;采用 1mg/L亚硒酸钠驯化菌种 ,2 5 0mL三角瓶装量 80mL ,p     

香菇栽培配料的新工艺

在国内香菇（Ｌｅｎｔｉｎｕｓｅｄｏｄｅｓ）栽培料常规配方基础上,设计了添加１．２％盐酸取代常规配方中１％蔗糖的新工艺。经测定,两种栽培料灭菌后还原糖与总糖浓度、发菌周期与子实体产量基本一致。新配方栽培料灭菌后ｐＨ降至５．６,亦是香菇菌丝生长最适ｐＨ值。新配方工艺在山东省淄博市石马等生产单位应用,可降低生产成本１０％左右。     

不同培养料和发酵次数栽培巴氏菇比较

分别以玉米秸秆和稻草为培养料栽培巴氏菇,对菌丝生长性状进行对比;同时,在我国传统发酵栽培方法的基础上,将三次发酵法与二次发酵法进行了对比。试验结果表明:利用玉米秸秆栽培的巴氏菇在发菌速度及子实体质量和产量上均优于稻草;培养料经过3次发酵更适宜巴氏菇生长。经过3次发酵的玉米秸秆培养料栽培的巴氏菇产量和生物学效率分别为7.7 kg/m2和27.5%,子实体粗蛋白含量44.89%,可溶性糖含量44.01%,18种氨基酸总量31.70%,明显高于2次发酵的玉米秸秆培养料及2次、3次发酵的稻草培养料。     

巴氏蘑菇多糖对铅中毒大鼠脾脏细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

为了研究巴氏蘑菇Agaricus blazei多糖对铅中毒大鼠脾脏细胞因子mRNA表达的影响,进而探索巴氏蘑菇多糖对铅中毒大鼠的免疫调节作用。选用45日龄SD大鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只,雌雄各半。分别为正常对照组、多糖组、铅中毒模型组、铅+50mg/kg·d多糖试验组、铅+100mg/kg·d多糖试验组、铅+200mg/kg·d多糖试验组。铅中毒模型组、铅+多糖试验组分别给予含0.2%醋酸铅饮水,自由饮用。饲养60d后,采集脾脏,荧光定量RT-PCR对其细胞因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α     

巴氏蘑菇微卫星序列的分离及其对Co60辐射诱变菌株的鉴别

根据链霉素磁珠和生物素特异结合的特性,用生物素标记的二聚核苷酸重复序列探针从巴氏蘑菇的基因组中分离微卫星序列。将结合于链霉素磁珠上的标记探针同两端连接已知序列人工接头的巴氏蘑菇DNA酶切片段杂交。洗脱未杂交DNA片段后,用磁珠富集的片段建立微卫星文库。挑取522个菌落用对应重复序列为引物进行PCR筛选,得到48个阳性克隆,经测序有32个菌落含微卫星序列。微卫星富集效率为阳性克隆数的67%,总克隆数的6%。除去重复或无效的微卫星序列,在设计出的12对用于鉴别85个巴氏蘑菇的Co60辐射变异株微卫星引物中,有4对引物总共扩增出明显的变异菌株17个。证明有些微卫星位点可用于巴氏蘑菇辐射变异品种的指纹筛选与鉴别。     

Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill.

Anti-tumor active polysaccharide against Sarcoma 180 was isolated by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose 4B column chromatography from the hot-water soluble fraction of the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill. This polysaccharide did not react with antibodies of anti-tumor polysaccharides such as lentinan, gliforan, and FIII-2-b which is one of anti-tumor polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei. Moreover, the analyses of 13C-NMR and GC-MS suggested that this polysaccharide was preliminarily glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain. This polysaccharide was completely different from the anti-tumor polysaccharide from fruiting body of Agaricus blazei, beta-1,6-glucan.     

姬松茸胞内多糖碱提取工艺

为了进一步提高姬松茸胞内多糖得率,采用单因素实验和响应曲面法,对姬松茸菌丝体胞内多糖碱提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明优化的碱提取工艺为提取时间4．63h,碱液浓度1．03mol／L,提取温度60．90℃,液料比85．85mL／g,在此条件下胞内多糖的提取得率为（273．49±1．59）mg／g干菌体,明显高于水提取所得到的胞内多糖得率。这为姬松茸碱提胞内多糖理化性质、生理活性等方面进一步的研究提供切实可行的高效提取方法。     

Suppressive effect of polysaccharides from the edible and medicinal mushrooms,Lentinus edodes and Agaricus blazei,on the expression of cytochrome P450s in mice

To investigate the effects of lentinan from Lentinas edodes and polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei (ABPS) on the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), lentinan (10 mg/kg/day) or ABPS (200 mg/kg/day) was administered to female BALB/c mice four times every other day by intraperitoneal injection. Lentinan and ABPS suppressed both the constitutive and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced CYP1A expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity in the liver.     

Antimutagenic effects of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill extracts on V79 cells

Agaricus blazei Murrill, a native mushroom in Brazil, has been widely consumed in different parts of the world due to its medicinal power. Its anticarcinogenic activity has been shown in experimental animals, and antimutagenic activity has been demonstrated only in Salmonella. In this work, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of mushroom teas of strains AB96/07, AB96/09 and AB97/11 were evaluated in Chinese hamster V79 cells, using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. The cells were treated with three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) of teas prepared from a 2.5% aqueous solution, under three different temperatures: (1) room (20-25 degrees C); (2) ice-cold (2-8 degrees C); and (3) warm (60 degrees C). The teas were applied in co-, pre- and post-treatments in combination with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 1.6x10(-4) and 4x10(-4)M). The duration of the treatment was 1h in the comet assay and 2h in the micronucleus test. The results showed that the mushroom was not mutagenic itself. Nevertheless, the mushroom is an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS in all concentrations and preparations tested. The observed reductions in the frequencies of micronuclei ranged from 61.5 (room temperature 0.1% tea in post-treatment) to 110.3% (co-treatment with warm and ice-cold 0.15% tea). In the comet assay, the antimutagenic activity was detected only when the cells were pre-treated with the following teas: warm 0.1 and 0.15%, room temperature 0.05% and ice-cold 0.1%. The results indicate that the mushroom A. blazei extracts are antimutagenic when tested in V79 cells.     

Fractionation and antitumor activity of the water-insoluble residue of Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies

Some polysaccharide-containing materials were successively extracted from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei with aqueous ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide, fractionated, and assayed for antitumor activity. From chemical analyses and n.m.r. data, it was concluded that the most active fraction, FIII-2-b, was comprised of protein and a (1----6)-beta-D-glucan.     

巴西蘑菇菌体深层发酵培养条件的优化及成分分析*

对巴西蘑菇深层发酵条件进行了详细的研究,确定了巴西蘑菇菌体发酵的最优方案是:7%葡萄糖,1.5%酵母膏,0.3%磷酸氢二钾,0.1%硫酸镁,VB1 10mg/100ml,自然pH,接种量为15%,装液量为100ml/250ml三角瓶,150r/min,25℃恒温培养9天,菌丝干重达到1.8g每100ml发酵液。通过对巴西蘑菇子实体与深层培养菌丝体中蛋白质营养成分及多糖含量进行了分析比较,发现它们均是极好的营养食品之源。