利用杆状病毒Bac-to-Bac系统在Sf9细胞中表达真菌细胞色素P450nor

利用BactoBac杆状病毒载体表达系统将真菌细胞色素P450nor基因克隆至转移载体pFastBac1中, 得到重组质粒pFastBacP450nor, 再将其转化进入含穿梭载体Bacmid的受体菌DH10Bac中发生转座作用, 得到含P450nor基因的重组穿梭载体rBacmid pAcP450nor。分离提取重组Bacmid DNA, 并转染培养的昆虫细胞Sf9, 得到重组病毒rAcp450nor。经酶切和PCR 鉴定, 细胞色素P450nor基因正确地插入到病毒基因组的多角体蛋白基因启动子下, SDSPAGE分析证明：表达蛋白的分子量为43kD左右。Western blotting分析结果表明：有一条特定的杂交带存在, 且分子量相同（约43kD）。进一步证明了含有真菌细胞色素P450nor基因的重组表达载体和重组病毒构建成功,并在昆虫细胞Sf9中实现了高效表达, 经MTT法测定表达的细胞色素P450nor具有还原NO的生物学活性。     

真菌-氧化氮还原酶细胞色素P-450nor 2 cDNA序列的测定

在真菌的反硝化作用中,一种细胞色素P-450起着一氧化氮还原酶的作用,被称为细胞色素P-450nor^[1]。最近的研究发现：真菌细胞色素P-450nor有三种类型。除了缣孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)P+450nor(即F．P-450nor)外。还有两种存在于柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon tonkinense)．即C. P-450norl和2^[2]。 F．P-450nox和C．P-450norl能以NADH为直接的电子供体,使NO还原生成N₂O。C. P-450nor2不仅能直接利用NADH。而且能直接利用NADPH．还原NO生成N₂O。F. P-450nor基因已被克隆和测序^[3-4]。本文测定了C．P-450nor2的eDNA编码区全序列,3’非编码区部分序列和5’引导序列。     

棉铃虫中肠微粒体P450的分离纯化

为深入研究棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera细胞色素P450的结构与功能,需要分离不同型的P450蛋白。作者建立了适用于棉铃虫中肠微粒体P450的纯化方法,包括聚乙二醇8000（PEG8000）沉淀、高效疏水作用色谱（HPHIC）和高效离子交换色谱（HPIEC）等连续分离步。SDS-PAGE（银染）显示,棉铃虫中肠微粒体经以上步骤分离纯化后,在含P450的馏分中检测出分子量分别为58 kD、47 kD、56 kD和45 kD的4条蛋白带。 P450的回收率为14.3%,比含量提高了39倍。     

藻类植物P450nor的生物信息学分析

氧化亚氮(N_2O)是一种重要温室气体,细菌、真菌、藻类和高等植物均可释放N_2O。细菌通过硝化与反硝化作用产生N_2O,真菌通过关键酶P450nor生成N_2O,但关于藻类和高等植物的N_2O产生机制迄今却鲜有报道。本研究以进化地位处于真菌和高等植物中间的藻类为对象,从Gen Bank中筛选出来自3种藻类(莱茵衣藻、胸状盘藻和小球藻)的3条P450nor蛋白相似序列并进行预测和分析,其功能预测结果显示,三者均为定位于线粒体中的可溶性非分泌型亲水性蛋白,具有Pfam P450保守结构域和3个保守motif,由此推测藻类P450nor具有较高的保守性;其进化分析结果表明,藻类与真菌P450nor具有较高同源关系。因此,推测藻类P450nor具有与真菌相似的生物学功能。由于藻类特殊的进化地位,这将为探究藻类与高等植物的N_2O产生机制及全球N_2O源汇不平衡提供科学依据和线索。     

重组鼠疫菌F1抗原的纯化及其在ELISA检测鼠疫免疫中的应用

从表达rF1抗原的大肠杆菌中以Superdex-200凝胶过滤层析纯化rF1抗原,电泳扫描显示纯化率>90%。SDS-PAGE及琼脂免疫双扩散结果显示纯化的rF1抗原具天然F1抗原的活性。将此纯化的rF1抗原用于间接ELISA分析免疫动物血清中抗F1抗体的水平,并与天然F1抗原相比较,证明rF1抗原优于天然F1抗原分析结果,可用于鼠疫的血清学检测。     

重组缣孢菌细胞色素P-450nor的性质研究

纯化的重组缣孢菌细胞色素P-450nor（recombinant fusarium oxysporum cytochrome P-450nor,rF·P-450nor）用于动力学研究. 测得米氏常数K_m(NO)和K_m(NADH)分别为0.128 mmol/L和0.208 mmol/L. V_max(N₂O)为11 363 min^-1. 光谱吸收特性研究表明：rF·P-450nor具有典型的血红素蛋白的特性,在413 nm有最大吸收峰. 加入还原剂Na₂S₂O₄时,最大吸收峰前移至405 nm. 与CO结合后,再加入还原剂Na₂S₂O₄时,在450 nm处表现最大吸收.与NO结合后,最大吸收峰移至430 nm附近. 这些光谱特征的变化与天然的F·P-450nor完全一致.     

真菌细胞色素P450nor与反硝化作用

阐述了真菌细胞色素P450nor的种类,结构和功能以及反硝化作用的机制,并介绍了真菌反硝化作用研究概况,细胞色P450nor的催化机制及 基因表达调控的研究进展。     

大肠杆菌表达的重组肿瘤坏死因子的纯化

采用离子交换层析分离纯化大肠杆菌表达的重组人肿瘤坏死因子（Ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｈｕｍａｎｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ－α,ｒｈＴＮＦ－α）,通过分步洗脱得到了含ｒｈＴＮＦ－α单一条带的色谱峰,比活达２．４×１０８Ｕ／ｍｇ,回收率为７７．２％,为ｒｈＴＮＦ－α的大规模制备及临床应用奠定了基础。     

圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶的分离纯化的特性

圆弧青霉突变株ＰＧ３７发酵液经离心、硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化得到了比活性为每毫克蛋白质５２００ｕ的碱性脂肪酶,纯化倍数１６．５,得率３３．２％,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）和ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电脉（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）上均呈现单一 白质条带。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和凝胶过滤分别测得酶的分子量为２７．５ｋＤ和２９．ｋＤ,表明该酶以单体形式存在。Ｎ末端１０个氨基酸的序列测     

Purification and characterization of hepatic microsomal prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 from pregnant rabbits

Prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase, designated as cytochrome P-450 LPG omega (P-450 LPG omega), has been purified, to a specific content of 15 nmol of cytochrome P-450/mg of protein, from liver microsomes of pregnant rabbits. The purified P-450 LPG omega was found to be homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and to have an apparent molecular weight of 52,000. The enzyme showed a maximum at 450 nm in the carbon monoxide (CO)-difference spectrum for its reduced form. This cytochrome P-450 efficiently catalyzed the omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha), prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), as well as the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of myristate and palmitate, in a reconstituted system containing cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, phospholipid, and cytochrome b5. Various monovalent and divalent cations further stimulated these reactions in the presence of cytochrome b5. In addition, the reactions were also markedly enhanced by various organic solvents, such as ethanol and acetone. This cytochrome P-450 showed no detectable activity toward several xenobiotics tested. P-450 LPG omega was very similar or identical to the pulmonary prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase (P-450p-2) (Yamamoto, S., Kusunose, E., Ogita, K., Kaku, M., Ichihara, K., & Kusunose, M. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 593-603) in its molecular weight, absorption spectra, catalytic activity, peptide mapping pattern, and N-terminal amino acid sequence. However, P-450 LPG omega was more unstable than P-450p-2 on storage. In sharp contrast to P-450p-2, P-450 LPG omega was not induced by progesterone.     

cDNA cloning and inducible expression during pregnancy of the mRNA for rabbit pulmonary prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450p-2)

We have isolated cDNA clones of the mRNA for prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450p-2) (Yamamoto, S., Kusunose, E., Ogita, K., Kaku, M., Ichihara, K., and Kusunose, M. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 96, 593-603) in rabbit lung by using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. The cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame of 1,470 nucleotides, the first 9 amino acids of which correspond to the residues 17-25 of cytochrome P-450p-2 determined from protein analysis. The predicted primary structure contains amino acid sequences of 23 tryptic fragments of cytochrome P-450p-2 and the deduced amino acid composition is in agreement with that determined from the purified protein. The complete polypeptide, including residues 1-16, contains 506 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 58,515. Cytochrome P-450p-2 shared 74% amino acid similarity with rat hepatic lauric acid omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450LA omega) (Hardwick, J.P., Song, B.-J., Huberman, E., and Gonzalez, F. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 801-810), whereas it showed less than 25% similarity to other forms of cytochrome P-450, indicating that the two cytochrome P-450s constitute a unique cytochrome P-450 gene family. DNA blot analysis of the total genomic DNA of rabbits suggest the presence of several genes or gene-like DNA sequences which cross-hybridized with the cloned cDNA. RNA blot analysis showed that progesterone treatment increased the amount of mRNA hybridizable to the cDNA by about 100-fold in the lung of rabbits as compared with the basal level without the treatment. This high level of the mRNA was also observed in the lung of pregnant rabbits.     

Effect of chronic treatment with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene on the male reproductive system in rats

Treatment of rats for 4 weeks with phenobarbital (PB) did not inhibit the growth of the seminal vesicles, nor did it affect the biosynthesis of testosterone by testis microsomes. Moreover, neither the concentration of cytochrome p-450 or the 17 α-hydroxylase activity in testis microsomes were affected. In contrast, treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) for 4 weeks markedly decreased the weights of the seminal vesicles. The decrease was probably related to an impairmant of testosterone formation in the gonads, since testosterone biosynthesis as well as the concentration of cytochrome p-450 and the activity of 17 α-hydroxylase in testis microsomes were significantly decreased in the 3-MC treated rats. No histopathological changes were seen in testes from any of the PB or 3-MC treated rats.     

cDNA cloning of cytochrome P-450 related to P-450p-2 from the cDNA library of human placenta. Gene structure and expression

We have isolated and analyzed cDNA (designated P-450HP cDNA) clones from a human placenta cDNA library, using the cDNA for rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450p-2, a prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase, as a hybridization probe. The cDNA obtained encoded a polypeptide comprising 511 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 58987 Da, and the amino acid sequence similarity with P-450p-2 and rat liver laurate omega-hydroxylase (P-450LA omega) was only about 50%. RNA blot analysis showed that the mRNA hybridizable with the human P-450HP cDNA was inducibly expressed 3-5-fold in rabbit small intestine and lung by gestation, but the expression remained constant in rabbit liver and kidney. This mode of expression was quite different from that of P-450p-2 and P-450LA omega. Interestingly, the mRNA hybridized with the cDNA of P-450HP was found to be expressed in all the human tumor tissues so far examined, in sharp contrast with the facts that almost all the other species of P-450s are known to disappear in the tumor tissues. Taken together, the deduced hemoprotein termed P-450HP dose not seem to be the human counterpart of rabbit P-450p-2 or rat P-450LA omega, and is presumably a new member of the P-450 family including P-450p-2 and P-450LA omega. Furthermore, the corresponding genomic DNA was also cloned and analyzed. The gene of P-450HP spanned 18.8 kb and was separated into 11 exons by 10 introns whose locations were completely different from those of P-450 genes so far determined.     

重组鼠疫菌F1抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

利用基因重组技术,用pET42(b+)质粒在大肠杆菌DE3中表达鼠疫菌F1抗原。经分析rF1抗原基因序列与天然F1抗原结构基因序列完全一致,电泳扫描测其表达量为25%:W estern B lot结果表明,rF1抗原可与F1特异性抗体相互作用,具有天然F1抗原的活性。用镍离子亲和层析纯化rF1抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,在其血清中可检测到高滴度的抗F1抗体。     

Amino terminal sequence analysis of human placenta aromatase

The amino acid composition and the amino-terminal amino acid sequence from position 1 to 21 of human placenta aromatase were determined. In addition, a cysteine containing peptide with a sequence homologous to those of peptides containing the cysteine residue which was suggested to provide the proximal thiolate ligand to the heme in other cytochrome p-450 isozymes, was identified. The results indicate that aromatase is a cytochrome p-450 protein, probably derived from a new cytochrome p-450 family.     

Overexpression,homology modeling and coenzyme docking studies of the cytochrome P450nor2 from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cylindrocarpon tonkinense</Emphasis>

Cytochrome P450nor catalyzes an unusual reaction that transfers electrons from NADP/NADPH to bound heme directly. To improve the expression level of P450nor2 from Cylindrocarpon tonkinense (C.P450nor2), Escherichia coli system was utilized to substitute the yeast system we constructed for expression of the P450nor2 gene, and the protein was purified in soluble form using Ni⁺-NTA affinity chromatography. In contrast to P450nor from Fusarium oxysporum (F.P450nor) and P450nor1 from Cylindrocarpon tonkinense (C.P450nor1), C.P450nor2 shows a dual specificity for using NADH or NADPH as electron donors. The present study developed a computational approach in order to illustrate the coenzyme specificity of C.P450nor2 for NADH and NADPH. This study involved homology modeling of C.P450nor2 and docking analyses of NADH and NADPH into the crystal structure of F.P450nor and the predictive model of C.P450nor2, respectively. The results suggested that C.P450nor2 and F.P450nor have different coenzyme specificity for NADH and NADPH; whilst the space around the B'-helix of the C.P450nor2, especially the Ser79 and Gly81, play a crucial role for the specificity of C.P450nor2. In the absence of the experimental structure of C.P450nor2, we hope that our model will be useful to provide rational explanation on coenzyme specificity of C.P450nor2.     

Denitrification by the fungus Cylindrocarpon tonkinense: anaerobic cell growth and two isozyme forms of cytochrome P-450nor.

We examined the denitrification system of the fungus Cylindrocapon tonkinense and found several properties distinct from those of the denitrification system of Fusarium oxysporum. C. tonkinense could form N2O from nitrite under restricted aeration but could not reduce nitrate by dissimilatory metabolism. Nitrite-dependent N2O formation and/or cell growth during the anaerobic culture was not affected by further addition of ammonium ions but was suppressed by respiration inhibitors such as rotenone or antimycin, suggesting that denitrification plays a physiological role in respiration. Dissimilatory nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase (Nor) activities could not be detected in cell extracts of the denitrifying cells. The Nor activity was purified and found to depend upon two isoenzymes of Cytochrome P-450nor (P-450nor), which were designated P-450nor1 and P-450nor2. These isozymes differed in the N-terminal amino acid sequence, isoelectric point, specificity to the reduced pyridine nucleotide (NADH or NADPH), and the reactivity to the antibody to P-450nor of F. oxysporum. the difference between the specificities to NADH and NADPH suggests that P-450nor1 and P-450nor2 play different roles in anaerobic energy acquisition.