贺兰山西坡主要山地灌丛群落的基本特征

灌丛是贺兰山最主要的植被组分, 但关于该地区灌丛群落的专门研究并不多见。为了解该地区灌丛资源的分布及生长状况, 该研究对内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区内主要的山地灌丛群落进行样方调查, 通过分析样方数据, 量化描述了各群落的基本特征。结果表明: 贺兰山自然保护区沿海拔梯度主要有准噶尔栒子群系(Form. Cotoneaster soongoricus)、紫丁香群系(Form. Syringa oblata)、小叶金露梅群系(Form. Potentilla parvifolia)、虎榛子群系(Form. Ostryopsis davidiana)、小叶忍冬群系(Form. Lonicera microphylla)、银露梅群系(Form. Potentilla glabra)、山生柳群系(Form. Salix oritrepha)和鬼箭锦鸡儿群系(Form. Caragana jubata) 8种主要的山地灌丛群系。     

Spectral feature differences between shrub and grass communities and shrub coverage retri- eval in shrub-encroached grassland in Xianghuang Banner,Nei Mongol,China

Aims Shrub-encroached grassland has become an important vegetation type in China’s arid and semi-arid region. Our study objective is to explore the spectral features of shrub and grass communities, as well as their empirical relationships with shrub coverage. The quantitative estimation of shrub cover based on medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery provides the practical basis for long term retrieval of large areas of shrub expansion in the grassland region. Methods Linear models and Multiple Endmember Spectral Analysis Model (MESMA) based on medium resolution Landsat satellite imagery were developed to quantify the shrub coverage in a shrub-encroached grassland region in Xianghuang Banner, Nei Mongol using the spectral features and their seasonal differences between the shrub and grass communities. Important findings Compared to Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii dominated grass communities, Caragana microphylla community had a higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified red edge normalized difference vegetation index (mNDVI₇₀₅), and red edge slope. The red edge position of C. microphylla community shifted to longer wavelengths. The average and the maximum shrub coverage was 13% and 25%, respectively, in the shrub-encroached grassland based on both models. The correlation coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the linear model was 0.31 and 0.05, respectively. We found that the linear model based on seasonal differences of shrub and grass community was more suitable for retrieving shrub coverage in the study area from medium resolution imagery than the MESMA model that is based on mid-summer images.     

内蒙古西鄂尔多斯地区半日花荒漠群落特征及其分类

半日花(Helianthemum songaricum)为亚洲中部特有种和古地中海残遗植物, 其群落为内蒙古西鄂尔多斯地区的特有荒漠植物群落。该文以2016-2017年野外调查数据为基础, 结合相关文献资料, 对半日花荒漠群落的分布、群落特征及其分类进行了总结。结果表明: (1)半日花荒漠群落集中分布于黄河以东内蒙古西鄂尔多斯的阿尔巴斯山麓南北部、千里沟; 少量分布于黄河以西贺兰山北端内蒙古乌海市与阿拉善盟交界处及贺兰山最南端的内蒙古阿拉善盟与宁夏交界处明长城沿线的石质残丘。(2)根据样地调查, 半日花荒漠群落记录到种子植物58种, 隶属于17科39属, 其中灌木、半灌木18种, 多年生草本27种, 一年生草本植物13种; 水分生态类型中强旱生植物(15种)和旱生植物(29种)占绝对优势; 区系地理成分以中亚东部成分为主, 其次为古地中海成分和戈壁成分。(3)根据生活型和优势度, 半日花荒漠群落可分为半日花-草本荒漠群丛组、半日花-灌木-草本荒漠群丛组和半日花-半灌木荒漠群丛组, 进一步分为10个群丛。     

贺兰山野化牦牛冬春季食性

2008年11-12月和2009年4-5月对贺兰山野化牦牛的冬季和春季食性进行了分析,在其分布的哈拉乌沟收集冬季粪样500 g,春季粪样498 g,利用粪便显微分析法分析贺兰山牦牛取食植物的种类组成和比例,结果表明,冬季牦牛取食11科20种(属)植物,主要取食禾本科(59.10%)和菊科(26.05%)植物,其中针茅(35.86%)、冷蒿(23.96%)、冰草(8.28%)、莎草(7.60%)、虎尾草(6.81%)、芦苇(6.58%)构成了冬季食物总量的89.09%,为冬季主要食物。春季取食植物11科21种(属)植物,主要取食禾本科(52.76%)和莎草科(18.80%)植物,其中针茅(22.72%)、莎草(18.80%)、冰草(13.23%)、狗尾草(9.93%)、唐松草(6.46%)、冷蒿(6.31%)占春季食物总量的77.45%,为春季主要食物。此外,冬春季均取食一定量的毛茛科和豆科植物。冬春季针茅都是贺兰山野化牦牛的大宗食物。冬季食物生态位宽度低于春季,而Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均高于春季。     

祁连山北坡灌木群落数量分类与排序

植物群落的空间分布格局是异质生境条件下物种种间相互作用的结果,其分异规律及其与环境因子的关系研究有助于认识植物的生态适应性。本文基于祁连山北坡28个样地的调查数据,采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)法探讨了灌木群落的空间分布与环境因子间相互关系。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN分类将祁连山北坡灌木植被划分为盐爪爪+珍珠猪毛菜(Ass.Kalidium foliatum+Lyonia ovalifolia)、灌木亚菊+合头草(Ass.Ajania fruticulosa+Sympegma regelii)、合头草+茵陈蒿(Ass.Sympegma regelii+Artemisia capillaries)、珍珠猪毛菜+多根葱(Ass.Lyonia ovalifolia+Allium polyrhizum)、甘蒙锦鸡儿+针茅(Ass.Caragana opulens+Stipa capillata)、鬼箭锦鸡儿+高山柳(Ass.Caragana jubata+Salix cupularis)和金露梅+珠芽蓼(Ass.Dosiphora fruticosa+Polygonum viviparum)等7个群丛类型;(2)CCA排序结果表明,海拔和土壤全盐量是影响祁连山北坡灌木群落分布的主要环境因子,有机质、土壤含水量、土壤容重和p H值是次要因子,速效磷和速效钾对植物群落的影响较弱。     

Shrub encroachment effect on the evapotranspiration and its component—A numerical simulation study of a shrub encroachment grassland in Nei Mongol,China

Aims Shrub encroachment is a common global change phenomenon occurring in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the difficulty of partitioning evapotranspiration into shrub plants, grass plants and soil in the field, there are few studies focusing on shrub encroachment effect on the evapotranspiration and its component in China. This study aims to illustrate shrub encroachment effect on evapotranspiration by the numerical modeling method. Methods A two-source model was applied and calibrated with the measured evapotranspiration (ET) by the Bowen ratio system to simulate evapotranspiration and its component in a shrub encroachment grassland in Nei Mongol, China. Based on the calibrated model and previous shrub encroachment investigation, we set three scenarios of shrub encroachment characterized by relative shrub coverage of 5%, 15% and 30%, respectively, and quantified their effects caused by shrub encroachment through localized and calibrated two-source model.Important findings The two-source model can well reconstruct the evapotranspiration characteristics of a shrub encroachment grassland. Sensitivity analysis of the model shows that errors for the input variables and parameters have small influence on the result of partitioning evapotranspiration. The result shows that shrub encroachment has relatively small influence on the total amount of ET, but it has clear influence on the proportion of the components of evapotranspiration (E/ET). With shrub coverage increasing from 5% to 15% and then 30%, the evapotranspiration decreased from 182.97 to 180.38 and 176.72 W·m^-2, decreasing amplitude values of 0.34% and 0.44%, respectively. On average, E/ET rises from 52.9% to 53.9% and 55.5%, increasing amplitude values to 2.04% and 3.25%. Data analysis indicates that shrub encroachment results in smaller soil moisture changes, but clear changes of ecosystem structure (decreasing ecosystem leaf area index while increasing vegetation height) which lead to the decrease of transpiration fraction through decreasing canopy conductance. The research highlights that, with the shrub encroachment, more water will be consumed as soil evaporation which is often regarded as invalid part of evapotranspiration and thus resulting in the decrease of water use efficiency.     

华北地区主要灌丛群落物种组成及系统发育结构特征

灌丛在中国北方广泛分布, 研究其物种组成特征及构建机制对植被恢复有重要意义。群落系统发育结构能有效反映群落组成的生态过程, 对揭示群落构建机制具有重要作用。该研究利用华北地区自然植物群落资源综合考察数据库的灌丛数据, 分析了中国华北地区主要灌丛群落的分布情况、物种组成及其系统发育结构特征。同时, 结合WorldClim数据库中的气候因子利用逐步回归和一般线性模型分析了气温和降水对灌丛不同垂直结构层物种系统发育结构特征的影响。经统计, 共调查木本植物75科207属570种; 草本植物99科491属1 221种。按植被型和群系类型分类后, 共有5种植被型, 195个群系, 其中分布最多的群系类型为虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana)灌丛、荆条(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)灌丛、荆条+酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba)灌丛和沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)灌丛。整体上, 草本层的物种丰富度高于灌木层。草本层的系统发育结构表现为发散模式, 而灌木层的系统发育结构表现为聚集模式, 且不同植被型灌丛的系统发育结构不同。气候因子的变化对灌木层和草本层系统发育结构都表现出了明显的影响, 但对灌木层的影响要强于对草本层的影响, 且气候因子和植被型、群系类型都有明显的交互作用。分析结果表明, 区域尺度上气温和降水的变化会影响灌丛群落不同结构层的系统发育结构特征, 且对不同的植被型和群系类型的影响不同。     

澳门路环岛灌丛群落的特征

初步分析了澳门路环岛灌丛群落的种类组成及种群的多度、频度、重要值及外貌,结果表明:群落植物种类丰富,种属组成分散,具有典型的南亚热带区系特点。广东蒲桃、豺皮樟、亮叶柃、桃金娘等在群落中占明显优势,但本区灌丛群落均匀性偏低。具有较高丰富度的种类仅占很少部分,可能与乔木缺乏和种群竞争有关。群落的外貌主要是由小型和中型落叶草质及常绿革质、全缘单叶的高位芽植物所决定的。在分析灌丛群落特征的基础上,对其生态保护提出了建议。     

广西大石围天坑群不同植物群落的特征

大石围天坑群孕育了极为丰富的植物多样性资源。为进一步了解大石围天坑群植物群落特征, 该文在天坑不同位置(坑口、坑腰、坑底)以及坑外共布设25个样地, 采用样方法进行调查, 共鉴定出269种维管植物, 隶属于89科176属, 群落物种组成数量较多的科主要有樟科、蔷薇科、荨麻科等。群落成层现象明显, 各层优势种分布较为均匀, 其中乔木层优势种主要有香木莲(Manglietia aromatica)、南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)、掌叶木(Handeliodendron bodinieri)等, 灌木层优势种有异叶梁王茶(Metapanax davidii)、滇鼠刺(Itea yunnanensis)等, 草本层以楼梯草属(Elatostema)占优势。群落季相明显, 以常绿、落叶阔叶混交林为主, 底部有常绿阔叶林分布, 坑口边缘小面积分布有落叶阔叶林; 群落生活型谱: 高位芽植物为55.76%, 地上芽植物为29.74%, 地面芽植物为6.69%, 隐芽植物为5.21%, 一年生植物为2.60%。该文分析了天坑植物群落类型、组成、结构等特征。     

秦岭落叶阔叶林25 ha森林动态监测样地物种组成与群落特征

秦岭落叶阔叶林是温带-亚热带过渡区保存较好的植被类型, 群落结构复杂。为了研究该过渡区植被的生物多样性维持机制, 按照CTFS (Center for tropical Forest Science)和中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CForBio)的建设标准, 于2015年在陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区的落叶阔叶林建立了一块面积25 ha的动态监测样地。本文对样地内胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm的所有木本植物进行了调查和统计, 分析了其物种组成、区系特征、径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明: 样地内DBH ≥ 1 cm的木本植物独立个体有47,739株, 隶属于36科66属119种。温带区系成分的科和属分别占总科数和总属数的41.18%和60.00%, 温带区系特征明显。稀有种有51种, 占总树种的42.86%。落叶树种有106种, 占总树种的89.07%, 在样地内占绝对优势。重要值≥ 1的物种共有20个, 分别占样地总个体数和总胸高断面积的70.35%和57.41%, 重要值最大的物种分别是乔木层的锐齿栎(Quercus aliena var. acutesrrata)、亚乔木层的水榆花楸(Sorbus alnifolia)和灌木层的刺叶栎(Q. spinosa)。样地内所有个体的平均胸径为8.61 cm, 整体径级分布呈倒”J”型, 小径级个体较多, 群落更新良好。除了太白杨(Populus purdomii), 样地内优势种表现出大尺度的聚集分布, 且它们的分布与生境紧密相关, 不同物种表现出不同的生境偏好。     

Population structure and spatial pattern of Caragana tibetica communities in Nei Mongol shrub-encroached grassland

Aims The community structure and function of the shrub-encroached grassland, as well as its formation mechanism, is one of hot scientific problems in vegetation science. The spatial pattern analysis is an important means for studying plant population interactions and the relationships between plant population and environment. The shrub-encroached grassland is one major vegetation type in Nei Mongol. Knowledge on the spatial pattern of shrub can improve our understanding on adaptive characteristics of shrub to steppe environment.
Methods We chose Caragana tibetica encroached grassland distributed in Ordos City as research objects. The spatial position of each C. tibetica individual in 64 m × 64 m study plot was determined by a method of “three-distance location method”, and then the spatial pattern and intraspecific associations of C. tibetica individuals was analyzed with the point pattern analysis.
Important findings The results showed that C. tibetica population was at the rising stage. The mature individuals showed a uniform distribution at the scale of less than 3.7 m, subsequently exhibiting a random distribution with an increased scale. The juvenile individuals showed an aggregation distribution at the scale of 0.3-20.4 m, but a uniform distribution at other scales. The dead C. tibetica individuals were distributed aggregately at the scale from 0.7 to 1.4 m, but randomly at other scales. An indistinctive positive association was found for live C. tibetica individuals to dead individuals at the scale of less than 9.9 m, but no associations was found between them at other scales. The mature individuals negatively interacted with juveniles at the scale of larger than 2.2 m, but unassociated at the other scales.     

贺兰山东坡典型植物群落多样性垂直分布特征与土壤因子的关系

深入探究山地生态系统植物群落多样性与关键土壤因子的关系及土壤因子在植物群落构建与多样性维持中的重要作用是区域生物多样性保护和生态系统服务功能综合提升的基础。本文采用冗余分析（Redundancy analysis,RDA）和相关分析揭示了贺兰山东坡典型植物群落多样性垂直分布格局与土壤因子的关系。结果表明：（1）贺兰山东坡植物群落多样性具有明显的垂直分布格局,针阔叶混交林植物物种组成最为丰富,中域效应明显;不同层次植物多样性随海拔升高变化趋势不一致且各自在不同海拔间差异显著（P<0.05）,植物多样性大体表现为草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层。（2）研究区土壤因子沿海拔梯度变化趋势不同,均存在显著差异（P<0.05）,其中土壤含水量（SM）、有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）含量空间变异性较大;高山灌丛草甸土壤养分含量最高,高海拔区土壤P限制高。（3）9个土壤因子解释了研究区总体植物多样性89.68%的生态信息,与植物多样性具有较强的相关性,影响不同层次植物多样性垂直分异的关键土壤因子略有不同。综上,土壤有机碳、pH、碳磷比、含水量是影响贺兰山东坡植物多样性空间分布的主要驱动因子。     

Effects of nitrogen addition on the plant diversity and biomass of degraded grasslands of Nei Mongol,China

人为干扰及气候变化导致内蒙古草地发生了大面积退化, 氮添加是促进退化草地生产力恢复的一项重要措施。该文基于2011年建立的氮肥添加实验平台, 以3个不同退化程度(中度退化、重度退化、极度退化)草地群落为研究对象, 设置对照、10、20、30、40和50 g·m ^-2·a ^-1 6种氮添加处理, 分析氮添加对退化草地恢复过程中群落多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明: (1)氮添加降低了中度、重度退化草地恢复进程中物种丰富度和多样性, 对极度退化草地恢复进程中物种丰富度和多样性无明显影响。(2)氮添加促进了3个不同退化程度草地恢复进程中群落地上生物量的增加。(3)氮添加显著增加了群落中禾草的地上生物量及其在群落地上生物量中所占的比例, 降低了杂类草在群落地上生物量中的比例, 但对杂类草地上生物量无显著影响。研究表明在利用施肥措施治理退化草地的过程中, 需要充分考虑草地退化程度以及由氮添加引起的群落多样性和生产力的改变对草地生态系统功能的影响。     

Effects of nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis in the temperate grassland of Nei Mongol,China

Aims The increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition due to human activity and climate change greatly causes grassland ecosystems shifting from being naturally N-limited to N-eutrophic or N-saturated, and further affecting the growth of grass species. The aims of this study are: 1) to evaluate the effects of different N addition levels on morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis; 2) to determine the critical N level to facilitate L. chinensis growth.
Methods We conducted a different N addition levels experiment in dominant species in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol. The aboveground biomass, morphological and leaf physiological traits, pigment contents, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and biochemical parameters of L. chinensis were investigated.
Important findings Our results showed that aboveground biomass first increased and then decreased with the increased N, having the highest values at the 10 g N·m^-2·a^?1 treatment, but the 25 g N·m^-2·a^?1 still significantly increased the aboveground biomass relative to 0 g N·m^-2·a^?1. Leymus chinensis accommodate low N situation through allocating less N to carboxylation system and decreasing leaf mass per area (LMA) in order to get more light energy. Moderate N addition captured more light energy through increasing total chlorophyll (Chl) contents and decreasing the ratio of Chl a/b. Moderate N addition increased LMA, carboxylation efficiency, maximum carboxylation rate (V_cmax), maximum electron transport rate (J_max) and decreased J_max/V_cmax, thus allocating more N to carboxylation system to enhance carboxylation capability. Moreover, the photochemical activity of PSII was increased through higher effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transport rate and photochemical quenching coefficient. Excessive N addition had negative effects on physiological variables of L. chinensis due to lower carboxylation capability and photochemical activity of PSII, further leading to decreased net photosynthetic rate, whereas increased non-photochemical quenching coefficient and carotenoids played the role in the dissipation of excess excitation energy. Overall, moderate N addition facilitated the photosynthetic characteristics of dominant species, but excessive N addition inhibited photosynthetic characteristics. The most appropriate N addition for the growth of L. chinensis was 5-10 g N·m^-2·a^?1 in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol, China.     

贺兰山西坡植被群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

通过SPSS聚类分析和CANOCO排序研究了贺兰山西坡植被分布与环境因子的关系,结果表明:在海拔梯度上,贺兰山西坡植被大致可以划分珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)-红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)群落、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)-大针茅(Stipa grandis)群落和蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica )-灰榆(Ulmus glaucescens)群落3种类型.从典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果来看,不同植被群落与环境因子的关系存在明显的分异.在珍珠猪毛菜-红砂群落,第一排序轴反映了土壤盐碱化梯度,沿着藏锦鸡儿群落-珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落-珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落序列,土壤盐碱化程度不断增强;第二排序轴则反映了土壤结构梯度,沿着藏锦鸡儿群落-珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落-珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落序列,土壤质地逐渐粗化;在短花针茅-大针茅群落,第一排序轴反映了土壤水分梯度,第二排序轴反映了海拔梯度上的水热组合梯度;在蒙古扁桃-灰榆群落,第一排序轴反映了土壤pH梯度,沿着灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落-蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落-蒙古扁桃群落序列,土壤pH值逐渐下降;第二排序轴主要反映了土壤结构梯度,沿着蒙古扁桃群落-灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落-蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落序列,土壤中粉粒、粘粒含量逐渐增加,土壤质地呈细化趋势.     

桂西不同灌丛植物群落物种组成及其多样性

该研究通过野外设定样方、每木检尺的方法,调查了桂西9个市县的10种不同灌丛类型群落,分析了灌丛群落优势种重要值、物种组成、生长指标和物种多样性指数等生物学特征。结果表明：桂西灌丛资源丰富、分布广泛、类型多样,在调查的10个群落类型中,共有灌木树种87种,隶属于47科78属,以大戟科、蔷薇科和马鞭草科的树种较多;草本56种,隶属于31科48属,以禾本科、菊科和蔷薇科为主。灌丛群落主要分为灌木层和草本层,灌木层盖度为30％~70％,灌木的平均高度介于0.75~3.25 m之间,一般不超过5 m;草本层盖度为3％~90％,草本的平均高度在0.4~1.3 m之间,一般在1 m以下。不同灌丛群落的优势种重要值、物种多样性均不同,单优势种群落的优势种重要值普遍较高;而多优势种群落的物种多样性指数较高,即多优势种群落的物种数量多、分布均匀、结构更加复杂和稳定。物种丰富度S、多样性指数H′、优势度指数D和均匀度指数E之间存在显著的正相关性。综合分析,群落9(白栎＋马桑＋火棘灌丛)和群落10(黄荆＋灰毛浆果楝灌丛)的组成丰富、多样性水平较高。     

云南新平铁坚油杉森林群落结构特征

摸清珍稀濒危抗旱植物铁坚油杉(Keteleeria davidiana)的种群数量及其分布情况, 能够为珍稀濒危物种保护工作提供基础数据。该文对云南省新平县6个乡镇铁坚油杉群落进行样方调查分析, 每个乡镇设置3个样方, 样方面积为20 m × 20 m, 记录样方生境信息、统计群落物种组成及其数量特征, 对群落类型及其结构特征进行了统计和分析。主要结果: (1)在调查样地内, 共有维管束植物163种, 隶属于58科131属; (2)植物群落区系分布类型有12种, 以热带成分和中国特有种为主, 热带成分占优势; (3)群落内乔木和灌木植物最多, 占62.58%, 其次是多年生草本植物; (4)按照建群种和生活型, 可将18组植被样方数据划分为3个群系17个群落类型; (5)年龄结构不合理, 铁坚油杉种群结构呈衰退趋势, 自然居群已成为小种群。如果铁坚油杉群落没有足够的幼苗进行更新和补充, 铁坚油杉将退出当前的群落。     

贺兰山岩羊的数量与分布

2003年11～12月,采用样线调查法对贺兰山东坡(宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区)和西坡(内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区)境内岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)种群的数量与分布进行了调查。共记录岩羊实体141群746只。在宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区和内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区范围内均有岩羊分布,但东坡岩羊的平均群大小为6·03只,西坡为3·24只;东坡的遇见率为0·32只/km,西坡的遇见率为0·19只/km。卡方检验表明,贺兰山东、西坡的平均群大小和遇见率均存在极显著差异,东坡是岩羊的主要分布区。利用DISTANCE5·0软件估计贺兰山东坡岩羊的密度为5·144只/km2,种群数量为10611只;西坡的密度为2·532只/km2,种群数量为1714只;整个贺兰山地区岩羊的估计密度是4·445只/km2,种群数量为12178只。     

Scale-dependent spatial patterns of species diversity in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China

Aims Spatial distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of species diversity are fundamental issues in community ecology. The objectives of this study are to assess the species diversity patterns at the different spatial scales in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China.
Methods Based on the dataset from the 60 hm² plot in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, the spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices were analyzed at six spatial scales, including 5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 40 m × 40 m, 100 m × 100 m, and 200 m × 200 m, respectively.Important findings
Results showed that spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance and Shannon-Wiener index were much more obviously changed with the spatial scales than Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices. Change of variance of the species richness with the increase of spatial scales was unimodal, which had the maximum value at the 20 m × 20 m scale. Variance of the species abundance showed a linear relationship with the increase of spatial scales. The positive relationship between species richness and abundance gradually decreased and even disappeared with the increase of sampling scales, which may be correlated with the increase of habitat heterogeneity. The effects of spatial scales on Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou’s evenness indices may be also correlated with the composition of rare species in the plot.     

大别山南坡森林植物群落物种多样性及其与海拔因子的关系

大别山地区植物资源丰富,区系组成复杂且起源古老,为连接华东、华北和华中三大植物区系的纽带,也是我国重要的生物多样性保护和水源涵养生态功能区。采用样方法,在大别山南坡的多枝尖、庵基坪和麒麟沟3个地区,沿着不同海拔高度选取了具有代表性的森林植物群落进行研究,从不同植物群落类型和层次的物种多样性、均匀度和丰富度及其与海拔因子的关系等方面,对大别山南坡的森林植物群落物种多样性进行综合分析。结果表明:1. 共记录有植物108科270属449种,划分为20个森林植物群落类型;2. 森林植物群落各层次物种丰富度表现为草本>乔木>灌木;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数呈现出乔木>灌木>草本;Pielou均匀度指数变化较为复杂;3. 森林植物群落各层次的物种丰富度随海拔升高而下降;Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数也表现为随着海拔升高而下降,但草本层在1400m之后有上升的趋势。Pielou指数在乔木层中表现为随着海拔的升高而下降,在草本层中表现为先下降后出现上升,在灌木层中则随着海拔的升高而上升,但其波动更为剧烈。本研究对大别山南坡森林植被大范围的采样观测研究,能够全面的展现大别山南坡森林植物的种类分布、空间组成等整体概况及其与海拔因子的关系,能为以后大别山南坡生物多样性的保护提供较为全面真实的数据,从而为大别山地区生物多样性的保护和可持续利用提供理论依据和实践意义。