TSA通过抑制STAT1磷酸化与核转位下调人肝癌细胞HepG2内 IDO的表达

目的:研究曲古抑菌素A (Trichostatin A, TSA)下调γ干扰素(interferon-gamma, IFN-γ)诱导的人肝癌细胞HepG2内吲哚胺2, 3-双加氧酶(indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, IDO)表达的分子机制。方法: Western blot 检测TSA在IFN-γ诱导的HepG2细胞中IDO的表达、信号转导及转录激活子1(STAT1)的磷酸化和干扰素调节因子1(IRF-1)的诱导表达情况。用免疫细胞化学法检测TSA处理HepG2细胞后对IDO表达的影响。流式细胞术分析TSA处理后IFN-γ受体2表达量的变化,进一步在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察TSA对STAT1核转位的影响,利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测TSA对IFN-γ激活位点(γ-activated sites, GAS)、干扰素刺激应答元件(interferon stimulated response elements, ISRE)和核因子-κB (NF-κB)的激活的影响。结果:TSA以剂量依赖方式下调HepG2细胞内IFN-γ诱导的IDO表达、能明显抑制STAT1第701位酪氨酸的磷酸化和STAT1的核转位,但是上调IFN-γ受体2受体的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因分析和Western blot结果表明:TSA能显著抑制GAS和IRF-1 的激活却不能抑制NF-κB和ISRE的激活。 结论:TSA能下调IFN-γ诱导的HepG2细胞中IDO的表达,其机制可能是与其抑制STAT1的磷酸化和核转位,以及抑制STAT1与GAS的结合有关,而不是通过下调IFN-γ受体的表达来实现的。     

Inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced janus kinase-1-STAT1 activation in macrophages by vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), two immunomodulatory neuropeptides that affect both innate and acquired immunity, down-regulate IL-12 p40 and inducible NO synthase expression in LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages. We showed previously that VIP/PACAP inhibit NF-kappaB nuclear translocation through the stabilization of IkappaB and reduce IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) binding to the regulatory elements found in the IL-12 p40 and inducible NO synthase promoters. In this paper we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the VIP/PACAP regulation of IRF-1 transactivating activity. Our studies indicate that the inhibition in IRF-1 binding correlates with a reduction in IRF-1 protein and mRNA in IFN-gamma-treated Raw 264.7 macrophages. In agreement with the described Janus kinase (Jak)1/Jak2/STAT1/IRF-1 activation pathway, VIP/PACAP inhibit Jak1/Jak2, STAT1 phosphorylation, and the binding of STAT1 to the GAS sequence motif in the IRF-1 promoter. The effects of VIP/PACAP are mediated through the specific VIP/PACAP receptor-1 and the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) transduction pathway, but not through the induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 or suppressor of cytokine signaling-3. Because IFN-gamma is a major stimulator of innate immune responses in vivo, the down-regulation of IFN-gamma-induced gene expression by VIP and PACAP could represent a significant element in the regulation of the inflammatory response by endogenous neuropeptides.