氮磷供应量及比例对灰绿藜种子性状的影响

全球氮沉降不仅改变土壤氮和磷的有效性, 同时也改变氮磷比例。氮磷供应量、比例及其交互作用可能会影响植物种子性状。该研究在内蒙古草原基于沙培盆栽实验种植灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum), 设置3个氮磷供应量水平和3个氮磷比例的正交实验来探究氮磷供应量、比例及其交互作用对灰绿藜种子性状的影响。结果发现氮磷供应量对种子氮浓度、磷浓度和萌发率影响的相对贡献(15%-24%)大于氮磷比例(3%-7%), 而种子大小只受氮磷比例的影响。同时氮磷供应量和比例之间的交互作用显著影响种子氮浓度和磷浓度。同等氮磷比例情况下, 低量养分供应提高种子氮浓度、磷浓度和萌发率。氮磷比例只有在养分匮乏的环境中才会对种子大小和萌发率产生显著影响。总之, 灰绿藜种子不同性状对氮或磷限制的敏感性不同, 同时种子性状也对养分限制表现出适应性和被动响应。     

Effects of the supply levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed traits of Chenopodium glaucum北大核心CSCD

Aims Global nitrogen (N) deposition not only alters soil N and phosphorus (P) availability, but also changes their ratio. The levels and ratios of N and P supply and their interaction may simultaneously influence plant seed traits. However, so far there has been no experiments to distinguish these complex impacts on plant seed traits in the field. Methods A pot experiment with a factorial design of three levels and ratios of N and P supply was conducted in the Nei Mongol grassland to explore the effects of levels and ratios of N and P supply and their interaction on seed traits of Chenopodium glaucum. Important findings We found that the relative contribution (15%–24%) of N and P supply levels in affecting the N concentrations, P concentrations and germination rates of seeds was larger than that (3%–7%) of N:P supply ratios, whereas seed size was only significantly influenced by N:P. Simultaneously, seed N and P concentrations were impacted by the interaction of N and P supply levels and ratios. At the same N:P, decrease in nutrient supply levels increased seed N concentrations, P concentrations and germination rates. N:P supply ratios only had a significant effect on seed size and germination rates under low nutrient levels. Overall, these results indicate that different seed traits of C. glaucum show different sensitivities to N or P limitations, leading to adaptive and passive responses under different nutrient limitations. This study presents the the first field experiment to distinguish the effects of nutrient supply levels, ratios and their interactions on plant seed traits, which provides a new case study on the influences of global N deposition on future dynamics of plant population and community. © Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology.     

Responses of wetland graminoids to the relative supply of nitrogen and phosphorus

The biomass production of wetland vegetation can be limited by nitrogen or phosphorus. Some species are most abundant in N-limited vegetation, and others in P-limited vegetation, possibly because growth-related traits of these species respond differently to N versus P supply. Two growth experiments were carried out to examine how various morphological and physiological traits respond to the relative supply of N and P, and whether species from sites with contrasting nutrient availability respond differently. In experiment 1, four Carex species were grown in nutrient solutions at five N:P supply ratios (1.7, 5, 15, 45, 135) combined with two levels of supply (geometric means of N and P supply). In experiment 2, two Carex and two grass species were grown in sand at the same .ve N:P supply ratios combined with three levels of supply and two light intensities (45% or 5% daylight). After 12-13 weeks of growth, plant biomass, allocation, leaf area, tissue nutrient concentrations and rates and nutrient uptake depended signi.cantly on the N:P supply ratio, but the type and strength of the responses differed among these traits. The P concentration and the N:P ratio of shoots and roots as well as the rates of N and P uptake were mainly determined by the N:P supply ratio; they showed little or no dependence on the supply level and relatively small interspeci.c variation. By contrast, the N concentration, root mass ratio, leaf dry matter content and speci.c leaf area were only weakly related to the N:P supply ratio; they mainly depended on plant species and light, and partly on overall nutrient supply. Plant biomass was determined by all factors together. Within a level of light and nutrient supply, biomass was generally maximal (i.e. co-limited by N and P) at a N:P supply ratio of 15 or 45. All species responded in a similar way to the N:P supply ratio. In particular, the grass species Phalaris arundinacea and Molinia caerulea showed no differences in response that could clearly explain why P. arundinacea tends to invade P-rich (N-limited) sites, and M. caerulea P-limited sites. This may be due to the short duration of the experiments, which investigated growth and nutrient acquisition but not nutrient con­servation.     

Effects of localized nitrogen supply treatments on growth and root parameters in Pinus massoniana families under phosphorus deficiency

Aims A heterogeneous spatially distribution of nutrients in natural soil may affect plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of localized nitrogen (N) supply treatments on growth traits and root parameters among different families in Pinus massoniana.Methods Five families of P. massoniana seedlings from full-sib progenies were used as test materials (1, 25, 49, 52, and 57). This study included two conditions, (i.e. homogeneous phosphorus (P) deficiency vs. heterogeneous P efficiency) among soil layers in combination with four N supply treatments in a one-year pot experiment. These N supply treatments were: (1) Homogeneously high N along the soil profile (HHH); (2) high N-high N-low N (HHL); (3) low N-low N-high N (LLH); (4) low N-low N-on side with N addition and the other side without N supply (LLH/L).Important findings This study indicated that localized N supply treatment did enhance the growth of P. massoniana, and this enhancement mainly happened in the pattern of N applied to deep soil. The results showed: 1) Compared to the homogeneous low P condition, there were increase in the growth traits and root parameters of P. massoniana under heterogeneous low P condition. Particularly, the root length and root surface area under the heterogeneous P deficiency condition were 1.95 times and 2.11 times higher than that subjected to the homogeneous P deficiency. 2) Localized N supply treatment affected seedling growth, and there was a significant interaction among N supply pattern and P condition. In compared with homogeneous N supply treatment, the height, basal diameter and dry weight of seedlings increased significantly by localized N supply treatments (LLH and/or LLH/L) under both two P deficiency conditions. But when the seedlings parameters were enhanced under homogeneous P deficiency, they were inhibited under heterogeneous P deficiency subjected to HHL. 3) Within the two P conditions, LLH and LLH/L stimulated root proliferation significantly, and root parameters were significantly enhanced under the heterogeneous P deficiency condition. Specifically, the root length and root surface area subjected to LLH/L rather than HHH were significantly enhanced by 29.2% and 32.3%, respectively. However, the length and surface area of the roots were suppressed by HHL treatment. 4). There were significant differences in response to different N supply treatments among P. massoniana families Seedlings in the families of 49, 52, and 57 responded to the localized N supply treatments with increased root proliferation, which enhanced seedling dry mass. On the other hand, the seedling growth in the family of 25 were stimulated by N and (or) P concentration, while the response of seedlings in the family of 1 to local nitrogen supply was relatively slow and exhibited growth retardation.     

增温对苔原土壤和典型植物叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量学特征的影响

为探讨苔原植被对气候变暖的响应模式, 采用开顶箱增温法, 研究了3个生长季增温对长白山苔原3种代表植物——牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron aureum)、笃斯越桔(Vaccinium uliginosum)和东亚仙女木(Dryas octopetala var. asiatica)的叶片及土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其比值的影响。结果表明: 增温使土壤N和P的含量分别增加5.88%和4.83%, C含量降低13.19%; 增温和对照(不增温)条件下, 植物叶片的C、N、P含量及其比值在生长季有明显的变化。增温使笃斯越桔和东亚仙女木叶片的P含量分别增加10.34%和12.87%, 牛皮杜鹃则降低了16.26%, 增温并没有明显改变3种植物叶片的C、N含量, 但牛皮杜鹃和东亚仙女木叶片的C:N值在增温条件下呈现增加趋势。增温使土壤可利用的N、P含量增加。增温对3种植物的C:N值, 牛皮杜鹃、笃斯越桔的P含量, 以及东亚仙女木的C:P值都产生了显著的影响。结果表明增温增加了长白山苔原P元素对植物生长的限制, 且3种植物叶片的C、N、P化学计量学特性对增温的响应模式和尺度没有表现出一致性。     

Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus

调整叶性状和生物量分配格局是植物适应环境变化的主要途径, 研究车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应对认识车桑子在氮磷浓度变化下的适应策略具有重要意义。该研究通过砂培法, 测定不同氮浓度(3、5、15、30 mmol·L^-1)与不同磷浓度(0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L^-1)下车桑子幼苗的生长、生物量分配、叶性状的响应特征及其相互关系。结果表明: 高浓度氮(30 mmol·L^-1)促进了车桑子幼苗生长、叶片氮含量和生物量积累, 其余氮添加条件(3、5、15 mmol·L^-1)下车桑子幼苗各性状无显著差异, 但相比高氮水平, 其生物量积累和叶片氮含量显著降低, 根冠比和氮利用效率显著增加。随着磷添加浓度的增加, 车桑子幼苗生物量显著增加, 低磷条件(0.25、0.5 mmol·L^-1)限制了车桑子幼苗生长和生物量积累, 其根冠比和磷利用效率均没有发生显著变化, 但比叶面积和叶/茎生物量比例显著增加, 叶干物质含量显著降低。氮处理下, 叶片氮含量与根冠比显著负相关; 磷处理下, 叶片氮含量与比叶面积显著正相关。同时, 氮处理下, 车桑子幼苗株高、基径、总生物量等生长性状均与根冠比显著负相关, 与叶片氮含量显著正相关, 表明根冠比和叶片氮含量的调整在车桑子适应氮限制中发挥重要作用; 而磷处理下, 株高、基径、总生物量与比叶面积显著负相关, 与叶干物质含量显著正相关, 表明叶片结构性状的调整在车桑子适应低磷环境中具有重要意义。该研究表明, 车桑子幼苗生物量分配和叶性状及性状间的权衡策略对氮、磷的响应具有明显差异性, 在今后的研究中, 应关注氮和磷对植物性状影响的差异性。     

Effects of different nitrogen:phosphorus levels on the growth and ecological stoichiometry of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Aims The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has accelerated N cycling of ecosystems, probably resulting in increases in phosphorus (P) demand of ecosystems. Studies on the effects of artificial N:P treatment on the growth and carbon (C), N, P ecological stoichiometry of desert steppe species could provide not only a new insight into the forecasting of how the interaction between soils and plants responses to long-term atmospheric N deposition increase, but also a scientific guidance for sustainable management of grassland in northern China under global climate change. Methods Based on a pot-cultured experiment conducted for Glycyrrhiza uralensis (an N-fixing species) during 2013 to 2014, we studied the effects of different N:P supply ratios (all pots were treated with the same amount of N but with different amounts of P) on aboveground biomass, root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils. Additionally, through the correlation analyses between biomass and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in leaves, roots, and soils, we compared the differences among the C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of the three pools, and discussed the indication of C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in soils for the growth and nutrient uptake of G. uralensis. Important findings The results showed that, reducing N:P decreased C:P and N:P ratios both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils but increased aboveground biomass and root biomass of G. uralensis, indicating that low to moderate P addition increased P availability of soils and P uptake of G. uralensis. However, excessive low N:P (high P addition) led to great decreases in soil C:P and N:P ratios, thus hindering N uptake and the growth of G. uralensis. C:N:P ratios in the two pools of G. uralensis (especially in leaves) had close correlations with soil C:N:P ratio, indicating that the change in soil C:N:P ratio would have a direct influence on plants. Our results suggest that, through regulating C:N:P ratio in leaves and soils, appropriate amounts of P addition could balance soil P supply and plant P demand and compensate the opposite influences of long-term atmospheric N deposition increase on the structure of desert steppe.     

Effects of light intensity variation on nitrogen and phosphorus contents,allocation and limitation in five shade-enduring plants

Aims To enhance the understanding on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) physiological responses to different light environments in shade-enduring plants and provide references to improve the stand structure and ecosystem functions of plantation forests.Methods We selected seedlings of five shade-enduring species with high ecological and economic value in subtropical area of China to study the effects of light intensity on leaf N and P contents, allocation and nutrient limitation in shade-enduring plants. A light intensity gradient of five different levels was set to simulate the varying understory light environment.Important findings With decreasing light intensity, the total biomass and total N and P accumulation of five shade-enduring plants all showed a decreasing trend, but N, P contents in different organs increased. Among them, Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) had the highest while Illicium henryi (IH) had the lowest N content; The P contents of Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) and GJ were significantly higher than Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ES), Ardisia crenata (AC) and IH. QP and GJ had the highest N, P contents under extremely low light intensity (6% natural light intensity) condition (LIC), while AC and IH had the highest N and P contents in low (15% natural light intensity) and moderate (33% and 52% natural light intensity) LIC. ES demanded differently for LIC on N and P, which were 52% and 6% natural light intensity, respectively. N and P allocation of ES, AC and IH followed leaf > root > stem, but for QP and GJ were root > leaf > stem. Decreasing LIC significantly affected N and P allocation. N content variations shown good consistency among different organs under higher LIC (100% natural light intensity) while distinct variability under lower LIC (15% and 6% natural light intensity) in all five species. Phosphorus contents exhibited good consistency in IH, QP and GJ but varied in ES and AC. Decreasing LIC significantly affected organ N/P ratios of shade-enduring plants, but the fundamental growth restriction patterns remained. Light intensity variation and tree species co-regulated N, P utilization and allocation in shade-enduring plants, and then affected the total biomass and total N, P accumulation, which might result from the change of N and P utilization strategy. Therefore, light intensity preference and N, P nutrient balances in shade-enduring plants should be taken into account when constructing multiple layer and uneven-aged forests.     

供磷水平及方式对杉木幼苗根系生长和磷利用效率的影响

为研究杉木幼苗根系生长、形态学指标及养分利用效率对土壤磷素异质分布的响应规律,选择杉木种子园单株采种培育的半同胞家系实生幼苗为研究对象,采用室内沙培控磷盆栽试验,设计低浓度供磷(8 mg/kg KH₂PO₄)、正常供磷(16 mg/kg KH₂PO₄)和高浓度供磷(32 mg/kg KH₂PO₄)3个供磷水平,每个供磷水平分别采用2种供磷方式(局部供磷和均匀供磷)进行根部施磷。结果表明:(1)从供磷水平来看,低浓度供磷下的杉木根长、根系生物量、根冠比、根系及全株的磷素利用效率均显著大于正常供磷和高浓度供磷,而根平均直径相反;随着供磷水平的提高,杉木苗高和地上部生物量无显著差异,而比根长表现出逐渐降低的趋势。(2)从供磷方式来看,局部供磷处理的杉木苗高、根长、根系表面积、比根长、地上部生物量、根系及全株的磷素利用效率均显著大于均匀供磷处理,而根平均直径和根冠比则相反。总体上,低浓度局部供磷处理下杉木可明显增强其根系的形态可塑性,从而优化根系在养分异质土壤里的...     

黑果枸杞功能性状对氮磷添加的响应及其可塑性

分析养分添加对荒漠植物功能性状的影响,对揭示其响应和适应环境变化的规律至关重要.本研究以黑果枸杞为材料,设置3个氮磷(NP)添加量(低、中、高)和N/P(5∶1、15∶1、45∶1),量化分析了整株、根、茎、叶和果实性状对NP添加的响应.结果 表明:黑果枸杞功能性状差异化响应了NP添加量和比例,随NP添加量的增加,生物...     

Effects of nitrogen: phosphorus supply ratios on nitrogen fixation in agricultural and pastoral ecosystems

An analysis of data compiled from the literature confirms a strong inverse relationship between annual rates of nitrogen fixation and the soil nitrogen content in agricultural and pastoral ecosystems. However, this inverse relationship is strongly modified by the rate of application of phosphorus fertilizer, which strongly influences the activities of both symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing organisms. In the case of symbiotic legumes, the response of N-fixation to N and P is in part a result of changes in legume dominance within the plant community. These results, as well as supporting data presented from a review of experiments on nitrogen fixation in a variety of other terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, provide important support for the hypothesis that phosphorus availability is a key regulator of nitrogen biogeochemistry. Published as Paper No. 9950, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.     

A review on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs induced by anthropogenic activities and atmospheric N and P deposition have largely increased the availability of soil N and P in terrestrial ecosystems, which have considerably affected terrestrial carbon cycling processes. Tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems play an important role in global carbon cycling, and determine the magnitude and direction of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Currently, a large number of field manipulation experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of N and/or P addition on tree growth and forest productivity, but the results from these studies were inconsistent. Such inconsistent results might be affected by multiple factors, including biological, environmental and experimental variables. Here, we reviewed the present research status of the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity in forest ecosystems based on three aspects, including the number of publications and experiments with field N and P addition, and the global distributions of these experiments. Then, we summarized the methods for assessing tree growth and forest productivity at ecosystem level in forest ecosystems, including relative growth rate and absolute increment. According to the related results, we reviewed the regulating factors that affect tree growth and productivity, and the potential mechanisms for such factors, including climate, tree size and stand age, plant functional traits (including type of tree-associated mycorrhizal fungi, N-fixation property of trees, and conservative and acquisitive functional traits), plant-microbe interaction, ambient nutrient (i.e., N and P) deposition rate, and experimental variables. Finally, we summarized the current studies, and pointed out five aspects that are urgently needed to provide further insights in future studies, including the physiological mechanism of how tree growth responds to N and P addition, the tradeoff and allocation among growth of various parts of tree under N and P addition, the role of plant functional traits in regulating and predicting the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, how the competition among trees regulates the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, and conducting long-term and coordinated distributed field experiments investigating the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity at the global scale.     

氮磷配施对刨花楠幼林细根性状的影响

氮磷是陆地生态系统植物生长的主要限制性元素,细根对植物生长具有重要影响.为了解氮磷配施对刨花楠人工幼林细根性状的影响,以3年生刨花楠人工幼林为对象,于2016年和2017年每年4-9月的每月中旬进行氮磷配施(添加比例分别为8∶1、10∶1、12∶1、15∶1),测定比根长、比表面积、平均直径、根组织密度、总碳、总氮含量...     

N,P供给对作物排放N2O的影响研究初报

Ｎ、Ｐ供给对作物排放Ｎ_２Ｏ的影响研究初报陈欣,沈善敏,张璐,吴杰,王学强（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳１１００１５）ＡｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｓｕｐｐｌｙｏｎＮ_...     

N、P供给对作物排放N2O的影响研究初报

The preliminary results with detached leaves and seedlings of corn, soybean and sorghumfrom pot and field experiments indicate that inorganic nitrogen supply can significantly enhance the N₂O emission and NO₃^- concentration in plants in the case of phosphorus deficiency and of less light, but phosphorus Supply and sunlight condition can markedly reduce the N₂O emission and NO₃^- concentration in the plants.It's concluded seemed thatthe N₂O emission is a kind of physiological protection to avoid NO₃^- accumulation in plantswhen nitrogen metabolism in plants is in disorder and mineral nitrogen is in over supply.     

Effects of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supply on nitrogen aquisition from alanine by birch seedlings in symbiosis with Paxillus involutus

Northern forests are exposed to relatively high ammonia inputs due to high atmospheric deposition and the common practise of forest fertilization. It is not known how increased soil NH₄ ⁺concentrations affect acquisition of symbiosis-mediated N from organic sources. We examined the effect of inorganic N and P availability on N acquisition from alanine by 43 weeks old birch (Betula pendula) seedlings in symbiosis with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. The seedlings were exposed for 9 weeks to nutrient additions equivalent to 43 kg N and 6.4 kg P ha^-1 (low N and P availability), 250 kg N and 38 kg P ha^-1(high N and P availability) or to 250 kg N and 6.4 kg P ha^-1 (high N and low P availability). Carbon and nitrogen allocation between the symbionts was assessed by exposing the foliage to ¹⁴CO₂ and the mycelium to ¹⁵N-alanine or ¹⁵NH₄ ⁺ simultaneously and measuring the distribution of the isotopic tracers after a three-day chase period. High inorganic N combined with low P availability did not have marked effect on symbiosis-mediated N uptake from alanine, whilst high N and P availability reduced alanine-derived ¹⁵N translocation by the fungus to the plant. Shoot ¹⁵N concentration and concentration of ¹⁴C in the extramatrical mycelium correlated significantly across treatments pointing to controlled reciprocity of transactions between the partners.     

氮、磷和水分供给对羊草枯叶分解质量的影响

研究不同氮(N)、磷(P)和水分梯度上植物枯叶的N和P浓度及C : N和C : P的响应格局, 对于预测N沉降增加和降水格局改变对枯叶分解乃至养分循环的潜在影响具有一定的实践意义。该研究通过3个盆栽控制试验(N、P添加试验: 0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0、64.0和128.0 g N(P)∙m^-210个水平; 控水试验: 3 600、3 900、4 500、5 100、6 000、7 200、9 000、12 000、 18 000和36 000 mL∙pot^-110个水平), 探讨了这些环境因子改变对羊草(Leymus chinensis)枯叶分解质量的影响。结果表明, 在一定范围内, N添加提高了羊草枯叶的N浓度, 降低了C : N, 对P浓度和C : P没有明显的影响; P添加提高了枯叶的N和P浓度, 降低了C : N和C : P; 供水量增加显著降低了枯叶的N和P浓度, 提高了C : N和C : P。这表明, N、P和水分因子的改变影响了植物枯叶的性状, 且不同梯度的影响程度不同。因此, 全球气候变化可能影响植物枯叶的分解质量, 进而可能改变植被-土壤系统的养分循环。     

氮磷复合肥添加对高寒草甸金露梅灌丛中豆科植物的影响

以高寒草甸金露梅灌丛为研究对象,通过添加不同量的氮磷复合肥NH₄H₂PO₄(0、40、80、120g·m^-2),测定了花苜蓿(Medicago ruthenica Linn.)、异叶米口袋(Gueldenstae dtiadiversifolia Maxim)、甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge.)的地上生物量、叶片氮磷含量和土壤氮磷含量,探讨了添加氮磷之后豆科植物的叶片氮磷含量、N:P比值在处理间和种间的差异以及它们与土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明,添加氮磷使花苜蓿和异叶米口袋叶片中的磷含量和N:P比值发生显著变化,而对叶片氮含量的影响不显著。氮磷的添加对甘肃棘豆的氮磷含量无显著影响。就总的豆科植物而言,不论种内还是种间,平均可变性都是磷变化最大,氮变化最小,N:P比值居中。植物叶片的氮磷含量以及N:P比值与土壤速效氮磷没有显著相关性。比较不同处理下的数据可知,添加氮磷复合肥主要增加了豆科植物对磷素的养分吸收。三个物种对氮磷的吸收能力不同,叶片的氮磷含量比N:P比值更能反映植物对氮磷的吸收利用情况。一次性施用氮磷复合肥不能提高第二年的氮供应能力,但是会提高土壤的有效磷供应。为保护豆科牧草的产量,对于金露梅灌丛草地施用磷酸二氢铵的量不应超过80g·m^-2。     

施用氮肥对油用牡丹叶片氮素吸收积累与籽粒品质的影响

利用田间栽培试验,研究0 (对照)、18、24和30 g N·m^-2 4个氮肥用量对油用牡丹“凤丹”叶片氮素吸收转运以及籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明: 施用氮肥处理牡丹株高、冠幅、花径和花干质量与对照相比均显著增加,其中,24和30 g·m^-2氮肥处理株高比对照分别增加14.7%和15.2%.施用氮肥提高了牡丹籽粒的相关指标,24和30 g·m^-2氮肥处理籽粒产量达到最大,分别比对照增加15.2%和15.4%.施用氮肥明显增加了叶片氮素积累量、叶片氮素转移量和籽粒氮素积累量.其中,24 g·m^-2氮肥处理叶片氮素对籽粒贡献率最大.与对照相比,施用氮肥明显提高了籽粒蛋白氮、总氨基酸,以及部分饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量.在本试验条件下,施氮量为24 g N·m^-2时,叶片积累氮素向籽粒的转移量、转移率和贡献率均达到较高水平,籽粒产量较高,并且蛋白氮、氨基酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸含量也相对较高.