从乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性母亲流产的胎儿查出乙型肝炎病毒标志

应用Southern blot杂交试验检测HBsAg及HBeAg均阳性母亲流产的9例胎儿肝细胞中HBV DNA的存在状态,并与其HBV血清学、免疫电镜及肝脏免疫组织化学的结果相比较。结果在3例胎肝高分子DNA中检出了整合的HBV DNA顺序,且此3例HBV DNA整合到胎肝细胞基因组并无特定部位,提示为随机整合。3例中2例的血清及肝匀浆都检出HBsAg颗粒,其胎肝细胞胞浆HBsAg也阳性;另1例受HBV感染的唯一标志是在胎肝细胞中存在着整合的HBVDNA。此外,另1例则仅胎肝细胞中HBsAg阳性而无整合的HBV DNA。在胎肝细胞中检出整合的HBV DNA进一步证实HBV子宫内传播途径的存在。     

乙肝病毒标志物在胎儿和胎盘组织中的表达及其与 HBV母婴传播关系的研究

目的通过对乙肝阳性产妇外周血、胎儿及胎儿附属物进行乙肝病毒标志物的检测,探讨HBV宫内感染发生的机制。方法通过ELISA法及实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清标本中HBV标志物及HBV DNA水平;通过对组织标本的免疫组织化学染色检测组织中HBV标志物的表达。结果胎儿脐血HBV DNA水平与母血HBV DNA水平相关,母血HBV DNA高水平(≥107copy/mL)时脐血HBV DNA阳性率明显增高,P<0.05。胎儿脐血HBV DNA水平显著低于母血HBV DNA水平,P<0.05。胎盘组织可见HBsAg免疫组织化学染色阳性,但未发现HBcAg染色阳性。在引产胎儿胎肝和胎肾组织中发现HBsAg和/或HBcAg免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞。结论母亲HBV DNA高水平是发生HBV宫内感染的高危因素。脐血HBV DNA阳性是判断HBV宫内感染的相关指标;HBV可能通过胎盘感染的途径由母体进入胎儿体内,并可能在胎儿体内定位和复制,这可能是导致HBV宫内感染的原因。     

四川省自贡市幼儿园3至5岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染情况及影响因素

为了解四川省自贡地区3～5岁幼儿乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况,并探索与感染有关的因素,1985年调查了1167名幼儿,其HBV总感染率为41.13％,HBsAg阳性率12.68％。幼儿的HBV感染与母亲HBsAg阳性密切相关。共检查母亲409例,38例HBsAg阳性,其幼儿HBsAg阳性率为50％(19/38),HBsAg阴性的母亲371例,其幼儿HBsAg阳性率9.97％(37/371),来自HBsAg阳性母亲的阳性子女占33.3％(19/56)。1986年随访HBV易感幼儿448例,HBV年感染率为12.95％(58/448),HBsAg年阳转率3.79％。HBV年感染率与原幼儿班级HBsAg阳性率的高低有关。     

乙型肝炎病毒的水平传播和围产期传播

在上海、河北、黑龙江和四川四省市调查了4 500名子女及其母亲的HBsAg阳性率。结果表明,HBsAg阳性母亲的子女,受水平和围产期传播的共同作用,其HBsAg阳性危险性显著高于单纯受水平传播作用的HBsAg阴性母亲的子女。HBsAg阴性母亲的74名HBsAg阳性子女,二年后11人转阴,年龄越大,阴转率呈越高的趋势,而HBsAg阳性母亲的31名阳性子女仅1例转阴,即后者的携带率(96.77％)高于前者(85.13％)。但就人群中HBsAg阳性和携带者的构成而言,仅32.25％的HBsAg的携带者,来源于受双重传播作用的HBsAg阳性母亲。换言之,水平传播的权重明显大于围产期传播,故阻断围产期传播的同时还应预防水平传播。     

广西HBsAg阳性母亲的胎儿肝、肾细胞中乙肝病毒DNA存在状态的研究

采用核酸分子杂交Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法,以３２Ｐ标记的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为探针,检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲引产的４０例胎儿的肝、肾组织。结果有２例胎肝和１例胎肾细胞ＤＮＡ出现大于３．２ｋｂ的杂交带,表明ＨＢＶＤＮＡ已处于整合状态。胎肾细胞基因组中查出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合为首次报道。     

肥厚型心肌病患者心肌mtDNA大片段缺失的探讨

应用Long PCR及Primer Shift Long PCR 技术对3例肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者和10例正常引产胎儿的13份心肌标本予以线粒体 DNA缺失检测,结果在1例HCM患者心肌线粒体DNA中发现约5.0kb缺失,而在正常引产胎儿的标本未见该缺失,提示HCM的发生可能与mtDNA缺失相关.     

广西HBsAg阳性母亲的胎儿肝,肾细胞中乙肝病毒DNA存在状态的研究

要用核酸分子杂交Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法,以＾３２Ｐ标记的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为探针,检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲引产的４０例胎儿的肝,肾组织。结果有２例胎肝和１例胎肾细胞ＤＮＡ出现大于３．２ｋｂ的杂交带,表明的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ已处于整合状态,胎肾细胞基因组中查出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合为首次报道。     

产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的效果观察

目的探讨产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的效果。方法选择2015年4月~2016年4月在我院行产前检查的孕妇1180例,均采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行产前超声检查,并观察产前超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形的临床应用效果。结果本组1180例孕妇中,检出肢体畸形胎儿38例,检测率为3.22%,其中脚缺失胎儿5例(13.16%),手畸形胎儿8例(21.05%),足内翻畸形胎儿6例(15.79%),股骨歪曲胎儿6例(15.79%),上肢畸形胎儿3例(7.89%),桡骨缺损胎儿8例(21.05%),六指畸形胎儿2例(5.26%)。超声诊断胎儿肢体畸形者均行引产手术,引产结果与超声诊断结果相符。结论产前超声检查在胎儿肢体畸形诊断中具有较高检测价值,能够有效检查出胎儿肢体发育情况,对提高人口质量具有重要意义。     

妊娠中晚期胎儿轻度侧脑室增宽的超声诊断

目的:研究妊娠中晚期轻度侧脑室增宽胎儿的超声表现以及妊娠结局情况。方法:回顾性分析我院产前诊断的60例轻度侧脑室增宽的胎儿的声像图资料,均经引产或产后随访证实。结果:60例胎儿中,孤立性者42例,合并其它畸形的轻度侧脑室增宽者18例(1例NTD高风险,2例21-三体高风险)。30例单侧,30例双侧,脑室宽度为10.5~14.5 mm,平均宽度13.1 mm。22例终止妊娠,32例(包括2例双胎之一)产前超声侧脑室随访变为正常宽度,4例产后随访正常,2例产后超声和MRI证实为脑积水。结论:超声是诊断胎儿轻度侧脑室增宽的重要影像学手段,对指导妊娠结局有重要意义。     

新生儿胃液乙肝标志物与宫内感染关系的研究

目的:探讨新生儿外周血及胃液HBeAg、HBsAg等标志物与乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的关系.方法:连续收集母亲外周血标本和新生儿外周血及胃液标本,ELISA检测HBeAg、HBsAg,PCR方法检测HBVDNA;以ABBOTT试剂检测新生儿股静脉血的HBsAg.采用X2检验、精确检验等统计学方法对结果进行分析.结果:共收集133例母亲、新生儿血标本和胃液标本.5例新生儿发生宫内感染;133例新生儿中单纯胃液HBsAg阳,阳性有58例,单纯胃液HBeAg阳性9例,胃液HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性7例,胃液HBeAg、HBsAg均阴性73例.PCR检测显示.胃液标本HBVDNA均阴性.统计学检验显示新生儿胃液HBsAg与乙肝病毒宫内感染有关系,而胃液HBeAg与乙肝病毒宫内感染无关系.结论:新生儿胃液HBsAg与乙肝病毒宫内感染有关,但是由于所有标本HBVDNA均阴性,尚不支持乙肝病毒宫内感染的胃液途径.     

Hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens in the liver of primary hepatocellular carcinoma cases in Virginia

Zenker-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of biopsy liver tissue from 64 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) were stained for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) by histochemical and/or immunohistochemical techniques in a retrospective study. PHC arose in livers with postnecrotic cirrhosis in 30 (46.9%) cases. Controls included liver biopsy sections from 123 miscellaneous liver disorders and from 67 randomly selected autopsy specimens, none of which were known to be associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBsAg was detected in tumorous hepatocytes in only one of the 64 cases of PHC. HBsAg was identified in nontumorous hepatocytes of 8 (20%) of 40 specimens that contained adequate nontumorous liver tissue. All of these HBsAg positive cases of PHC were associated with cirrhosis. Thus HBsAg was detected in 8 (33.3%) of 24 cases of PHC with cirrhosis, but in none of the remaining 16 cases without cirrhosis. HBcAg was not detected in the hepatocytes of those HBsAg positive PHC cases tested. Our results suggest that HBV infection may successively lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and ultimately PHC.     

乙型肝炎病毒胎内及围产期传播的研究

对78名HBsAg携带者母亲的新生儿系列血清,用ELISA检测抗-HBc·IgM,有5名出生后48小时血清阳性滴度在1:1,000以上,占6％。有3名母血HBeAg阳性的新生儿,其脐血、出生后48小时足跟血及以后的连续血清标本HBsAg均阳性,且滴度趋于升高。母血抗-HBc·IgM均阴性。认为前者可能为HBV眙内感染,后者为母血通过胎盘溃面直接进入胎儿血循环所致。     

激活补体类乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)循环免疫复合物在急慢性乙型肝炎中的意义

激活补体类HBsAg循环免疫复合物(HBsAg/C3-CIC )的检出率,与HBV复制标志的关系,在急慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染中表现不同。在慢性肝病(包括慢性迁延性乙型肝炎、慢性活动性乙型肝炎、乙型肝炎后肝硬化和HBV感染指标阳性的原发性肝癌)患者中,HBeAg阳性者,其HBsAg/C3-CIC的检出率显著高于HBeAg阴性者,且随HBeAgS/N值的升高而增加。在由HBV e系统组合成的四种模式中,单纯HBeAg阳性模式的检出率显著高于其它三种模式;在多聚白蛋白受体(PHSAr)阳性者中检出率显著高于PHSAr阴性者。而急性乙型肝炎(AH)的HBsAg/C3-CIC检出率无类似差异。这些结果提示,HBsAg/C3-CIC在HBV感染的急慢性肝病中具有不同的病理生理意义。     

Expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue: correlation with disease activity.

The patterns of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) expression were studied in liver biopsies taken from 41 patients with chronic HBV disease. Immunohistochemical methods were used on deparaffinized sections for the identification of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue. Twenty-one of the 41 cases (51.2%) were classified as inactive liver disease and 20 (48.8%) as active liver disease. In liver biopsies with inactive disease, HBsAg demonstrated varying types of cytoplasmic expression in a rather high number of hepatocytes distributed mainly in clusters, while HBcAg was rarely expressed in liver nuclei. On the other hand, in liver biopsies with active disease HBsAg was characterized by a diffuse cytoplasmic expression in a few discrete hepatocytes, while HBcAg was expressed in the nuclei of the hepatocytes in 70% of the cases and in half of the positive cases it was also detected in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, HBsAg expression in a few scattered hepatocytes correlates with active liver disease and positive HBcAg, while varying HBsAg cytoplasmic expression in a rather high number of clustered hepatocytes is related to chronic inactive liver disease and negative expression of HBcAg.     

四省观察点人群中血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原消长趋势调查

本文以前瞻性血清流行病学方法调查了人群中血清HBsAg消长趋势。观察了3 096名HBV易感者,其人年总感染率为7.0％;HBsAg人年阳转率为0.68％,两者之比为10.3:1.0。HBsAg阳转者中51.2％发生在0～3岁时期。调查了772例HBsAg携带者,其人年标化阴转率为2.01％,阴转者主要发生在10～29岁和50岁以上年龄组,占总阴转数的66.7％。以人群HBsAg阴转率加上因自然死亡而损失的HBsAg携带率和人群中HBsAg年增长率进行分析计算,得出HBsAg在观察点人群中的消长状况是呈上升趋势,即年增加率为0.370％,年减少率为0.264％。     

Antibodies against HBV, HCV and HAV detected by using microparticle enzyme immunoassay in hepatitis outpatients

The presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), of the antibodies against HBc, HCV and HAV was determined in outpatients in the period September 2005 - December 2006. The serum samples were analyzed by using Enzyme Immunoassay microparticles (Abbott AxSYM System). At least one test was positive in 238 patients (15.4%) of the total of 1547 patients. Of the 238 positive subjects, in 130 positive subjects (54.6%) the existence of HBV infection could be ascertained based on the presence of HBsAg or of the antibodies against HBc or of their association; 83 patients (34.9%) presented antibodies against HCV and in other 12 patients the antibodies against HCV were associated with HBsAg or with antibodies against HBc, suggesting the coexistence of HCV and HBV infection. The antibodies against HCV and the associations between HCV and HBV were mostly detected in subjects with the diagnosis of cirrhosis, liver failure or chronic hepatitis. Of the 13 (5.46%) patients with antibodies against HAV, 6 patients presented the associations: in 2 cases antibodies anti-HAV with positive HBsAg, in 1 case antibodies anti-HAV and anti-HBc with positive HBsAg, in 2 cases antibodies anti-HAV and anti-HBc and in 1 case antibodies anti-HAV and anti-HCV.     

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Traffic Plays a Crucial Role in Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus

The role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in HBV intrauterine infection is not fully defined. Particularly the origin of PBMCs in HBV-infected neonates remains to be addressed. We carried out a population-based nested case-control study by enrolling 312 HBsAg-positive mothers and their babies. PBMC HBV DNA as well as serum HBsAg and HBV DNA was tested in cohort entry samples. Totally, 45.5% (142/312) of the newborns were found to be infected with HBV in perinatal transmission. 119 mother-infant pairs were identified to be different in the genetic profile of maternal and fetal PBMCs by AS-PCR and hemi-nested PCR. Among them, 57.1% (68/119) of the maternal PBMCs in index cases were positive for HBV DNA while 83.8% (57/68) of the HBV DNA positive maternal PBMCs passed the placental barrier and entered the fetus. Furthermore, maternal PBMC HBV infection was significantly associated with newborn infants HBV infection. PBMC traffic from mother to fetus resulted in a 9.5-fold increased risk of HBV infection in PBMC HBV DNA positive newborn infants. These data indicate that maternal PBMCs infected with HBV contribute to HBV intrauterine infection of newborn infants via PBMC traffic from mother to fetus.