心肌酶谱、动态心电图及冠状动脉CT血管造影诊断嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨心肌酶谱、动态心电图及冠状动脉CT血管造影诊断嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害的临床价值。方法：收集2013年1月-2020年4月在我院诊断为嗜铬细胞瘤患者114例,其中嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害的患者27例。所有患者均完善术前常规检查（血常规、胸片、动态心电图）、心肌酶谱、心脏超声、冠状动脉CTA等临床资料,并收集患者一般临床资料,如血压、临床症状等。结果：114例嗜铬细胞瘤患者中,27例患者存在嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害。嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者一般临床资料与嗜铬细胞瘤无儿茶酚胺性心脏损害的患者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害以高血压为主要表现,临床症状表现多样,可伴有头痛、心悸、多汗三联征表现。114例患者中,26例患者出现心肌酶谱升高,36例患者存在不同程度的心电图异常、24例患者冠状动脉CTA异常,嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者在心肌酶谱、动态心电图及冠状动脉CTA异常例数与嗜铬细胞瘤无儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者中差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。114例患者中心肌酶谱或心电图或冠状动脉CTA异常的患者总共56例,其中嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者23例,嗜铬细胞瘤无儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者有33例,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者中,心律失常最为常见。结论：嗜铬细胞瘤儿茶酚胺性心脏损害患者心肌酶谱、动态心电图及冠状动脉CTA均可存在异常表现,但特异性、敏感性不高,三者同时综合分析可以提高临床诊断。     

Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS II)-Study design

Background and Objective. The Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS) has shown that thrombus aspiration improves myocardial perfusion and clinical outcome compared with conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Impaired myocardial perfusion due to spontaneous or angioplasty-induced embolisation of atherothrombotic material also occurs in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The aim of this study is to determine whether thrombus aspiration before stent implantation will result in improved myocardial perfusion in patients with NSTEMI compared with conventional PCI. Study design. The study is a single-centre, prospective, randomised trial with blinded evaluation of endpoints. The planned inclusion is 540 patients with acute NSTEMI who are candidates for urgent PCI. Patients are randomised to treatment with manual thrombus aspiration or to conventional PCI. The primary endpoint is the incidence of myocardial blush grade 3 after PCI. Secondary endpoints are coronary angiographic, histopathological, enzymatic, electrocardiographic and clinical outcomes including major adverse events at 30 days and one year. Implications. If thrombus aspiration leads to significant improvement of myocardial perfusion in patients with acute NSTEMI it may become part of the standard interventional approach. (Neth Heart J 2009;17:409–13.)     

血浆成纤维细胞激活蛋白含量在心肌梗死围手术期的临床意义

摘要 目的：明确血浆成纤维细胞激活蛋白（fibroblast activation protein,FAP）含量在心肌梗死患者围手术期的临床意义。方法：选取2021年11月至2022年4月入院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗的心肌梗死患者15例,年龄和性别匹配的健康者17例以及作为对照组。收集其血浆样本和影像学及其他相关临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）测定循环血FAP的含量。并用配对t检验等统计学方法对其进行分析。结果：心肌梗死组循环血FAP的浓度为107.3±3.472 ng/mL,低于对照组（117.9±2.533 ng/mL）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。心肌梗死组与对照组比较,其一般资料除cTnT外（P<0.01）无明显差异。心肌梗死患者循环血FAP水平在PCI术后显著下降,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。PET-磁共振（PET-MR）检测结果显示心肌纤维化活跃程度较PCI术后初期明显降低。结论：心肌梗死患者PCI围手术期的血浆FAP水平与心肌纤维化的活跃程度有关。血浆FAP水平的变化曲线可为心肌梗死患者预后恢复的诊断提供参考依据。     

Hydrogen Sulfide Endothelin-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy in Rats and the Mechanism Involved

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) treatment on the endothelin-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Sixty-four adult male rats, weighing from 180 to 200 g, were randomly divided into four groups: ten in normal group, ten in sham group, 44 in model group established by inducing the myocardial hypertrophy with endothelin. The myocardial hypertrophy model rats were randomly divided into two groups: 22 in the simple myocardial hypertrophy model group and 22 in the H₂S treatment group. Rats in normal group were given 2 ml pure water by gavage per day, those in the sham group and simple cardiac hypertrophy model group were given 2 ml of saline by gavage per day, and rats in the pure cardiac hypertrophy with H₂S treatment were given intraperitoneal injections of 2 ml NaHS saline per day for a period of 4 weeks. Left ventricular mass index, myocyte hypertrophy, volume fraction of myocardial interstitial collagen, myocardial hydroxyproline content and other indicators of cardiac hypertrophy were observed after 4 weeks. (1) There were significant differences on the ventricular mass between the treatment group and the cardiac hypertrophy group: The left ventricular mass decreased 21.4 % and the left ventricular mass index decreased 5.97 % (P < 0.05; (2) the smallest cardiomyocytes diameter and cardiomyocytes cross-sectional area decreased 12.5 and 10.8 %, respectively (P < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to the cardiac hypertrophy group; (3) the volume fraction of myocardial interstitial collagen and the myocardial hydroxyproline content decreased 22.3 and 31.3 % in treatment group compared with the cardiac hypertrophy group, respectively (P < 0.05). H₂S had a good clinical efficacy in reducing left ventricular mass fraction and myocardial collagen levels, improving myocardial hypertrophy and decrease myocardial fibrosis. It is worthy for further clinical studies.     

A comparison of the illness beliefs of people with angina and their peers: a questionnaire study

Background

Systolic compression of a coronary artery by overlying myocardial tissue is termed myocardial bridging. Myocardial bridging usually has a benign prognosis, but some cases resulting in myocardial ischemia, infarction and sudden cardiac death have been reported. We are reporting a case of myocardial bridging which was complicated with acute myocardial infarction associated with inappropriate blood donation.

Case presentation

A 33 year-old-man was admitted to our emergency with acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction after a blood donation. The electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm and was consistent with an acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. We decided to perform primary percutanous intervention (PCI). Myocardial bridging was observed in the mid segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery on coronary angiogram. PCI was canceled and medical follow up was decided. Blood transfusion was made because he had a deep anemia. A normal hemaglobin level and clinical reperfusion was achieved after ten hours by blood transfusion. At the one year follow up visit, our patient was healthy and had no cardiac complaints.

Conclusions

Myocardial bridging may cause acute myocardial infarction in various clinical conditions. Although the condition in this case caused profound anemia related acute myocardial infarction, its treatment and management was unusual.     

Transient integral boundary layer method to calculate the translesional pressure drop and the fractional flow reserve in myocardial bridges

Background  

The pressure drop - flow relations in myocardial bridges and the assessment of vascular heart disease via fractional flow reserve (FFR) have motivated many researchers the last decades. The aim of this study is to simulate several clinical conditions present in myocardial bridges to determine the flow reserve and consequently the clinical relevance of the disease. From a fluid mechanical point of view the pathophysiological situation in myocardial bridges involves fluid flow in a time dependent flow geometry, caused by contracting cardiac muscles overlying an intramural segment of the coronary artery. These flows mostly involve flow separation and secondary motions, which are difficult to calculate and analyse.     

Application of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction in clinical practice

Abstract

Purpose: The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) has highlighted the different pathophysiological mechanisms that may lead to ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial injury and has emphasised that the diagnosis of myocardial infarction requires the presence of acute myocardial ischaemia in the setting of acute myocardial injury. This case based review intends to illustrate basic principles on how to apply this new, revised definition in clinical practice.

Methods and Results: The distinction between different types of MIs (type 1 or type 2) and the delineation of MI from acute non-ischaemic myocardial injury may be challenging in individual patients, which is illustrated by presenting and discussing real-life routine cases.

Conclusions: Type 1?MI is a consequence of coronary plaque rupture or erosion with intracoronary thrombus formation that is usually apparent on coronary angiography. Plausible triggering mechanisms causing myocardial oxygen supply/demand mismatch must be identified for the diagnosis of type 2?MI and its treatment should focus initially on management of the underlying disease attributable to acute myocardial ischaemia.     

Determination of myocardial high-energy phosphates using bioluminescence

The measurement of myocardial high-energy phosphates (HEP) has become essential in the evaluation of current methods of myocardial protection both in the experimental and clinical setting. Assays for high-energy phosphates have required as much as 50 mg of myocardial tissue which prevents repeated biopsies in the clinical setting as well as in the experimental laboratory. Using the reaction of bioluminescence described by McElroy W. D. and B. L. Strehler (1949, Arch. Biol. Chem.22, 420), we have developed a technique to measure both adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate on samples of myocardial tissue weighing less than 10 mg. A liquid scintillation counter measures the light produced by ATP when added to a firefly extract containing luciferin/luciferase. The reaction is complete in seconds and is detected in the counter during the first 10-s count. Repeated samples have demonstrated a variation of less than 4% between samples. A 25-μl sample is diluted up to 40 μl of firefly extract for detection of adenosine triphosphate. Creatine phosphate is measured by the in vitro production of adenosine triphosphate which is maximum in 10 min when adenosine diphosphate and creatine kinase are added. Again reproducibility of repeated analyses demonstrates a 4% difference in creatine phosphate values. The rapidity, reproducibility, and ability to use ultramicrosamples allows investigators to analyze high-energy phosphates during various methods of myocardial protection currently used in clinical setting.     

Cardiac troponin I levels in canine pyometra

Background  

Myocardial injury may contribute to unexpected deaths due to pyometra. To detect myocardial damage, measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is currently the most sensitive and specific method. The aims of the present study were to evaluate presence of myocardial damage in canine pyometra by analysis of cTnI, to explore whether myocardial injury was associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and to evaluate whether other clinical or laboratory parameters were associated with cTnI increase.     

乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入对重症肺炎患者肌钙蛋白水平及心肌酶谱的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入对重症肺炎患者肌钙蛋白水平、心肌酶谱的影响。方法:收集2014年3月至2016年3月于我院治疗的104例重症肺炎患者,52例行常规治疗患者作为对照组,52例于常规治疗基础上行乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入患者作为观察组,比较两组体征及症状消失时间、肌钙蛋白[心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)]、心肌酶谱[谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)\氢丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]、临床症状积分、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组体征及症状消失时间明显短对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组cTnT、cTnI低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组AST、LDH、HBDH、CK-CB低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组临床症状积分低于对照组(P0.05);观察组有效率96.15%高于对照组82.69%(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合痰清宁雾化吸入治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效好,且可有效降低肌钙蛋白及心肌酶谱水平,减轻心肌损伤。     

蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒对腹泻患儿血清CRP水平及心肌酶谱的影响

目的:研究蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒对腹泻患儿血清C反应蛋白(CRP)及心肌酶谱水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年7月至2013年6月在本院进行治疗的腹泻患儿,39例采取蒙脱石散治疗(对照组),39例采取蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒治疗(观察组)。比较两组患儿有关症状改善时间和临床疗效,分析两组患儿治疗前后血清CRP及心肌酶谱水平。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清CRP、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),止泻时间、大便恢复至正常时间、退热时间显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:腹泻患儿经蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒治疗较单用蒙脱石散能更有效降低患儿血清CRP水平,改善患儿的心肌酶谱水平,患儿的临床症状可快速恢复,临床疗效更好。     

动态心电图对无症状性心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的:研究动态心电图对无症状性心肌缺血的临床诊断价值。方法:收集我院2014年6月-2015年6月我院接受诊治的冠心病(CAD)患者120例作为研究对象,采用动态心电图仪检测记录24h心电图信息,将动态心电图检测为心肌缺血的患者分为A组(无症状心肌缺血)、B组(有症状心肌缺血),比较两组患者基本信息、心肌缺血发作阵次、ST段下降幅度、ST段下降持续时间、心肌缺血阈变异性、心率及心率失常发生率。结果:120例CAD患者中有95例患者出现心肌缺血,其中A组66例(占69.47%),B组29例(占30.53%),差异显著(P0.05)。A组ST段阵次改变明显高于B组,A组ST段下降幅度、ST段下降持续时间、心肌缺血阈变异性明显低于B组(P0.05)。A、B两组患者心肌缺血发作表现出昼夜节律,在时间段6:00-12:00最高,在时间段0:00-6:00最低(P0.05)。A组患者平均心率显著低于B组患者,心律失常发生率显著高于B组(P0.05)。结论:动态心电图能够准确的诊断出无临床症状心肌缺血,使患者得到及时的治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

Évaluation de l’innervation sympathique cardiaque par la scintigraphie myocardique à la 123I-métaiodobenzylguanidine

Metaiodobenzylguanidine-iode 123 (¹²³I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy is one of the few methods available for the objective evaluation of cardiac sympathetic function at the clinical level. Disorders of cardiac sympathetic function play an important role in a variety of heart diseases and particularly in heart failure. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy provides abundance of useful information for evaluation of severity therapeutic effects and prognosis.     

茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光治疗新生儿病理性黄疸的疗效及对患儿心肌酶谱的影响

目的:探讨茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光治疗新生儿病理性黄疸的疗效及对患儿心肌酶谱的影响。方法:选取2015年2月至2016年12月于我院就诊的80例新生儿病理性黄疸患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。根据两组患儿的临床症状有针对性地给予常规治疗,对照组在此基础上加用蓝光照射治疗,观察组加用蓝光照射联合茵栀黄颗粒进行治疗,两组均持续治疗一个星期。比较两组的临床疗效、治疗前后血清心肌酶、胆红素水平的变化以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗前,两组患儿的血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)水平比较差异不明显(P0.05);治疗后,两组TBIL、DBIL水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)水平比较差异不显著(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:茵栀黄颗粒联合蓝光照射治疗新生儿黄疸较单用蓝光照射治疗可显著提高临床疗效,显著改善患儿血清胆红素及心肌酶谱水平,且安全性较高。     

老年心肌梗死患者PCI术后心率变异性的变化及丹参滴丸的临床疗效研究

目的:探究老年心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心率变异性的变化及实施PCI治疗后给予丹参滴丸的临床疗效。方法:收集2015年3月到2016年3月来我院就诊的老年急性心肌梗死患者56例,根据随机数字表法分为试验组及对照组,各28例,对所有患者实施PCI术,术后对照组使用基础药物治疗,试验组使用基础药物治疗联合复方丹参滴丸。比较PCI治疗前后心率变异性的变化及两组患者的心功能。结果:PCI术后,患者测定指标SDNN、SDNN Index及SDANN相对于术前均有升高(P0.05);频域分析指标HF及LF相对于术前均升高,LF/HF比值降低(P0.05)。治疗结束后,两组患者LVEF、SV及CI均明显升高,LVEDD明显降低(P0.05),与对照组相比,试验组患者LVEF、SV及CI较高,LVEDD较低(P0.05)。结论:PCI术能够改善老年心肌梗死患者心率变异性,而复方丹参滴丸对于PCI术后老年心肌梗死患者心功能指标均有明显改善,临床疗效较好。     

神经源性心脏损伤的研究进展

神经源性心脏损伤是指各种急性脑损伤患者出现的类似急性心肌损伤的临床症状,临床表现包括心电图异常、心肌酶升高、室壁运动功能障碍等。主要机制为颅脑病损伤影响自主神经的高级中枢丘脑下部时导致的神经系统功能紊乱及体液障碍。神经源性心脏损伤的发病率较高,且与患者住院时间延长和病死率增高相关。本文详细阐释了神经源性心脏损伤的临床表现、发病机制、预防及治疗,期望有助于临床诊断和科学研究。以期降低患者的死亡率,改善和提高患者的生活质量。     

Conventional and novel diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: a promising role for circulating microRNAs

Abstract

Biomarkers play a critical role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially in patients with atypical clinical and/or electrocardiographic presentation or co-morbidities, like the elderly. High-sensitivity assays based on specific biomarkers (e.g. cardiac troponins) enabling earlier AMI diagnosis have recently become available in clinical practice. Although no single biomarker of myocardial necrosis is ever likely to afford AMI diagnosis, a combination including different biomarkers for necrosis and ischemia, like new circulating molecules (microRNAs), could enhance diagnostic specificity. We review the recent literature on conventional and novel AMI biomarkers, with special emphasis on circulating microRNAs.     

前列地尔与益气复脉治疗老年心功能不全伴不稳定心绞痛的临床研究

目的:分析前列地尔与益气复脉治疗老年心功能不全伴不稳定心绞痛的临床效果。方法:选取2012年2月至2016年2月于我院诊治的心功能不全伴不稳定心绞痛老年患者300例,随机平均分为研究组和对照组各150例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上予以注射用益气复脉(冻干)治疗,研究组则在对照组基础上再予以前列地尔注射液治疗。分析比较两组患者的临床疗效、心电图疗效、心肌缺血发作情况以及心率、血流动力学指标的变化情况和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组治疗后临床总有效率为96%,显著高于对照组(78%)(P0.05);研究组治疗后心电图总有效率为88%,显著高于对照组(64%)(P0.05);研究组心肌缺血的发作次数相比对照组降低程度更大,在各个时段以及总体的心肌缺血的平均发作次数均低于治疗前,且均低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的LVEF、CO、CI及MPI均明显升高(P0.05),而心率没有显著变化,研究组的LVEF、CO、CI及MPI显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗期间,研究组的血管炎、血管疼痛的发生率显著高于对照组(P0.05),而其余不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前列地尔与益气复脉治疗老年心功能不全伴不稳定心绞痛的疗效明显,可以减少心肌缺血的发作,改善血流动力学,且安全性高。     

Comparing Cognitive and Somatic Symptoms of Depression in Myocardial Infarction Patients and Depressed Patients in Primary and Mental Health Care

Depression in myocardial infarction patients is often a first episode with a late age of onset. Two studies that compared depressed myocardial infarction patients to psychiatric patients found similar levels of somatic symptoms, and one study reported lower levels of cognitive/affective symptoms in myocardial infarction patients. We hypothesized that myocardial infarction patients with first depression onset at a late age would experience fewer cognitive/affective symptoms than depressed patients without cardiovascular disease. Combined data from two large multicenter depression studies resulted in a sample of 734 depressed individuals (194 myocardial infarction, 214 primary care, and 326 mental health care patients). A structured clinical interview provided information about depression diagnosis. Summed cognitive/affective and somatic symptom levels were compared between groups using analysis of covariance, with and without adjusting for the effects of recurrence and age of onset. Depressed myocardial infarction and primary care patients reported significantly lower cognitive/affective symptom levels than mental health care patients (F (2,682) = 6.043, p = 0.003). Additional analyses showed that the difference between myocardial infarction and mental health care patients disappeared after adjusting for age of onset but not recurrence of depression. These group differences were also supported by data-driven latent class analyses. There were no significant group differences in somatic symptom levels. Depression after myocardial infarction appears to have a different phenomenology than depression observed in mental health care. Future studies should investigate the etiological factors predictive of symptom dimensions in myocardial infarction and late-onset depression patients.     

La scintigraphie myocardique à la 123I-métaiodobenzylguanidine dans les arythmies

Metaiodobenzylguanidine-iode 123 (¹²³I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy is one of only the few methods available for the objective evaluation of cardiac sympathetic function at the clinical level. Disorders of cardiac sympathetic function play an important role in a variety of heart diseases and particularly arrhythmic disease. MIBG abnormalities have been described in various arrhythmic diseases. Their signification and their prognostic value are still not clear. This article focuses on reviewing the characteristics of ¹²³I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in different arrhythmic diseases.