金蛇胆口服液急性毒性及镇咳抗药效研究

研究金蛇胆口服液的毒性及镇咳抗炎作用。方法给小鼠灌胃。结果 金蛇胆口服液无急性毒性反应,能明显抑制二甲苯诱发的小鼠耳壳肿胀。能延长氨水所致咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数。     

蛇胆的药用与加工

蛇胆能搜风去湿,清凉明目、止咳化痰。临床上应用于治疗风湿性关节炎、眼赤目糊、咳嗽多痰、小儿惊风、半身不遂、痔疮红肿、各种角膜疾病等,均有良好疗效,民间还有食蛇胆来治胃病等,被奉为珍贵的中药。蛇胆的颜色大多以碧绿色为佳,淡黄或橙黄的叫作“水胆”,通常不...     

青龙饮料与蛇胆饮料对小鼠促生长及耐力对比实验研究（二）

青龙饮料是在蛇胆饮料基础上,采取新配方的保健饮料.为了探讨其保健功能是否优于蛇胆饮料,我们对小鼠进行了促生长和耐力对比试验。现将结果报道如下:1 材料与方法1.1 实验饮料:青龙饮料和蛇胆饮料是由沈阳龙宝保健食品制造公司生产。1.2 实验动物与分组:小鼠是由解放军     

蛇胆祛痰作用的实验研究

用２组小鼠,每组１０只。实验组用蛇胆酒灌胃,对照组用生理盐水灌胃,均以气管内酚红排泄法观察。结果示,酚红排泄量实验组比对照组明显为高。说明蛇胆确有增加小鼠气管分泌,稀释痰液的作用     

眼镜蛇胆的妙用

眼镜蛇蛇胆,有祛风化痰,清热解毒之功效。主治发热、咳嗽、痰多气喘、风湿骨痛等。传统常用好酒配为“蛇胆酒”,配中药制成“蛇胆陈皮末”和“蛇胆川贝末”等。而笔者父辈相传,用眼镜蛇(吹风蛇)胆配生姜制成“胆姜”治疗发热、惊风和慢支有特效。方法:即选用大块的生姜一块,用刀切成两块,姜中间稍挖为空心,再用眼镜蛇胆一个夹在姜中间,并用线固定好,挂在通风阴凉干燥处阴干后可入药。用时切碎并研为细粉,遇有发热咳嗽,关节痛者用酒或开水冲服,每次1—     

灵芝发酵液酸性醇提物抗慢性支气管炎疗效的研究

通过灵芝发酵液酸性醇提物对小鼠的镇咳、祛痰实验,及烟熏小鼠肺部组织的形态学观察,研究灵芝酸性醇提物抗慢性支气管炎的疗效。灵芝发酵全液,不同剂量的灵芝酸乙醇提取物、灵芝酸正丁醇提取物均能显著延长二氧化硫诱发的小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,并显著抑制小鼠咳嗽次数,有明显的镇咳作用。60mg/kg给药量的正丁醇提取物使小鼠气道酚红排泄量较对照组提高了50.7%,祛痰疗效也明显优于双黄连口服液。肺组织切片病理检查表明,灵芝酸性提取物明显减轻烟熏小鼠的气管、支气管粘膜损伤,慢性支气管炎的组织病理学变化明显轻于单纯烟熏模型组,且抗炎、抗损伤作用与双黄连相当,这可为灵芝酸产品的研究开发提供一定的药理依据。     

蛇胆饮料对动物（小鼠）促生长及耐力对比实验研究

本文对蛇胆饮料的促生长及耐受力进行实验研究,结果表明喝蛇胆饮料的动物小鼠有明显的促生长发育功能,并有增强耐受力抗疲劳的功能.     

鲜猴头菌口服液益智保健功效初步研究

初步评估了鲜猴头菌口服液的益智保健功效以及对糖尿病及其相关症状的改善作用。在研究中,首先采用急性毒性实验检测鲜猴头菌口服液饮用的安全性;然后,采取小鼠跳台和避暗实验以及迟发型变态反应初步分析了鲜猴头菌口服液对正常小鼠的学习和记忆能力以及对由Cy诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答能力的影响;同时,又以STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠作为模型,测定了鲜猴头菌口服液对糖尿病典型症状的改善作用。结果显示,鲜猴头菌口服液的LD50＞27.2mL/kg;在跳台和避暗2个实验中,与空白对照组相比较,猴头低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的潜伏期明显缩短,且5min错误次数明显减少;在迟发型变态反应中,与阴性对照组相比较,猴头组小鼠的左后足趾肿胀度极显著增强;此外,鲜猴头菌口服液还对由STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的精神状态和体重均有改善作用,而与正常组相比较,口服液对糖尿病大鼠的血常规指标影响不明显。这表明,鲜猴头菌口服液为安全物质,它能显著的提高小鼠的记忆和学习能力,能极显著的提高免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答水平,还能对由糖尿病引起的体重下降有改善作用,同时不会引起副作用。     

复方五味子口服液对小鼠的药理作用

研究了复方五味子口服液对小鼠学习记忆、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响,结果表明：复方五味子口服液对D-gal所致小鼠亚急性衰老模型具有提高SOD活性和降低MDA含量的作用,有降低小鼠自主活动的作用,能提高小鼠耐缺氧能力,并且改善戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠记忆障碍,同时可明显促进小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖及网状内皮吞噬功能。     

新昂立一号口服液与昂立一号口服液 改善肠道菌群失调的研究

本文研究了新昂立一号及原昂立一号口服液对肠道菌群失调小鼠的治疗和预防效果,组织病理检查和肠道菌群检测显示,两种口服液均能促进肠粘膜屏障的修复功能,并能调节肠道菌群恢复平衡。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Acidophilic and acid-tolerant fungi and yeasts

Fungi have not been systematically studied from mines and mine drainage waters, even though they are often encountered there. This paper provides a key from literature sources and lists morphological characteristics and habitat information for the 81 fungal species that have been collected or identified in pH <4 environments.