A simple, rapid and effective method for total RNA extraction from Lentinula edodes

A rapid, inexpensive and reliable method for total RNA extraction from fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes containing large quantities of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites is described. An initial extraction step using saturated NaCl solution facilitates the separation of nucleic acids from contaminants and, after further extraction with organic solvents and precipitation with 2-propanol, total RNA of high purity and suitable for applications such as cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization was obtained. The procedure may also have wider applicability for total RNA extraction from the tissues of other mushrooms.     

土壤宏转录组RNA的提取方法评价

【目的】比较手工法和试剂盒法提取土壤RNA对原核微生物多样性的影响,评价两种方法研究土壤宏转录组的技术偏好性。【方法】针对黑龙江海伦砂质黑壤土、江苏滨海黏心夹砂土、江西鹰潭第四纪红黏土不同母质发育形成的三种水稻土,采用手工和试剂盒法分别获得微生物总RNA,利用高通量测序原核微生物16S r RNA多样性,通过紫外分光和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析RNA质量,比较手工和试剂盒法提取RNA对水稻土原核微生物群落的影响规律。【结果】三种水稻土中试剂盒提取RNA的纯度皆高于手工法,但RNA提取总量不一致。试剂盒提取黑龙江和江苏水稻土的RNA总量高于手工法,而手工法提取的江西水稻土RNA总量高于试剂盒法。高通量测序发现土壤类型而不是RNA提取方法决定了原核微生物多样性指数和群落结构。3个水稻土共检测到27门和409属,两种RNA提取方法偏好性提取了19门和181属,这些门和属占水稻土微生物总丰度平均值分别为40.4%和44.4%。与手工提取RNA相比,试剂盒法发现11个微生物门的丰度显著偏高(P0.05),但仅有Armatimonadetes门在三种水稻土同时存在专一偏好性;手工法提取也发现11个微生物门的丰度显著高于试剂盒法,并且仅有Firmicutes门在三种水稻土中同时存在专一偏好性。在微生物属水平,三种水稻土中均发现试剂盒法偏好性提取了2属,而手工法偏好性提取了5属。进一步针对72个优势微生物属(丰度0.1%且同时存在于三种水稻土),发现其占所有微生物丰度80%强,且48属的变化规律与RNA提取方法无关。例如,手工法提取水稻土好氧甲烷氧化菌的规律为:黑龙江(1.68%)江西(0.90%)江苏(0.59%),而试剂盒法也得到一致结果,黑龙江(0.52%)江西(0.18%)江苏(0.13%)。【结论】两种RNA提取方法本身的特异偏好性较小。三种水稻土27门409属中,仅有2门7属可能存在方法本身的专一偏好性,即在三种水稻土中,这些微生物均被试剂盒法或手工法特异性偏好提取,占所有原核微生物门和属比例仅为7%和1%左右。此外,针对同一水稻土,手工和试剂盒法提取RNA的总量、纯度、微生物相对丰度明显不同,在原核微生物门和属的分类水平,约70%的门和22%的属的丰度具有统计显著性差异,但两种RNA提http://journals.im.ac.cn/actamicro取方法均能反映优势微生物类群在三种水稻土中的变异规律,土壤类型对原核微生物多样性的影响远大于RNA提取方法本身的偏好性。未来原核微生物宏转录组研究中,应优先考虑科学问题及其实验处理可能导致的微生物组及其转录差异,结合微生物RNA提取特点,最大限度地发挥宏转录组技术优势。     

RNASwift: A rapid,versatile RNA extraction method free from phenol and chloroform

RNASwift is an inexpensive, versatile method for the rapid extraction of RNA. Existing RNA extraction methods typically use hazardous chemicals including phenol, chloroform and formamide which are often difficult to completely remove from the extracted RNA. RNASwift uses sodium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate to lyse the cells and isolate the RNA from the abundant cellular components in conjunction with solid phase extraction or isopropanol precipitation to rapidly purify the RNA. Moreover, the purified RNA is directly compatible with downstream analysis. Using spectrophotometry in conjunction with ion pair reverse phase chromatography to analyse the extracted RNA, we show that RNASwift extracts and purifies RNA of higher quality and purity in comparison to alternative RNA extraction methods. The RNASwift method yields approximately 25 μg of RNA from only 10⁸Escherichia coli cells. Furthermore, RNASwift is versatile; the same simple reagents can be used to rapidly extract RNA from a variety of different cells including bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells. In addition to the extraction of total RNA, the RNASwift method can also be used to extract double stranded RNA from genetically modified E. coli in higher yields compared to alternative methods.     

Simultaneous Extraction of Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids for Molecular Diagnostic Applications

Molecular detection of microbial pathogens in clinical samples requires the application of efficient sample lysis protocols and subsequent extraction and isolation of their nucleic acids. Here, we describe a simple and time-efficient method for simultaneous extraction of genomic DNA from gram-positive and -negative bacteria, as well as RNA from viral agents present in a sample. This method compared well with existing bacterial- and viral-specialized extraction protocols, worked reliably on clinical samples, and was not pathogen specific. This method may be used to extract DNA and RNA concurrently from viral and bacterial pathogens present in a sample and effectively detect coinfections in routine clinical diagnostics.     

富含多糖草莓果实总RNA提取方法的改进

以草莓果实为模式实验材料,将Chomczynski提出的常规RNA提取方法与Kenneth等提出的改进方法相结合,并做了进一步改进,建立了一种简单实用的从富舍多糖的植物材料中提取总RNA的方法。先利用冷的丙酮去除色素类物质,再利用乙二醇丁醚去除多糖,从而有效克服了从富含色素和多糖娄物质的植物材料中提取RNA的困难;获取的RNA样品在纯度和浓度上都可以满足PCR及Northern杂交等分子生物学实验的要求。     

自然干燥紫萼藓总RNA提取方法

介绍一种适合富含酚类、萜类等次生物质的干燥紫萼藓的总RNA的提取方法—SDS/酸酚法。采用SDS做为去污剂,用水饱和酚、氯仿和异戊醇进行抽提以去除蛋白、酚类等次生物质,醋酸钾和无水乙醇去除多糖等物质,最后LiCl沉淀获得总RNA。该方法不但获得了完整性好和纯度高的RNA,而且操作简单,成本也较低,对其他富含酚类、萜类等次生物质的干燥植物组织的总RNA的提取具有借鉴意义。     

改良的大鼠脑组织总RNA抽提方法

目的:建立一种简单方便、结果稳定的抽提大鼠脑组织总RNA的方法。方法:在传统一步法抽提动物组织总RNA的基础上,通过增加抽提步骤使总RNA与细胞DNA、蛋白质、细胞残片等干扰总RNA质量的杂质有效分离。结果:建立了可以快速、稳定地获得高纯度、未被降解的大鼠脑组织总RNA的方法。结论:采用改良的方法抽提到的总RNA比用传统的一步法得到的总RNA的完整性和均一性好,可直接应用于分子生物学操作。     

一种快速提取小麦叶片总RNA的方法

从植物组织中提取高质量的RNA是进行植物分子生物学研究的必要前提和关键.同种植物不同器官的组织由于组成分的差异,提取RNA的方法也存在不同的难点.在苯酚法和氯化锂沉淀法的基础上,改进并提出了一种适合小麦叶片总RNA的快速提取方法,消除了蛋白质、DNA、多糖、多酚等污染.该方法提取的小麦叶片总RNA,完整性好、纯度高,可用于RT-PCR、N orthern杂交、RACE等实验操作,而且简单经济、快速、实验结果稳定,重复性好,还适合富含多糖和脂质的植物组织总RNA的提取.     

A method for extraction of total RNA fromPinus radiata and other conifers

Carbohydrates, polyphenolic compounds, terpenoids and tannins interfere with the extraction of intact, uncontaminated total RNA from conifers. A method for extraction of total RNA fromPinus radiata is described. This method uses cesium trifluoroacetate in the ultracentrifugal separation of RNA to overcome the problems of co-purification of contaminating secondary metabolites.     

Fractionation of fibrous fraction from steam-exploded rice straw

Fractionation of fibrous fraction from steam-exploded rice straw (SERS) of high moisture content have been studied with respect to the separation degree of fibrous tissue from non-fibrous tissue including epidermal, parenchymatous and vessel tissue using a fluidized bed opposed jet mill. Chemical composition and fiber characteristics, such as fiber size and composed cell proportion were studied for the separated fibrous fraction of SERS. 70.4% high cellulose fibrous fraction with 63.1% fiber cell content and 65.6% cellulose content was produced from the fractionation process. The separation degree of fibrous tissue of the fractionated fibrous fraction was 2.04. The mean fiber length was 0.97 mm, slightly longer than the untreated rice straw. The new method is suitable to produce high fiber tissue content fractions without damaging the raw fibers extensively.     

Species‐level biodiversity assessment using marine environmental DNA metabarcoding requires protocol optimization and standardization

DNA extraction from environmental samples (environmental DNA; eDNA) for metabarcoding‐based biodiversity studies is gaining popularity as a noninvasive, time‐efficient, and cost‐effective monitoring tool. The potential benefits are promising for marine conservation, as the marine biome is frequently under‐surveyed due to its inaccessibility and the consequent high costs involved. With increasing numbers of eDNA‐related publications have come a wide array of capture and extraction methods. Without visual species confirmation, inconsistent use of laboratory protocols hinders comparability between studies because the efficiency of target DNA isolation may vary. We determined an optimal protocol (capture and extraction) for marine eDNA research based on total DNA yield measurements by comparing commonly employed methods of seawater filtering and DNA isolation. We compared metabarcoding results of both targeted (small taxonomic group with species‐level assignment) and universal (broad taxonomic group with genus/family‐level assignment) approaches obtained from replicates treated with the optimal and a low‐performance capture and extraction protocol to determine the impact of protocol choice and DNA yield on biodiversity detection. Filtration through cellulose‐nitrate membranes and extraction with Qiagen's DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit outperformed other combinations of capture and extraction methods, showing a ninefold improvement in DNA yield over the poorest performing methods. Use of optimized protocols resulted in a significant increase in OTU and species richness for targeted metabarcoding assays. However, changing protocols made little difference to the OTU and taxon richness obtained using universal metabarcoding assays. Our results demonstrate an increased risk of false‐negative species detection for targeted eDNA approaches when protocols with poor DNA isolation efficacy are employed. Appropriate optimization is therefore essential for eDNA monitoring to remain a powerful, efficient, and relatively cheap method for biodiversity assessments. For seawater, we advocate filtration through cellulose‐nitrate membranes and extraction with Qiagen's DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit or phenol‐chloroform‐isoamyl for successful implementation of eDNA multi‐marker metabarcoding surveys.     

CTAB法提取中草药材滇紫草细胞的总RNA

介绍一种适合富含次生产物的中草药材滇紫草细胞总RNA的提取方法——CTAB法。采用CTAB作为去污剂,分别用氨仿和水饱和酚反复抽提以及LiCl沉淀以去除蛋白质、碳水化合物和次生代谢物等杂质,最后用纯乙醇沉淀获得RNA。该方法不但能获得完整性好和纯度高的总RNA,而且操作简单、快速、成本低廉,对其它富含次生物质的植物特别是中草药材组织总RNA的提取具有借鉴意义。     

仿刺参体壁总RNA提取方法的建立

目的:通过对TRIzol一步法进行改进,建立一种从富含胶原蛋白、多糖及色素的仿刺参体壁提取总RNA的有效方法。方法:样品在液氮中研磨并用TRIzol匀浆后再进行抽提;对TRIzol一步法提取的总RNA进行DNaseⅠ消化和酚氯仿抽提,用2.5mol/L的醋酸钾沉淀,并加入适量糖原(10mg/mL)与RNA共沉淀。结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度法以及RT-PCR检测结果表明,改进的方法能够有效去除基因组DNA、蛋白、多糖及色素的污染,RNA的产率提高。结论:制备的总RNA纯度高,完整性好,能够满足mRNA差异显示RT-PCR等分子生物学研究的要求,是一种提取仿刺参体壁及其他富含黏多糖、胶原蛋白和色素的动物组织总RNA的有效方法。     

An improved electroelution method for separation of DNA from humic substances in marine sediment DNA extracts

We present a method for the rapid and simple extraction of DNA from marine sediments using electroelution. It effectively separates DNA from compounds, including humic substances, that interfere with subsequent DNA quantification and amplification. After extraction of the DNA from the sediment into an aqueous solution, the crude sample is encased in 2% agarose gel and exposed to an electrical current, which draws the DNA out of the gel into a centrifugal filter vial. After electroelution, the sample is centrifuged to remove contaminants ≤100 000 Da. Recovery of DNA using this method is quantitative and does not discriminate on the basis of size, as determined using DNA standards and DNA extracts from environmental samples. Amplification of DNA is considerably improved due to removal of PCR inhibitors. For Archaea, only these purified extracts yielded PCR products. This method allows for the use of relatively large volumes of sediment and is particularly useful for sediments containing low biomass such as deeply buried marine sediments. It works with both organic-rich and -poor sediment, as well as with sediment where calcium carbonate is abundant and sediment where it is limited; consequently, adjustment of protocols is unnecessary for samples with very different organic and mineral contents.     

棉花纤维蛋白质3种提取及二维电泳方法的比较

高质量的蛋白样品制备是进行二维电泳的先决条件.棉花纤维中含有纤维素、多酚、多糖等严重干扰二维电泳的物质, 增加了蛋白提取和二维电泳的难度.分别采用3种提取植物组织蛋白的方法(水法、酚法和尿素法), 提取棉纤维总蛋白, 进而进行了二维电泳分析.在蛋白产量、蛋白纯度和电泳图谱等方面对3种方法进行了比较, 结果采用酚法提取的样品取得了较好的电泳图谱, 有望成为从棉纤维样品中提取总蛋白的可选方法.