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重金属胁迫引起的水稻和小麦幼苗DNA损伤 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
供试浓度的重金属Cu2 、Cd2 和Hg2 能在不同程度上导致水稻和小麦DNA损伤。 (1)Hg2 ≥ 0 .0 2 5mmol L、Cu2 和Cd2 ≥ 0 .1mmol L处理使水稻幼苗期外DNA合成速率显著高于对照 ,且当Cu2 、Cd2 和Hg2 浓度进一步增高时 ,水稻幼苗期外DNA合成速率呈现先上升而后较最大值有所下降的规律。 (2 ) 0 .1~1.0mmol L的Cu2 及 0 .1mmol L的Cd2 、Hg2 能引起水稻、小麦叶内DNA和蛋白质交联 ,并且这种和DNA交联的蛋白质易被胰蛋白酶水解。 (3) 0 .1~ 1.0mmol L的Hg2 及 1.0mmol L的Cd2 还能使水稻、小麦叶片内DNA链间发生交联 相似文献
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DNA超甲基化在小麦耐盐胁迫中的作用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
运用高效液相色谱技术测定小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)耐盐品种‘德抗961’和盐敏感品种‘豫麦34’盐胁迫后叶片和根DNA中5-甲基胞嘧啶百分含量的变化,结果表明,经150 mmol/L NaCl处理6 d后,‘德抗961’叶片和根DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量显著下降,但经150 mmol/L NaCl处理10 d后,耐盐品种‘德抗961’叶片和根DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量都比盐敏感品种‘豫麦34’的高。由此推测DNA超甲基化可能是植物耐盐机制的一部分。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是调节植物生长发育,调控逆境基因表达的表观遗传机制之一。该研究采用不同浓度的DNA甲基化抑制剂5-azaC处理耐盐性不同的春小麦种子,分析其对种子萌发及盐胁迫后叶片基因组DNA甲基化的影响,探究DNA甲基化与小麦耐盐性之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)5-azaC显著抑制幼苗根长伸长,降低根系鲜重和干重。(2)甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析发现,单独盐胁迫后甲基化水平上升, 5-azaC预处理材料经盐胁迫后甲基化水平呈下降趋势。(3)盐胁迫后基因组同时发生DNA去甲基化和DNA甲基化。敏盐品种‘新春6号’DNA去甲基化比率上升,DNA甲基化增加的比率下降;耐盐品种‘新春11号’DNA去甲基化比率和DNA甲基化增加的比率均上升,但去甲基化比率大于DNA甲基化增加的比率,说明盐胁迫引起的基因组DNA去甲基化为主,5-azaC预处理提高了盐胁迫下DNA去甲基化的比率。(4)DNA甲基化修饰位点序列分析发现,在核糖体亚基蛋白、蛋白激酶和转座子序列均存在DNA甲基化修饰现象,说明存在多种代谢途径共同参与了盐胁迫调控。 相似文献
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低剂量重离子辐射对水稻种子和幼苗DNA甲基化的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了研究低剂量重离子辐射对植物产生的表观遗传学效应,采用高传能线密度(62.2keV/μm)和低剂量(2Gy)的放射性束流^12C对水稻(Oryzasativa,japonica)的干种子和幼苗进行辐射。采用甲基化敏感限制性酶切多态性分析(MSAP)的方法对材料基因组CCGG位点的甲基化状态进行检测。共选用12对选择性引物扩增了共800个条带,其中有65个条带(8.13%)在种子辐射后发现呈多态性,而只有10个条带(1.3%)在幼苗辐射后发现呈多态性。统计学分析显示高能量低剂量的重离子对水稻种子和幼苗的基因组甲基化状态都产生了影响,而且种子受到辐射后产生的甲基化改变明显高于幼苗(P=0.011)。另外,甲基化和去甲基化变化类型的分析也表明种子和幼苗辐射后发生甲基化变化的趋势也不相同。 相似文献
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水稻冷胁迫诱导的甲基化差异片段CIDM7的分离和分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章采用基于AFLP的甲基化敏感扩增多态性的方法对5℃冷处理48小时的水稻9311叶片DNA胞嘧啶甲基化模式进行了初步研究,发现冷处理48小时后9311基因组中一些CCGG位点发生了重新甲基化或去甲基化,并获得一些与水稻cDNA高度同源的甲基化差异片段,其中CIDM7 (cold-inducing differential methylation)片段在冷胁迫后去甲基化。Northern杂交证明CIDM7在冷胁迫后增强表达。通过在日本晴全长cDNA数据库中的同源搜索获得其全长cDNA序列,该cDNA序列全长1422 bp,编码425个氨基酸,经氨基酸序列分析为一个具有F-box结构的假定蛋白。CIDM7为单拷贝,定位于日本晴10号染色体12.56 ~12.57 Mb。 相似文献
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硫营养对重金属胁迫下玉米和小麦根系导水率的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以‘秦单4号’玉米和‘小偃22’小麦为供试材料,通过室内玉米水堵和小麦盆栽试验,采用静态压力室法测定了不同硫营养水平与不同重金属胁迫处理下根系导水率(Lpr)的变化。结果表明:玉米Lpr经100μmol/LHg^2+、Zn^2+、Cu^2+胁迫处理后分别降低到CK的13%、79%和45%,Cu^2+、Zn^2+对其Lpr的抑制效应分别为同浓度Hg^2+的62.9%及24.3%;施硫处理的玉米Lpr在无Cu^2+胁迫条件下都极显著高于无硫处理,且低硫处理显著较高,在Cu^2+胁迫条件下亦都极显著高于无硫处理,并且Cu^2+胁迫对其Lpr的抑制效应随着硫浓度增大而逐渐减小;不施硫和施硫处理的小麦Lpr在500mg/kgZn^2+胁迫下分别比相应CK降低36.89%和37.71%,在400mg/kgCu^2+胁迫下则分别比相应CK降低了34.61%和12.29%。研究发现,重金属Cu^2+、Zn^2+对玉米和小麦根系导水率具有显著的抑制作用且Cu^2+〉Zn^2+,施硫对Cu^2+胁迫下的玉米和小麦根系导水率都具有显著的保护作用,并随硫浓度增加而增强。 相似文献
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重金属及其交互作用对小麦幼苗中金属含量的影响 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
有关复合污染的研究,在国内外已引起普遍重视,因为人们早已发现金属间的联合作用,可以大大改变某元素的生物活性或毒性,要比单个成分的作用更为重要。因此,研究环境中各种元素或化合物之间存在的拮抗作用和协同 相似文献
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Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious. Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. Compared with other biochar, bamboo charcoal has more unique properties and may have a unique effect on heavy metal pollution. Zhejiang Province of Southeastern China is rich in bamboo resources. However, few studies related to bamboo charcoal application for heavy metal remediation in farmland were reported. In this study, four treatments with different amounts of bamboo charcoal application were set up through a field experiment, namely BC0 (no bamboo charcoal application), BC1 (2500 kg⋅ha−1), BC2 (5000 kg⋅ha−1), and BC3 (10000 kg⋅ha−1), and each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that (1) The application of bamboo charcoal significantly increased the soil pH and organic matter content. Compared with BC0, the pH and organic content of BC3 increased by 7.4% and 17.4% (P < 0.05) respectively. (2) The HCl-extractable Cd content of paddy soil in the BC1 treatment was significantly lower than other treatments (P < 0.05), and decreased by 15.3%, compared with BC0. The soil HCl-extractable Zn and Cu content did not differ significantly between treatments (P > 0.05). (3) With the increase of bamboo charcoal application, the Cd content in rice gradually decreased, the BC3 treatment significantly decreased by 39.0% (P < 0.05), and the Zn and Cu contents in rice did not differ significantly between treatments (P > 0.05), compared with BC0. (4) Soil pH, organic matter and Cd in rice seeds were significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.01). The heavy metal content in rice does not change with the change of heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state in soil. It means bamboo charcoal does not reduce heavy metal content in rice by simply declining the heavy metal content with HCl-extractable state. The mechanism of action is relatively complicated, and further study is needed. 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传调控方式,可在转录前水平调节基因的表达.近年来的研究表明,动脉粥样硬化的发生发展与DNA甲基化密切相关. 对DNA甲基化模式改变在动脉粥样硬化发病的相关机制做深入研究,可能为动脉粥样硬化的诊治提供一种新的途径.本文将从基因组低甲基化、相关基因异常甲基化以及动脉粥样硬化危险因素的DNA甲基化等方面重点阐述DNA甲基化与动脉粥样硬化的关系. 相似文献
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DNA Methylation and Epigenotypes 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Holliday R 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2005,70(5):500-504
The science of epigenetics is the study of all those mechanisms that control the unfolding of the genetic program for development and determine the phenotypes of differentiated cells. The pattern of gene expression in each of these cells is called the epigenotype. The best known and most thoroughly studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, which provides a basis both for the switching of gene activities, and the maintenance of stable phenotypes. The human epigenome project is the determination of the pattern of DNA methylation in multiple cell types. Some methylation sites, such as those in repeated genetic elements, are likely to be the same in all cell types, but genes with specialized functions will have distinct patterns of DNA methylation. Another project for the future is the study of the reprogramming of the genome in gametogenesis and early development. Much is already known about the de novo methylation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells, but the significance of epigenetic defects during ageing and in some familial diseases remains to be determined. 相似文献