华北地区的短尾蝮分类地位的确定及短尾蝮种下分类的探讨

华北地区的短尾蝮的鼻间鳞形状和斑纹与东北地区短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus和日本蝮G. blomhoffii相似,鳞片变化范围也有很大重合.尽管不少学者对此进行过研究,但它们的分类地位尚有争议.作者对中国产蝮亚科Crotalinae亚洲蝮属Gloydius乌苏里蝮G. ussuriensis、东北地区短尾蝮G. brevicaudus、长江中下游地区短尾蝮和华北地区短尾蝮共4个居群12个个体测定了约660 bp线粒体ND4基因序列,并从GenBank下载了日本产日本蝮3个个体的ND4基因序列,以尖吻蝮属Deinagkistrodon的尖吻蝮D. acutus和白头蝰属Azemiops的白头蝰A. feae序列为外群,用最大简约法构建分子系统进化树.结果 显示,亚洲蝮属的岩栖蝮G. saxatilis、中介蝮G. intereidius和高原蝮G. strauchii与日本蝮、乌苏里蝮和短尾蝮聚成姐妹群;乌苏里蝮与日本蝮聚集, 3个地区的短尾蝮聚集,且3个地区的短尾蝮不成单系,支持华北地区的短尾蝮不是日本蝮的结论.作者认为,华北地区的短尾蝮是短尾蝮的一个居群,而不是其亚种;短尾蝮暂不分亚种.     

蝮亚科蛇线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析及其系统发育

对中国产蝮亚科（Crotaline)亚洲蝮属（Gloydius)6种蛇（其中短属蝮取自两个不同地区）[短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus (Stejneger).黑眉蝮Gloydius saxatilis(Emelianov),蛇岛蝮Gloydius shedaoensis(Zhao),雪山蝮Gloydius strauchii(Bedriaga),高原蝮Gloydius strauchii monticola monticlal (Werner),乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussurriensis(Emelianov)]与竹叶青属竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt共7种蛇8个个体测定了789bp或744bp线粒体细胞色素b基因序列,用MEGA1．02软件分析了其碱基组成及变异情况,以游蛇科链蛇属半棱鳞链蛇Dinodon semicarinatus序列为外群,用PAUP4．0b2软件构建最简约分子系统树,结果显示,竹叶青蛇在全部受试物种中处于原始地位,分布于东北地区的蛇岛蝮,乌苏里蝮,黑眉蝮与浙江与陕西产的短尾蝮所组成的分枝与横断山区的高原蝮,雪山蝮聚集形居的分枝组成姐妹群,支持分布于中国境内的亚洲蝮属蛇种的两个起源及分化地的假说,同时探讨了蝮蛇的分类地位问题。     

蝰科(Viperidae)蝮亚科(Crotalinae)线粒体12S rRNA基因序列分析及其系统发育

对蝮亚科(蛇岛蝮Gloydius shedaoensis Zhao、黑眉蝮Gloydius saxatilis Emelianov、乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussurriensis Emelianov、竹叶青Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt 和分别来自不同地区的尖吻蝮Deinagkistrodon acutus Guenther、短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus Stejneger各两条)6种蛇共8个个体测定、分析了约370bp线粒体12S rRNA基因序列,以游蛇科链蛇属半棱鳞链蛇Dinodon semicarinatus 序列为外群构建分子系统树.分子数据结果支持尖吻蝮形态学的属级分类地位;提示蛇岛蝮位于黑眉蝮的蛇岛亚种分类地位,同时探讨了蛇岛蝮的起源问题;并提示短尾蝮和乌苏里蝮同位于种级分类地位.     

秦岭蝮和六盘山蝮分类地位的初步探究

秦岭蝮（Gloydius qinlingensis）和六盘山蝮（G.liupanensis）的鼻间鳞形状和斑纹与高原蝮（G.strauchii）相似,鳞片变化范围也有很大重合,但它们的分类地位尚有争议.作者对六盘山蝮和秦岭蝮的鳞片（背鳞、腹鳞和尾下鳞）数据做了统计学分析,并和高原蝮的数据比较.运用75%法则,秦岭蝮和高原蝮之间背鳞和尾下鳞多数数据的差异系数大于1.28,而六盘山蝮和高原蝮之间小于1.28.作者初步认为秦岭蝮应该是高原蝮的一个亚种,而六盘山蝮是高原蝮的一个北方居群.     

蝰科(Viperidae)蝮亚科(Crotalinae)线粒体12S rRBA基因序列分析及其系统发育

对蝮亚科（蛇岛蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓｈｅｄａｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈａｏ、黑眉蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、乌苏 里蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｕｓｓｕｒｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ　 Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、　竹叶青Ｔｒｉｍｅｒｅｓｕｒｕｓ 　ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒｉ 　Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ和分别来自不 同地区的尖吻蝮Ｄｅｉｎａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎ　ａｃｕｔｕｓ　Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ、短尾蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ　ｂｒｅｖｉｃａｕｄｕｓ　Ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒ各 两条）６种蛇共８个个体测定、分析了约３７０ｂｐ线粒体１２Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因序列;以游蛇科链蛇属半 棱鳞链蛇Ｄｉｎｏｄｏｎ ｓｅｍｉｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ　序列为外群构建分子系统树。分子数据结果支持尖吻蝮形态 学的属级分类地位;提示蛇岛蝮位于黑眉蝮的蛇岛亚种分类地位,同时探讨了蛇岛蝮的起源 问题;并提示短尾蝮和乌苏里蝮同位于种级分类地位。     

中国蝮属蛇类的RAPD分析

用ＲＡＰＤ技术研究了我国５种蝮属蛇类（中介蝮，蛇岛蝮，短尾蝮，高原蝮，乌苏里蝮）的系统发生关系，研究中使用了３３个蝮蛇标本和２个草原蝰标本，用１１个引物对样品分别作ＲＡＰＤ扩增，获得７２个扩增片段。     

中国蝮蛇头骨形态比较及分类学讨论（蛇亚目：蝮亚科）

目前,我国蝮蛇某些种类的分类仍存在不同见解,对蝮蛇类群的分类主要集中在外部形态的比较,而较少涉及内部结构的研究。因此,本文的我国１３个地区的８种（亚种）共２６号蝮蛇的头骨进行了比较解剖,以头骨特征为依据,对岩栖蝮Ａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ,乌苏里蝮Ａ．ｕｓｓｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ,蛇岛蝮Ａ．ｓｈｅｄａｏｅｎｓｉｓ,短尾蝮Ａ．ｂｒｅｖｉｃａｕｄｕｓ,秦岭蝮Ａ．ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ等的有效性     

六盘山蝮

正图为六盘山蝮(Gloydius liupanensis)的雌性成体照片,体长约548 mm,尾长约60 mm,头部窄长而不明显,呈三角形,吻端较圆,吻棱不显,尾短。背部呈土棕色,具黑色波状横斑;黑褐色。背腹相交鳞片白色,构成体侧一条白线。通体被覆鳞片,背鳞表面呈网络状。六盘山蝮(Gloydius liupanensis)隶属于爬行纲有鳞目蝰科亚洲蝮属,     

北京及邻近地区蛇类存疑种分布及讨论

本研究基于前人对北京及邻近地区蛇类的基础调查文献进行总结,并于2010—2016年,多次对北京及邻近地区进行蛇类资源调查。本研究根据调查结果和现有文献对北京蛇类多样性资源予以初步总结,并对部分存疑物种进行讨论。其中,黑头剑蛇Sibynophis chinensis曾被认为是人为引入的物种,但本研究证实其应为原生种;北京地区所纪录的"中介蝮"实际应为2个不同种,分别为华北蝮G.stejnegeri和西伯利亚蝮指名亚种G.halys halys;乌苏里蝮G.ussuriensis系误记,应为短尾蝮G.brevicaudus。     

浙江省发现角原矛头蝮

<正>2014年7月24日,于浙江省台州市仙居县(28°37′N,120°36′E,海拔339 m)发现1号雄性活体蛇类标本,经查阅文献和鉴定,确认为角原矛头蝮(Protobothrops cornutus),系华东地区及浙江省蛇类属、种的地理新分布,也是我国发现角原矛头蝮仅有的第5个分布点。本次采集的角原矛头蝮标本全长615.0 mm,头长26.0 mm,体长484.0 mm,尾长105.0 mm。头呈三角形,头颈部区分明显,上颌1对管牙,鼻眼间有颊窝,颊窝由3片大鳞围成,其中1枚为第2上唇鳞。上唇鳞10枚,鼻鳞与第1上唇鳞分离。下唇鳞14枚。舌前段2/3为黑色,后     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.