论猕猴桃属植物的分布

<正> 作者通过中国植物志猕猴桃科的编写,完成猕猴桃属前人有关志述的研读考订和国内各大标本室所藏本属标本的鉴定整理。截至目前为止,统计本属的种和种下分类群,共得53种,56变种,15变型,从作者所看过的不完整标本而无法确定的情况说,本属的分类群肯定不只此数,但这个数字可认为是本属的绝大多数了。     

中国楠属(Phoebe Nees)植物分类补志

本文为《中国植物志》楠属(Phoebe Nees)编著后对疑难标本的继续研究,现报导2个新种并归并1个种。文中所引标本,除Poilane 1285外,均存本所标本室。     

关于《中国植物志》杜鹃花属部分〖HJ*3〗〖HJ*2〗名称原始文献引用的讨论

就 《中国植物志》 57（1）和57（2）杜鹃花属部分种类（名称）原始文献的引证进行了修证。     

关于《中国植物志》杜鹃花属部分〖HJ*3〗〖HJ*2〗名称原始文献引用的讨论

就《中国植物志》57(1)和57(2)杜鹃花属部分种类(名称)原始文献的引证进行了修证。     

中国维管植物属中文普通名选定规则新探

<正>自18世纪瑞典博物学家林奈奠定了植物科学命名的基础之后,国际上通用以拉丁语命名的植物学名(scientific name)作为学术交流的标准。除学名之外,植物的其他任何名称(包括所有非拉丁语名称)都叫作俗名(vernacular name)。在同一种语言的俗名中,又分普通名和别名(王锦秀和汤彦承,2005)。普通名是使用该语言的共同体普遍接受的名称,通常是综合性、权威性的植物志或植物名录中用作分类群正式名称的单一名称;而别名是普通名之外的其他所有俗名的统称,其应用常常存在局限性。     

天然降压药——萝芙木属植物

<正>高血压是一种常见病和多发病,是引起心血管病的主要危险因素,同时也是现今人类致残及致死的重要原因之一。目前,药物降压是治疗高血压的一项重要治疗措施,植物特别是传统草药是现代药物开发的重要源泉,尤其是萝芙木属植物与高血压疾病的治疗密切相关。萝芙木属是夹竹桃科下的一个属,为灌木或小乔木,主要分布于美洲、非洲、亚洲及大洋洲各岛屿。该属的大多数植物种类分布于热带和亚热带地区,只有少数种类分布在温带地区。根据《国际植物名称索引》(The International Plant Names Index),已经正式发表的萝芙木属植物的名称有193种,目前被普遍接受的只有18种。1995年出版的《中国植物志》英文修订版记载,中国有7种萝芙木属植物,分别为古巴萝芙木、蛇根木、苏门答腊萝芙木、四     

新疆粉苞苣属植物的生境调查与园林应用评价

粉苞苣属（Chondrilla L．）植物是菊科多年生草本,约25种,主要分布中亚、北亚和欧洲。我国有10种,主要分布在新疆北部。通过对粉苞菊的生境、分布调查,得知粉苞苣属植物在新疆分布非常广泛,主要生长于砾石地和沙地,在公路两旁有大量的自然分布。粉苞苣属植物花期长,花色鲜艳,姿态优雅,是一种难得的野生观赏植物;同时,粉苞苣属植物具有耐盐碱、抗旱及耐贫瘠的特性,以其强盛的适应性和繁殖能力生长于荒漠、戈壁地带,是园林绿地、公路铁路和荒山荒坡绿化的理想植物。     

白花丹科植物名称铨释

<正> 笔者在编写《中国植物志》白花丹科时Plumbaginaceae对白花丹科植物中名进行了考证,本文是对白花丹科植物中名的一些解释。 1.白花丹科Plumbaginaceae 白花丹科(种子植物名称》118.1953)一名是从本科模式属—白花丹属Plumbago L. 而得名。以前,此科曾用日本名,称为矶松科(《植物学大     

中国兰科植物属的界定:现状与展望

<正>兰科植物是被子植物的最大科之一,全世界约有736属28,000种(Chase et al.,2015,Dressler,1993),广泛分布于大部分的陆地生态系统中,尤其以热带地区最为丰富。兰科植物是生物学研究的热点类群之一,也是生物多样性保护中的"旗舰"类群,全世界所有的野生兰科植物均被列为《野生动植物濒危物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的保护范围,占该公约保护植物种类的90%以上。中国是野生兰科植物最为丰富的国家之一,     

建立植物中文学名的构想

<正>命名的根本目的是用语言和文字区分事物,而不是描述事物,更不是文化传承。一个命名如果在区分事物时容易造成混乱,就不能说是一个很好的命名。目前,植物的中文命名相当混乱,以至于无法实现准确的名物对应。1植物中文命名的混乱现状古人命名植物时没有现代意义上的物种概念,几千年来自发形成的中文植物命名相当复杂,同名异物和一物多名的现象普遍存在。在《中国植物志》和Flora of China以及各种地方植物志书中,许多植     

中国大戟科珠子木属植物的整理研究

珠子不属(Phyllanthodendron Hemsl.)在我国主要分布于贵州、云南、广西和广东。经研究,作者于本文将其划分为2组10种,其中包括一个新组,4个新种及一个新组合。     

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE PETIOLE AND INFRAGENERIC RELATIONSHIPS IN JATROPHA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Anatomical features of the petiole in several species of Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) are presented as evidence in support of infrageneric relationships. A trilacunar 3-trace nodal pattern is typical for the genus. The vascular supply to the stipules is derived from the branching of the two peripheral leaf traces. The number of vascular bundles range from 11 through 9, 7, 5 and 3, and occur in a ring, as free traces, a medullated cylinder, or as U-shaped free traces. The reduction from nine to three bundles is correlated with the gross morphological features while 11, which occurs only in the section Peltatae (Pax) Dehgan & Webster, presents an increase. Reduction in the number of petiolar traces follows the evolutionary advancement of various taxa. This reduction in traces corresponds with south-north distribution of the species and consequential adaptation to colder and more arid climates in Central America and Africa. Smaller leaves, fewer primary veins and fewer vascular traces have resulted as a response to reduced need for water. Presence of dorsal (super-numerary) bundles which supply the petiolar glands in subgenus Jatropha (= Adenoropium Pax) is considered significant, since African taxa of the section (subsection Pubescentes Pax) have retained these bundles despite the loss of petiolar glands. The latter glands are prominent in the South American and Indian species. Sectional lines in the genus can, therefore, be drawn generally on the basis of numerical constancy and relative uniformity in the arrangement of petiolar traces. The continuity of vascular bundles from the stem into the petiole and variations of bundle arrangements are depicted in three-dimensional drawings.     

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES IN THE EUPHORBIACEAE,SUBTRIBE PHYLLANTHINAE

Webster , Grady L. (Purdue U., Lafayette, Ind.), and J. R. Ellis . Cytotaxonomic studies in the Euphorbiaceae, subtribe Phyllanthinae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49:(1): 14–18. Illus. 1962.—Chromosome numbers are reported for 18 species of mostly West Indian Euphorbiaceae, subtribe Phyllanthinae, 13 of these for the first time (including the first published count for the genus Margaritaria). For 4 species, a number different from previous determinations has been recorded. The base chromosome number in Breynia, Fluggea, Margaritaria, and most species of Phyllanthus appears to be 13. However, in Phyllanthus subg. Isocladus haploid numbers of 8 and 18 were observed. One species, Phyllanthus pulcher, is a sterile hexaploid (n = 39) of presumably hybrid origin. The cytological data do not support Perry's suggestion that annual taxa are primitive in the Euphorbiaceae.     

THE MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF DALECHAMPIA SCANDENS (EUPHORBIACEAE)

The circumtropical but preponderantly American genus Dalechampia, comprising nearly 100 species of twining vines (or rarely subshrubs), is strikingly isolated within the Euphorbiaceae because of its distinctive bibracteate inflorescences. There has been considerable taxonomic controversy with regard to the relationships of the genus, and it has been suggested that Dalechampia is allied to the tribe Euphorbieae because of a supposed analogy between its inflorescence and the cyathium in the Euphorbieae. Field and laboratory investigations of the common American species D. scandens, together with a comparative survey of related species, have thrown some light on these problems. The Dalechampia inflorescence seems best interpreted as consisting of a terminal staminate pleiochasium (with part of the lateral branches transformed for nectar production), juxtaposed to a 3-flowered pistillate cyme. The lips of the conspicuous bilabiate involucre are formed by the hypertrophied bracts which subtend the staminate and pistillate cymes. The bisexual inflorescences appear to be distinctly proterogynous, rather than proterandrous, as has been previously suggested. The configuration of the inflorescence—a bilaterally symmetrical pseudanthium—suggests adaptation for crosspollination, but the closing movement of the bracts makes self-pollination probable in the absence of visits by pollinators. The similarity of the Dalechampia inflorescence to the cyathium of the Euphorbieae appears to be entirely superficial, and both reproductive and vegetative data suggest that Dalechampia is related to taxa of tribe Plukenetieae.     

新疆蚤类畸形实例(二)

蚤类与其它生物一样,在形态结构上存在发育异常、病态或有缺陷的畸形个体,这早已为蚤类学家们所关注。只有正确分辨普遍存在的个体变异幅度与亚种间、种间以至属间形态特征的差别,并区分正常的个体变异与不正常的畸形构造才能避免分类鉴定中的     

中国头细蛾属昆虫(鳞翅目,细蛾科)与大戟科植物互利共生关系研究进展

细蛾科头细蛾属昆虫与大戟科算盘子属、叶下珠属和黑面神属植物互利共生关系的发现为研究昆虫与植物协同演化过程提供了一个全新的模式。目前,国内对头细蛾与大戟科植物的互利共生关系了解和研究都很少。本文介绍了头细蛾的分类、生物学和形态适应;大戟科相关5属植物(算盘子属、叶下珠属、黑面神属、白饭树属和守宫木属)的生物地理学,开花生物学,花的结构与传粉系统的关系;寄主植物与传粉者的对应关系;互利共生关系的维持机制等。研究表明中国有丰富的头细蛾与大戟科植物资源,开展其互利共生关系的研究有重要科学意义。很多新的、复杂的头细蛾与大戟科植物的生态关系和大量的头细蛾种类有待我们去发现和研究。     

印楝愈伤组织的化学成分

从印楝（Ａｚａｄｉｒａｃｈｔａ ｉｎｄｉｃａ Ａ．Ｊｕｓｓ）的愈伤组织中,共分离鉴定出５个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析分别确定为：柳杉酚⑴,豆甾醇⑵,软酯酸－１－甘油酯⑶,豆甾醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑷,豆甾醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙－６’－十六烷酸酯⑸。